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Kang A, Lee H, Lee A, Roh Y, Sim B, Jeong J. Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model: A Small Dog Cadaveric Study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2024; 37:13-22. [PMID: 37562428 PMCID: PMC10789505 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of safe positioning of double 2.3-mm headless cannulated self-compression screws (HCS) in a small dog cadaveric sacroiliac luxation model and to compare the static rotational biomechanical properties of fixation repaired using two different screw systems with a minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique: double 2.3-mm HCS and a single 3.5-mm standard cortical screw placed in a lag fashion. STUDY DESIGN A unilateral small dog sacroiliac luxation model was stabilized using double 2.3-mm HCS (n = 11) or a single 3.5-mm cortical screw (n = 11). Radiographic and computed tomography (CT) imaging analyses and biomechanical testing of rotational force on the sacroiliac joint of both fixations were performed. The maximum load at failure and failure modes of each fixation were recorded and compared. RESULTS Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous application of double HCS was safe in a unilateral sacroiliac luxation model in small dogs without violation of the vertebral and ventral sacral foramen. Furthermore, resistance to rotational force applied on fixation of the sacroiliac joint repaired with double 2.3-mm HCS estimated by maximum failure load was significantly higher than that of a single 3.5-mm cortical screw (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although this was an experimental cadaveric study, based on our results, the use of smaller double HCS may be beneficial as an alternative to the conventional single lag screw for stabilization of sacroiliac luxation in small dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- AhRan Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebeom Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Roh
- Division of Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bokyun Sim
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Sim B, Fook-Chong S, Phoon Y, Koh H, Thirumoorthy T, Pang S, Lee H. Multimorbidity in bullous pemphigoid: a case-control analysis of bullous pemphigoid patients with age- and gender-matched controls. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1709-1714. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Sim
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - S. Fook-Chong
- Health Services Research and Biostatistics; Division of Research; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - Y.W. Phoon
- Department of Dermatology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - H.Y. Koh
- Department of Dermatology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
| | - T. Thirumoorthy
- Department of Dermatology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
| | - S.M. Pang
- Department of Dermatology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
| | - H.Y. Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- C.W.X. Tan
- Department of Dermatology Singapore General Hospital Outram Road 169608 Singapore
| | - Y. Pang
- Department of Dermatology Singapore General Hospital Outram Road 169608 Singapore
| | - B. Sim
- School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham U.K
| | - T. Thirumoorthy
- Department of Dermatology Singapore General Hospital Outram Road 169608 Singapore
| | - S.M. Pang
- Department of Dermatology Singapore General Hospital Outram Road 169608 Singapore
| | - H.Y. Lee
- Department of Dermatology Singapore General Hospital Outram Road 169608 Singapore
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Sim B, Chae HS, Choi HJ. Fabrication of polyaniline coated iron oxide hybrid particles and their dual stimuli-response under electric and magnetic fields. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lo D, Aftahi N, Reilly C, Neal H, Sim B, Gascoigne NR, Kono D, Wu A, Schulman S, Scott B. Mapping genes regulating lymphocyte function: correlations with autoimmunity? Curr Dir Autoimmun 2002; 1:226-46. [PMID: 11791444 DOI: 10.1159/000060489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Lo
- Department of Immunology IMM-25, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif., USA
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro anatomic study investigating the degree of soft tissue disruption required to produce a subaxial cervical unilateral facet dislocation. OBJECTIVES To develop an understanding of the relative contributions to stability of the subaxial cervical soft tissues and to define an anatomic threshold of injury necessary to produce a unilateral cervical facet dislocation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The literature at this time is unclear regarding the precise pathomechanics of a cervical unilateral facet dislocation and the required threshold of soft tissue injury necessary for its genesis. Published clinical reports do not make any specific reference to these factors or are unclear in their objectivity. METHODS Two adjacent vertebra at a time in 10 fresh-frozen subaxial cervical spine specimens (C2-C3 to C6-C7) were transfixed in the coronal plane with 3.5-mm Schanz screws. A steady unilateral vertical distraction force resulting in lateral cervical flexion was applied to these screws as the surrounding cervical soft tissue structures were sequentially ablated. Four experimental models were developed, varying the order of soft tissue disruption. RESULTS The physiologic coupling of subaxial cervical unilateral distraction and rotation, because of the spatial orientation or inclination of the cervical facet joints, allowed the creation of a unilateral facet dislocation without an additional flexion moment. Disruption of the ipsilateral articular capsule, ligamentum flavum, and more than half of the anulus fibrosus was necessary for the genesis of a unilateral facet dislocation. Disruption of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments was not necessary but appeared to facilitate or lessen the force required to dislocate a unilateral facet. Disruption of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and intertransverse ligaments was not necessary to create a unilateral facet dislocation. CONCLUSION This anatomic study further supports the theory that discontinuity of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments is not necessary for a unilateral facet dislocation to occur. The ipsilateral facet capsule, anulus fibrosus, and ligamentum flavum appear to be the physical soft tissue restraints that need to be disrupted to produce a unilateral facet dislocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sim
- Unfallkrankenhaus Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Buchanan FJ, White JR, Sim B, Downes S. The influence of gamma irradiation and aging on degradation mechanisms of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2001; 12:29-37. [PMID: 15348374 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026796817483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aging behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been studied following gamma irradiation in air. Accelerated aging procedures used elevated temperature (70 degrees C), pressurized oxygen (5 bar) and applied stress. Shelf and in vivo aged components have also been investigated. The variation in polymer properties with depth into the polymer was determined using density measurements, infra-red spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Accelerated aging in pressurized oxygen resulted in peaks in polymer density and degree of oxidation up to 500 microm below the polymer surface. Shelf and in vivo aging was also found to result in increased density at or below the component surfaces. Changes in density were mainly due to changes in crystallinity within the UHMWPE and, to a smaller extent, due to oxygen incorporation within the polymer. The application of stress did not appear to influence the accelerated aging of UHMWPE. A method for estimating the residual stress distribution in the UHMWPE using the measured changes in density is proposed. This study has indicated that oxidation of UHMWPE may lead to the development of tensile residual stresses, near the component surface, in the region of 1.7 MPa. These stresses may contribute to the failure mechanism of UHMWPE acetabular cups or knee tibial trays during service.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland, BT9 5AH, UK.
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Buchanan FJ, Sim B, Downes S. Influence of packaging conditions on the properties of gamma-irradiated UHMWPE following accelerated ageing and shelf ageing. Biomaterials 1999; 20:823-37. [PMID: 10226709 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ageing behaviour of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been studied following gamma irradiation (25 or 40 kGy) in air or in inert atmosphere (vacuum packed). Accelerated ageing procedures used elevated temperature (70 degrees C) and/or pressurised oxygen (5 bar). Shelf ageing for up to six months was also performed. The variation in polymer properties with depth into the polymer was determined using density measurements, infra-red spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Tensile properties of the irradiated polymer after accelerated ageing were also determined. Accelerated ageing in air for 20 days or pressurised oxygen for 4 days resulted in peaks in polymer density, crystallinity and degree of oxidation at the polymer surface. Accelerated ageing in pressurised oxygen for 8 days resulted in peaks in these properties 500 microns below the polymer surface. Where gamma irradiation was performed in inert atmosphere the amount of polymer degradation following accelerated ageing (in oxidising conditions) was generally lower but still significant. Differences were also observed in tensile properties between material gamma-irradiated in air and in vacuum. This study indicated that performing gamma sterilisation procedures under inert conditions can reduce the level of UHMWPE degradation when exposed to an oxidising environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland, UK.
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Lee TC, Shine JD, FitzPatrick DP, Bradley JA, O’Connor JJ, O’Kelly KU, Carr AJ, McCormack BAO, O’Neill P, Cole JS, Watterson JK, Raghunathan S, O’Reilly MJG, Pherwani A, Rice J, McCormack D, Maher SA, Prendergast PJ, Reid AJ, Waide DV, Chambers SD, Bartlett RH, Ceccio SL, Murphy LA, Lacroix D, Murphy BP, Mullett H, Shannon F, Lawlor G, O’Rourke SK, Connolly P, Maher S, Devitt A, McElwain J, O’Reilly P, McCarthy DR, Kernohan G, Buchanan FJ, Sim B, Downes S, Bennett DB, Orr JF, Dorrell PF, Fleming P, Stephens M, Moholkar K, Fenelon G, Doyle AM, Dockrell S, Normoyle P, Geraghty D, MacNamara S, Lacey G, Lally C, McGloughlin T, Grace P, Walsh M, McGIoughlin T, Colgan D, Daly S, Dolan B, Flynn MJ, Shuhaibar M, Neligan MC, McMillan ND, O’Mongain E, Walsh J, Miller R, Mitchell I, O’Neill M, Brennan F, Ridgway P, Blayney AW, Monkhouse WS, O’Brien FJ, Taylor D, Mushipe MT, Shelton JC, Revell PA, McCarthy MA, Pearse KM, O’Keefe DT, Lyons GM, Leane GE, Mulcahy E, Bray K, Conway BA, Halliday DM, Rosenberg JR, Anderson R, Grace PA, Kinsella SM, Harrison AJ, Lyons DJ, Wallace KE, Hill RG, Pembroke JT, Brown CJ, Hatton PV, Bryan K, Buggy M, Noe JM, Nico AC, McConnell LA, McGivern RC, Marsh DR, Meenan BJ, Workman A, Kuiper JH. Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland Section of Bioengineering. Ir J Med Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02945855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Downes S, Sim B, Cowlam T, Anderson S, McDougall K, Fisher S. A new cell-culture system for biocompatibility testing of novel biomaterials designed for oral and maxillofacial repair. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(97)90619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Best S, Sim B, Kayser M, Downes S. The dependence of osteoblastic response on variations in the chemical composition and physical properties of hydroxyapatite. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1997; 8:97-103. [PMID: 15348777 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018558816871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two synthetic hydroxyapatite powders (A and B), supplied by different manufacturers, were physically and chemically characterized before being die pressed and sintered at 1250 degrees C. The powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IRS), X-ray fluorescence, surface area analysis (BET), particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The materials were then pressed and sintered to produce hydroxyapatite discs of similar densities and grain sizes for in vitro evaluation. The ceramics were seeded with osteoblastic cells and after 15 days in culture the cell morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the ultrastructure of the cells was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with EDAX, and the rate of cell growth was assessed using biochemical techniques. The results clearly showed that the rate of cell proliferation but not the rate of alkaline phosphatase production, was highly dependent on the composition of the hydroxyapatite powders that were used to make the ceramic discs. The ultrastructural studies confirmed the relative viabilities of the cells and the nature of the ceramic interface indicating visually the marked differences in the performance of the two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Best
- IRC in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road London, E1 4NS England
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Abstract
In order to overcome the biological deficiencies of synthetic polymers and to enhance the mechanical characteristics of natural polymers, two synthetic polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were blended, in different ratios, with two biological polymers, collagen (C) and hyaluronic acid (HA). These blends were used to prepare films, sponges and hydrogels which were loaded with growth hormone (GH) to investigate their potential use as drug delivery systems. The GH release was monitored in vitro using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results show that GH can be released from HA/PAA sponges and from HA/PVA and C/PVA hydrogels. The initial GH concentration used for sample loading affected the total quantity of GH released but not the pattern of release. The rate and quantity of GH released was significantly dependent on the HA or C content of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Cascone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from two healthy, two gingivitis and two periodontitis sites of two groups of individuals presenting for treatment of chronic adult periodontitis (group 1, 25 subjects; group 2, seven subjects) and from distal approximal sites of two incisors and one molar of 10 subjects with periodontal health. GCF eluates of periodontitis group 1 and controls, prepared by a technique that lysed polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in the samples, were assayed for functional neutrophil elastase (NE) and immunoreactive alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin-neutrophil elastase complex (alpha 1-AT-NE). Periodontitis group 2 GCF eluates, generated by a method that did not disrupt PMNs, were assayed for functional NE in the presence and absence of a specific NE inhibitor. A greater amount of NE (ng/5-s sample) was found in eluates of GCF from diseased sites irrespective of whether or not the eluates contained products of lysed PMNs. However, the GCF eluates prepared without disrupting PMNs contained only about one-tenth as much NE as eluates of corresponding sites that included constituents of lysed PMNs. The amount of alpha-AT in GCF was insufficient to inactivate most of the NE available for release into the gingival sulcus at either healthy or diseased sites. In addition, much of the alpha 1-AT in GCF was not complexed with NE under conditions of excess NE. More than 90% of the NE in GCF from each site category was inactivated by the NE specific inhibitor. It is concluded, because of the large quantity of NE available in PMNs compared to the amount of NE inhibitors in GCF, that at least locally transient free NE occurs, which contributes to tissue destruction in chronic adult periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Smith
- Department of Oral Science, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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Sim B. Dental recruitment is still a big problem. Probe (Lond) 1972; 13:244-8. [PMID: 4500830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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