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Abstract
Given the potential negative impact reliance on misinformation can have, substantial effort has gone into understanding the factors that influence misinformation belief and propagation. However, despite the rise of social media often being cited as a fundamental driver of misinformation exposure and false beliefs, how people process misinformation on social media platforms has been under-investigated. This is partially due to a lack of adaptable and ecologically valid social media testing paradigms, resulting in an over-reliance on survey software and questionnaire-based measures. To provide researchers with a flexible tool to investigate the processing and sharing of misinformation on social media, this paper presents The Misinformation Game-an easily adaptable, open-source online testing platform that simulates key characteristics of social media. Researchers can customize posts (e.g., headlines, images), source information (e.g., handles, avatars, credibility), and engagement information (e.g., a post's number of likes and dislikes). The platform allows a range of response options for participants (like, share, dislike, flag) and supports comments. The simulator can also present posts on individual pages or in a scrollable feed, and can provide customized dynamic feedback to participants via changes to their follower count and credibility score, based on how they interact with each post. Notably, no specific programming skills are required to create studies using the simulator. Here, we outline the key features of the simulator and provide a non-technical guide for use by researchers. We also present results from two validation studies. All the source code and instructions are freely available online at https://misinfogame.com .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Butler
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Padraig Lamont
- School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Dean Law Yim Wan
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Toby Prike
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mehwish Nasim
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ullrich K H Ecker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
- Public Policy Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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2
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Jr EMJ, Hall E, Marchant R, Horton B, Jin R, Mistro M, Walker B, Romano K. Impact of Lymphopenia on Definitive Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e514-e515. [PMID: 37785607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Pre-treatment lymphopenia prior to initiating treatment has been correlated with reduced survival in a number of different cancers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between lymphopenia and survival in women with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) treated with primary chemoradiation (CRT). MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with LACC treated at a single institution from 2005 - 2021 with available lymphocyte information. Patient and treatment characteristics were recorded including age, tumor size and stage, EBRT dose/fractionation, and brachytherapy dosimetry data. Absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) were collected prior to initiating CRT and at 3-month intervals following CRT and graded based on severity of lymphopenia using CTCAE v 5.0. Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) were calculated from the start of treatment to date of last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate whether lymphocyte changes were associated with OS, PFS, or LC. RESULTS A total of 124 patients met study inclusion criteria with stage IB - IV disease (41 stage I, 41 stage II, 36 stage III, 6 stage IV) and a median follow up of 3.6 years (range 0.2-16.5 years). The median age was 49 years (range 26-77). The median EBRT dose was 45 Gy (range: 26-57.5 Gy) and 44.2% of patients received para-aortic (PA) nodal EBRT (28.8% elective and 15.4% with positive PA nodes). 5-year OS, PFS, and LC were 60.3% (95% CI 51.5-70.7), 47.5% (95% CI 39-58), and 75.5% (95% CI 67.3-82.9), respectively. Pre-treatment lymphopenia (ALC <1000 cells/mm3) was present in 11 (9%) patients. When the total cohort was divided into patients with and without pre-treatment lymphopenia, OS was statistically improved in the patients without baseline lymphopenia, with a 5-year OS of 63.2% (95% CI 53.9-73.9) versus 35.3% (95% CI 14.5-86.3) in the lymphopenia group (p = 0.034). LC also trended to being improved in the patients without lymphopenia, though this did not reach statistical significance in our small sample size of lymphopenic patients, with 5-year LC of 76.8% (95% CI 68.4-84.3) versus 67.5% (05% CI 36.6-93.8), p = 0.45. CONCLUSION In this single institution experience of LACC treated with definitive CRT, we found that baseline lymphopenia is associated with inferior OS. Patients with higher pre-CRT ALC may represent a population with more robust immune systems, producing more favorable tumor responses to treatment. Additional studies are warranted to investigate the evolving role of combined EBRT and systemic therapy in LACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Janowski Jr
- University of Virginia Department of Radiation Oncology, Charlottesville, VA
| | - E Hall
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - R Marchant
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - B Horton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - R Jin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - M Mistro
- University of Virginia Department of Radiation Oncology, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - K Romano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Jaroenlapnopparat A, Rittiphairoj T, Chaisidhivej N, Walker B, Charoenngam N. High parathyroid hormone level as a marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102827. [PMID: 37451113 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies have suggested that high parathyroid hormone (PTH) was associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), although the results from existing studies are inconsistent. Using systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the association of PTH with NAFLD and NASH. METHODS Potentially eligible studies were identified from Embase and Medline databases from using search strategy consisting of terms for "NAFLD/NASH", and "PTH". Eligible study must consist of one group of patients with NAFLD/NASH and another group without NAFLD/NASH. The study must provide mean ± SD PTH in both groups. We extracted such data to calculate mean difference (MD). Pooled MD was then calculated by combining MDs of each study using random-effects model. Funnel plot was used to assess for the presence of publication bias. RESULTS A total of 388 articles were identified. After systematic review, 12 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 10 studies revealed the significant association between high PTH and NAFLD, with the pooled MD of 5.479 (95%CI 0.947-10.011, I2 82.4%). The funnel plot was symmetric and did not suggest publication bias. The meta-analysis of 4 studies revealed the non-significant association between high PTH and NASH, with the pooled MD of 11.955 (95%CI -4.703 - 28.614, I2 81.0%). CONCLUSIONS High PTH level is significantly associated with NAFLD and can be used as a marker of NAFLD. However, high PTH level is non-significantly associated with NASH. Further studies are needed to increase the sample size and eliminate the confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunchalee Jaroenlapnopparat
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Natapat Chaisidhivej
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Walker
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Grueter CC, Goodman H, Fay N, Walker B, Coall D. Preference for Male Risk Takers Varies with Relationship Context and Health Status but not COVID Risk. Evol Psychol Sci 2023; 9:1-10. [PMID: 36845029 PMCID: PMC9944803 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-023-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Risk taking is more commonly shown by males than females and has a signalling function, serving to advertise one's intrinsic quality to prospective mates. Previous research has established that male risk takers are judged as more attractive for short-term flings than long-term relationships, but the environmental and socioeconomic context surrounding female preferences for male risk takers has been overlooked. Using a survey instrument, we examined female preferences for male risk takers across 1304 females from 47 countries. We found preferences for physical risk takers to be more pronounced in females with a bisexual orientation and females who scored high on risk proneness. Self-reported health was positively associated with preferences for high risk takers as short-term mates, but the effect was moderated by country-level health, i.e. the association was stronger in countries with poorer health. The security provided by better health and access to health care may allow females to capitalise on the genetic quality afforded by selecting a risk-prone male whilst concurrently buffering the potential costs associated with the risk taker's lower paternal investment. The risk of contracting COVID-19 did not predict avoidance of risk takers, perhaps because this environmental cue is too novel to have moulded our behavioural preferences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40806-023-00354-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril C. Grueter
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M309, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Hannah Goodman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M309, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - David Coall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
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Reddy K, Lee G, Reddy N, Chikowore T, Dong K, Walker B, Yu X, Lichterfeld M, Ndung'u T. PP 3.4 – 00079 HIV-1 clade C reservoir characteristics in early and chronic treated infection. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Walker B, Stoate C, Kendall N. Willow leaves as a cobalt supplement for weaned lambs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Mickelberg A, Walker B, Ecker UKH, Howe P, Perfors A, Fay N. Impression formation stimuli: A corpus of behavior statements rated on morality, competence, informativeness, and believability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269393. [PMID: 35657992 PMCID: PMC9165857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate impression formation, researchers tend to rely on statements that describe a person’s behavior (e.g., “Alex ridicules people behind their backs”). These statements are presented to participants who then rate their impressions of the person. However, a corpus of behavior statements is costly to generate, and pre-existing corpora may be outdated and might not measure the dimension(s) of interest. The present study makes available a normed corpus of 160 contemporary behavior statements that were rated on 4 dimensions relevant to impression formation: morality, competence, informativeness, and believability. In addition, we show that the different dimensions are non-independent, exhibiting a range of linear and non-linear relationships, which may present a problem for past research. However, researchers interested in impression formation can control for these relationships (e.g., statistically) using the present corpus of behavior statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Mickelberg
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ullrich K. H. Ecker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Piers Howe
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Perfors
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Fay N, Walker B, Ellison TM, Blundell Z, De Kleine N, Garde M, Lister CJ, Goldin-Meadow S. Gesture is the primary modality for language creation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220066. [PMID: 35259991 PMCID: PMC8905156 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
How language began is one of the oldest questions in science, but theories remain speculative due to a lack of direct evidence. Here, we report two experiments that generate empirical evidence to inform gesture-first and vocal-first theories of language origin; in each, we tested modern humans' ability to communicate a range of meanings (995 distinct words) using either gesture or non-linguistic vocalization. Experiment 1 is a cross-cultural study, with signal Producers sampled from Australia (n = 30, Mage = 32.63, s.d. = 12.42) and Vanuatu (n = 30, Mage = 32.40, s.d. = 11.76). Experiment 2 is a cross-experiential study in which Producers were either sighted (n = 10, Mage = 39.60, s.d. = 11.18) or severely vision-impaired (n = 10, Mage = 39.40, s.d. = 10.37). A group of undergraduate student Interpreters guessed the meaning of the signals created by the Producers (n = 140). Communication success was substantially higher in the gesture modality than the vocal modality (twice as high overall; 61.17% versus 29.04% success). This was true within cultures, across cultures and even for the signals produced by severely vision-impaired participants. The success of gesture is attributed in part to its greater universality (i.e. similarity in form across different Producers). Our results support the hypothesis that gesture is the primary modality for language creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - T Mark Ellison
- Collaborative Research Centre for Linguistic Prominence, University of Cologne, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Zachary Blundell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Naomi De Kleine
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Murray Garde
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Casey J Lister
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Phan J, Walker B, Subbiah R. Inhibition of Ventricular Pacing due to Atrial Oversensing With an Integrated Bipolar Defibrillator Lead. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Walker B, Segovia Martín J, Tamariz M, Fay N. Maintenance of prior behaviour can enhance cultural selection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19897. [PMID: 34615959 PMCID: PMC8494921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cultural phenomena evolve through a Darwinian process whereby adaptive variants are selected and spread at the expense of competing variants. While cultural evolutionary theory emphasises the importance of social learning to this process, experimental studies indicate that people's dominant response is to maintain their prior behaviour. In addition, while payoff-biased learning is crucial to Darwinian cultural evolution, learner behaviour is not always guided by variant payoffs. Here, we use agent-based modelling to investigate the role of maintenance in Darwinian cultural evolution. We vary the degree to which learner behaviour is payoff-biased (i.e., based on critical evaluation of variant payoffs), and compare three uncritical (non-payoff-biased) strategies that are used alongside payoff-biased learning: copying others, innovating new variants, and maintaining prior variants. In line with previous research, we show that some level of payoff-biased learning is crucial for populations to converge on adaptive cultural variants. Importantly, when combined with payoff-biased learning, uncritical maintenance leads to stronger population-level adaptation than uncritical copying or innovation, highlighting the importance of maintenance to cultural selection. This advantage of maintenance as a default learning strategy may help explain why it is a common human behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - José Segovia Martín
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Systèmes Complexes Paris Île-de-France (ISC-PIF), Paris, France
| | - Monica Tamariz
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Fay N, Walker B, Kashima Y, Perfors A. Socially Situated Transmission: The Bias to Transmit Negative Information is Moderated by the Social Context. Cogn Sci 2021; 45:e13033. [PMID: 34490917 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cultural evolutionary theory has identified a range of cognitive biases that guide human social learning. Naturalistic and experimental studies indicate transmission biases favoring negative and positive information. To address these conflicting findings, the present study takes a socially situated view of information transmission, which predicts that bias expression will depend on the social context. We report a large-scale experiment (N = 425) that manipulated the social context and examined its effect on the transmission of the positive and negative information contained in a narrative text. In each social context, information was progressively lost as it was transmitted from person to person, but negative information survived better than positive information, supporting a negative transmission bias. Importantly, the negative transmission bias was moderated by the social context: Higher social connectivity weakened the bias to transmit negative information, supporting a socially situated account of information transmission. Our findings indicate that our evolved cognitive preferences can be moderated by our social goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | | | - Andrew Perfors
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne
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12
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Segovia-Martín J, Walker B, Fay N, Tamariz M. Network Connectivity Dynamics, Cognitive Biases, and the Evolution of Cultural Diversity in Round-Robin Interactive Micro-Societies. Cogn Sci 2021; 44:e12852. [PMID: 32564420 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of cultural variants in a population is shaped by both neutral evolutionary dynamics and by selection pressures. The temporal dynamics of social network connectivity, that is, the order in which individuals in a population interact with each other, has been largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate how, in a fully connected social network, connectivity dynamics, alone and in interaction with different cognitive biases, affect the evolution of cultural variants. Using agent-based computer simulations, we manipulate population connectivity dynamics (early, mid, and late full-population connectivity); content bias, or a preference for high-quality variants; coordination bias, or whether agents tend to use self-produced variants (egocentric bias), or to switch to variants observed in others (allocentric bias); and memory size, or the number of items that agents can store in their memory. We show that connectivity dynamics affect the time-course of variant spread, with lower connectivity slowing down convergence of the population onto a single cultural variant. We also show that, compared to a neutral evolutionary model, content bias accelerates convergence and amplifies the effects of connectivity dynamics, while larger memory size and coordination bias, especially egocentric bias, slow down convergence. Furthermore, connectivity dynamics affect the frequency of high-quality variants (adaptiveness), with late connectivity populations showing bursts of rapid change in adaptiveness followed by periods of relatively slower change, and early connectivity populations following a single-peak evolutionary dynamic. We evaluate our simulations against existing data collected from previous experiments and show how our model reproduces the empirical patterns of convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia
| | - Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia
| | - Monica Tamariz
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University
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13
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Lister CJ, Burtenshaw T, Walker B, Ohan JL, Fay N. A Cross-Sectional Test of Sign Creation by Children in the Gesture and Vocal Modalities. Child Dev 2021; 92:2395-2412. [PMID: 33978241 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Naturalistic studies show that children can create language-like communication systems in the absence of conventional language. However, experimental evidence is mixed. We address this discrepancy using an experimental paradigm that simulates naturalistic sign creation. Specifically, we tested if a sample of 6- to 12-year-old children (52 girls and 56 boys drawn from an urban, predominantly white population in Western Australia) can comprehend and create novel gestural and vocal signs. Experiment 1 tested children's ability to comprehend novel signs. Experiment 2 tested children's ability to create novel signs. Results show that children can comprehend and create gestural and vocal signs, that communication is more successful in the gesture modality, and that older children outperform younger children.
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Abstract
How can people achieve successful communication when using novel signs? Previous studies show that iconic signs (i.e. signs that directly resemble their referent) enhance communication success. In this paper, we test if enculturated signs (i.e. signs informed by interlocutors' shared culture) also enhance communication success. Children, who have spent less time in their linguistic community, have less cultural knowledge to inform their sign innovation. A natural prediction is that younger children's signs will be less enculturated, more diverse and less successful compared with older children and adults. We examined sign innovation in children aged between 6 and 12 years (N = 54) and adults (N = 18). Sign enculturation, diversity and iconicity were rated. As predicted, younger children innovated less enculturated and more diverse signs, and communicated less successfully than older children and adults. Sign enculturation and iconicity uniquely contributed to communication success. This is the first study to demonstrate that enculturated signs enhance communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.J. Lister
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
| | - B. Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
| | - N. Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
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Sharpe H, Claveria-Gonzalez FC, Davidson W, Befus AD, Leung JP, Young E, Walker B. Adult Asthma Diagnosis: Physician Reported Challenges in Alberta-Based Primary Care Practices. SAGE Open Nurs 2020; 6:2377960820925984. [PMID: 33415281 PMCID: PMC7774341 DOI: 10.1177/2377960820925984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An estimated 8.1% of Canadians adults have asthma. While there are challenges
associated with the use of objective measurement of lung function in the
diagnosis of asthma, we are uncertain of the barriers that impact the use of
objective measures, and have limited understanding of the challenges
experienced by primary care providers in diagnosis of asthma. The objectives
of this quality improvement initiative were to identify primary care
providers’ methods of diagnosing asthma and to identify challenges with
diagnosis. Methods An online survey was disseminated using a snowball methodology. Setting Primary care practices in Alberta, Canada. Participants A total of 84 primary care providers completed the survey. Main Outcome Measures Participants were asked their ideal and
sufficient methods for diagnosing asthma and to
identify challenges in their practice related to asthma diagnosis. Results They identified full pulmonary function testing (54%), pre- and
postbronchodilator spirometry (54%), complete history and physical (42%),
peak flow measurement overtime (26%), pulmonary consult (26%), and trial of
asthma medication(s) (23%), as ideal methods of diagnosing asthma. The most
significant barriers to diagnosis included episodic care–care provided
typically during times of worsening symptoms without ongoing
preventative/maintenance care (55%), patient follow-up (44%), conflict
between clinical impression and pulmonary function results (43%), patient
already on asthma medications (43%), and interpreting spirometry/pulmonary
function results (39%). Conclusion The results of this survey indicate that the majority of primary care
providers would choose full pulmonary function testing or pre- and
postbronchodilator spirometry as the ideal methods of diagnosing asthma.
However, barriers related to the nature of asthma care, patient factors, and
challenges with diagnostic testing create challenges. This study also
highlights that primary care providers have adapted to challenges in
leveraging objective measurement and may rely upon other methods for
diagnosis such as trials of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sharpe
- Alberta Health Services.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - F C Claveria-Gonzalez
- Human Neurophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, & Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta
| | - W Davidson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia
| | - A D Befus
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta
| | - J P Leung
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - B Walker
- Alberta Health Services.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
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Micklos A, Walker B, Fay N. Are People Sensitive to Problems in Communication? Cogn Sci 2020; 44:e12816. [PMID: 32062872 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that interpersonal communication is noisy, and that people exhibit considerable insensitivity to problems in communication. Using a dyadic referential communication task, the goal of which is accurate information transfer, this study examined the extent to which interlocutors are sensitive to problems in communication and use other-initiated repairs (OIRs) to address them. Participants were randomly assigned to dyads (N = 88 participants, or 44 dyads) and tried to communicate a series of recurring abstract geometric shapes to a partner across a text-chat interface. Participants alternated between directing (describing shapes) and matching (interpreting shape descriptions) roles across 72 trials of the task. Replicating prior research, over repeated social interactions communication success improved and the shape descriptions became increasingly efficient. In addition, confidence in having successfully communicated the different shapes increased over trials. Importantly, matchers were less confident on trials in which communication was unsuccessful, communication success was lower on trials that contained an OIR compared to those that did not contain an OIR, and OIR trials were associated with lower Director Confidence. This pattern of results demonstrates that (a) interlocutors exhibit (a degree of) sensitivity to problems in communication, (b) they appropriately use OIRs to address problems in communication, and (c) OIRs signal problems in communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Micklos
- Language and Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.,Linguistics Department, University of California San Diego
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia
| | - Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia
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Noble RMN, Salim SY, Walker B, Khadaroo RG, Chiarella AB, Gragasin FS, Bourque SL. Survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Propofol and Intralipid in the Dead Space of Intravenous Injection Ports. Anesth Analg 2020; 129:e20-e22. [PMID: 29200074 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether propofol or Intralipid inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis would promote bacterial growth within an intravenous (IV) injection hub, a site prone to bacterial contamination. In tubes incubated under optimal conditions, S epidermidis exhibited growth in Intralipid, but not in propofol. In contrast, within the IV hub incubated with either propofol or intralipid at room temperature, S epidermidis bacterial numbers declined with time, and virtually no contamination remained after 12 hours. These data suggest that certain IV lines are inhospitable for S epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Y Salim
- Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Clayton K, Stuart H, Mylvaganam G, Villasmil Ocando A, Maus M, Walker B. HIV-infected macrophages evade NK cell-mediated killing while driving inflammation. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Funderburk K, Parmer S, Struempler B, Walker B, Hofer R. Formative Evaluation of a Social Marketing Campaign in Alabama Promoting Nutrition and Physical Activity to a Limited-Resource Audience. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Baiyegunhi O, Mann J, Nkosi T, Pansegrou J, Dong K, Ndungu T, Walker B, Ndhlovu Z. High HIV viral burden persists in CXCR3+TFH despite very early cART initiation. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Herrera AM, Brand P, Cavada G, Koppmann A, Rivas M, Mackenney J, Sepúlveda H, Wevar ME, Cruzat L, Soto S, Pérez MA, León A, Contreras I, Alvarez C, Walker B, Flores C, Lezana V, Garrido C, Herrera ME, Rojas A, Andrades C, Chala E, Martínez RA, Vega M, Perillán JA, Seguel H, Przybyzsweski I. Treatment, outcomes and costs of asthma exacerbations in Chilean children: a prospective multicenter observational study. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:282-288. [PMID: 30595390 PMCID: PMC7125869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe potential regional variations in therapies for severe asthma exacerbations in Chilean children and estimate the associated health expenditures. METHODS Observational prospective cohort study in 14 hospitals over a one-year period. Children five years of age or older were eligible for inclusion. Days with oxygen supply and pharmacological treatments received were recorded from the clinical chart. A basic asthma hospitalization basket was defined in order to estimate the average hospitalization cost for a single patient. Six months after discharge, new visits to the Emergency Room (ER), use of systemic corticosteroids and adherence to the controller treatment were evaluated. RESULTS 396 patients were enrolled. Patients from the public health system and from the north zone received significantly more days of oxygen, systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics. Great heterogeneity in antibiotic use among the participating hospitals was found, from 0 to 92.3% (ICC 0.34, 95% CI 0.16-0.52). The use of aminophylline, magnesium sulfate and ketamine varied from 0 to 36.4% between the different Pediatric Intensive Care Units (ICC 0.353, 95% CI 0.010-0.608). The average cost per inpatient was of $1910 USD. 290 patients (73.2%) completed the follow-up six months after discharge. 76 patients (26.2%) were not receiving any controller treatment and nearly a fourth had new ER visits and use of systemic corticosteroids due to new asthma exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS Considerable practice variation in asthma exacerbations treatment was found among the participating hospitals, highlighting the poor outcome of many patients after hospital discharge, with an important health cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Herrera
- Santa María Clinic, Santa María 500, Santiago, Zip Code 7520378 Región Metropolitana, Chile; School of Medicine, Los Andes University, Monseñor Alvaro del Portillo 12455, Santiago, Zip Code 7620001 Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - P Brand
- Isala Women's and Children's Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - G Cavada
- School of Medicine, Finis Terrae University, Av Providencia 1509, Santiago, Zip Code 7501015 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - A Koppmann
- San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Av Santa Rosa 1234, Santiago, Zip Code 8360160 Región Metropolitana, Chile; School of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - M Rivas
- San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Av Santa Rosa 1234, Santiago, Zip Code 8360160 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - J Mackenney
- Roberto del Río Hospital, Av Profesor Zañartu 1085, Santiago, Zip Code 8380418 Región Metropolitana, Chile; School of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - H Sepúlveda
- Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Av Antonio Varas 360, Santiago, Zip Code 7500539 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - M E Wevar
- Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Av Antonio Varas 360, Santiago, Zip Code 7500539 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - L Cruzat
- Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Av Antonio Varas 360, Santiago, Zip Code 7500539 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - S Soto
- Concepción Regional Hospital, San Martín 1436, Concepción, Zip Code 4070038 Región del Bío Bío, Chile
| | - M A Pérez
- Santa María Clinic, Santa María 500, Santiago, Zip Code 7520378 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - A León
- Santa María Clinic, Santa María 500, Santiago, Zip Code 7520378 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - I Contreras
- Padre Hurtado Hospital, Esperanza 2150, Santiago, Zip Code 8880465 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - C Alvarez
- Alemana Clinic, Av Vitacura 5951, Santiago, Zip Code 7650568 Región Metropolitana, Chile; School of Medicine, Desarrollo University, Av Las Condes 12496, Santiago, Zip Code 7590943 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - B Walker
- Alemana Clinic, Av Vitacura 5951, Santiago, Zip Code 7650568 Región Metropolitana, Chile; School of Medicine, Desarrollo University, Av Las Condes 12496, Santiago, Zip Code 7590943 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - C Flores
- Ovalle Hospital, Ariztía Pte. 7, Ovalle, Zip Code 1842054 Región de Coquimbo, Chile
| | - V Lezana
- Gustavo Fricke Hospital, Av Alvarez 1532, Viña del Mar, Zip Code 2570017 Región de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Garrido
- Gustavo Fricke Hospital, Av Alvarez 1532, Viña del Mar, Zip Code 2570017 Región de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M E Herrera
- José Joaquín Aguirre Hospital, Santos Dumont 999, Santiago, Zip Code 8380456 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - A Rojas
- José Joaquín Aguirre Hospital, Santos Dumont 999, Santiago, Zip Code 8380456 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - C Andrades
- Valdivia Hospital, Coronel Santiago Bueras y Avaria 1003, Valdivia, Zip Code 5090146 Región de los Ríos, Chile
| | - E Chala
- Fusat Hospital, Carretera el Cobre Presidente Frei Montalva 1002, Zip Code 2820945 Rancagua, VI Región, Chile; School of Medicine, Los Andes University, Monseñor Alvaro del Portillo 12455, Santiago, Zip Code 7620001 Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - R A Martínez
- Fusat Hospital, Carretera el Cobre Presidente Frei Montalva 1002, Zip Code 2820945 Rancagua, VI Región, Chile
| | - M Vega
- Leonardo Guzmán Hospital, Veintiuno de Mayo 1310, Zip Code 1271847 Antofagasta, Región de Antofagasta, Chile
| | - J A Perillán
- San Juan De Dios Hospital, Huérfanos 3255, Zip Code 8350488 Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile; School of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - H Seguel
- San Juan De Dios Hospital, Huérfanos 3255, Zip Code 8350488 Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - I Przybyzsweski
- San Juan De Dios Hospital, Huérfanos 3255, Zip Code 8350488 Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Herrera A, Brand P, Cavada G, Koppmann A, Rivas M, Mackenney J, Sepúlveda H, Wevar M, Cruzat L, Soto S, Pérez M, León A, Contreras I, Alvarez C, Walker B, Flores C, Lezana V, Garrido C, Herrera M, Rojas A, Andrades C, Chala E, Martínez R, Vega M, Perillán J, Seguel H, Przybyzsweski I. Hospitalizations for asthma exacerbation in Chilean children: A multicenter observational study. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018; 46:533-538. [PMID: 29720350 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma hospitalization rates in Chilean children have increased in the last 14 years, but little is known about the factors associated with this. OBJECTIVE Describe clinical characteristics of children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation. METHODS Observational prospective cohort study in 14 hospitals. Over a one-year period, children five years of age or older hospitalized with asthma exacerbation were eligible for inclusion. Parents completed an online questionnaire with questions on demographic information, about asthma, indoor environmental contaminant exposure, comorbidities and beliefs about disease and treatment. Disease control was assessed by the Asthma Control Test. Inhalation technique was observed using a checklist. RESULTS 396 patients were enrolled. 168 children did not have an established diagnosis of asthma. Only 188 used at least one controller treatment at the time of hospitalization. 208 parents said they believed their child had asthma only when they had an exacerbation and 97 correctly identified inhaled corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory treatment. 342 patients used the wrong spacer and 73 correctly performed all steps of the checklist. CONCLUSIONS Almost half of the patients were not diagnosed with asthma at the time of hospitalization despite having a medical history suggestive of the disease. In the remaining patients with an established diagnosis of asthma potentially modifiable factors like bad adherence to treatment and poor inhalation technique were found. Implementing a nationwide asthma program including continued medical education for the correct diagnosis and follow up of these patients and asthma education for patients and caregivers is needed to reduce asthma hospitalization rates in Chilean children.
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Huang T, Walker B, Huang C, Arnett C. "Morphogenetic mapping” with time lapse imaging: a new concept to non-invasively assess blastocyst quality based on blastocyst expansion kinetics analysis in PGD-A cycles. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fay N, Walker B, Swoboda N, Umata I, Fukaya T, Katagiri Y, Garrod S. Universal Principles of Human Communication: Preliminary Evidence From a Cross-cultural Communication Game. Cogn Sci 2018; 42:2397-2413. [PMID: 30051508 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study points to several potentially universal principles of human communication. Pairs of participants, sampled from culturally and linguistically distinct societies (Western and Japanese, N = 108: 16 Western-Western, 15 Japanese-Japanese and 23 Western-Japanese dyads), played a dyadic communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of experimenter-specified items to a partner by drawing, but without speaking or using letters or numbers. This paradigm forced participants to create a novel communication system. A range of similar communication behaviors were observed among the within-culture groups (Western-Western and Japanese-Japanese) and the across-culture group (Western-Japanese): They (a) used iconic signs to bootstrap successful communication, (b) addressed breakdowns in communication using other-initiated repairs, (c) simplified their communication behavior over repeated social interactions, and (d) aligned their communication behavior over repeated social interactions. While the across-culture Western-Japanese dyads found the task more challenging, and cultural differences in communication behavior were observed, the same basic findings applied across all groups. Our findings, which rely on two distinct cultural and linguistic groups, offer preliminary evidence for several universal principles of human communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Nik Swoboda
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Ichiro Umata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University.,KDDI Research, Inc
| | | | | | - Simon Garrod
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow
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Fay N, Ellison TM, Tylén K, Fusaroli R, Walker B, Garrod S. Applying the cultural ratchet to a social artefact: The cumulative cultural evolution of a language game. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Niel K, Mandrell B, Wise M, Walker B, Indelicato D, Merchant T, McLaughlin Crabtree V. 0845 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Impacts QOL in Pediatric Craniopharyngioma. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Niel
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - B Mandrell
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - M Wise
- Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, Memphis, TN
| | - B Walker
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - D Indelicato
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL
| | - T Merchant
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Gounder K, Naidoo V, Padayachi N, Mthethwa Q, Dilernia D, Hunter E, Walker B, Ndung’u T. A20 Deep sequencing reveals viral evolution in GAG within protective HLA Alleles B*57: 02, B*58: 01, and B*7 supertype individuals acutely infected with HIV-1 subtype C in Durban, South Africa. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905507 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Gounder
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH)
| | - V Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH)
| | - N Padayachi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH)
| | - Q Mthethwa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH)
| | - D Dilernia
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Ndung’u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH)
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Fay N, Walker B, Swoboda N, Garrod S. How to Create Shared Symbols. Cogn Sci 2018; 42 Suppl 1:241-269. [PMID: 29457653 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human cognition and behavior are dominated by symbol use. This paper examines the social learning strategies that give rise to symbolic communication. Experiment 1 contrasts an individual-level account, based on observational learning and cognitive bias, with an inter-individual account, based on social coordinative learning. Participants played a referential communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of recurring meanings to a partner by drawing, but without using their conventional language. Individual-level learning, via observation and cognitive bias, was sufficient to produce signs that became increasingly effective, efficient, and shared over games. However, breaking a referential precedent eliminated these benefits. The most effective, most efficient, and most shared signs arose when participants could directly interact with their partner, indicating that social coordinative learning is important to the creation of shared symbols. Experiment 2 investigated the contribution of two distinct aspects of social interaction: behavior alignment and concurrent partner feedback. Each played a complementary role in the creation of shared symbols: Behavior alignment primarily drove communication effectiveness, and partner feedback primarily drove the efficiency of the evolved signs. In conclusion, inter-individual social coordinative learning is important to the evolution of effective, efficient, and shared symbols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Bradley Walker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Nik Swoboda
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Madrid
| | - Simon Garrod
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow
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Yang E, Fan L, Yan J, Jiang Y, Doucette C, Fillmore S, Walker B. Influence of culture media, pH and temperature on growth and bacteriocin production of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria. AMB Express 2018; 8:10. [PMID: 29368243 PMCID: PMC5783981 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been continued interest in bacteriocins research from an applied perspective as bacteriocins have potential to be used as natural preservative. Four bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains of Lactobacillus curvatus (Arla-10), Enterococcus faecium (JFR-1), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (JFR-5) and Streptococcus thermophilus (TSB-8) were previously isolated and identified in our lab. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal growth conditions for both LAB growth and bacteriocins production. In this study, various growth conditions including culture media (MRS and BHI), initial pH of culture media (4.5, 5.5, 6.2, 7.4 and 8.5), and incubation temperatures (20, 37 and 44 °C) were investigated for LAB growth measured as optical density (OD), bacteriocin activity determined as arbitrary unit and viability of LAB expressed as log CFU ml-1. Growth curves of the bacteriocinogenic LAB were generated using a Bioscreen C. Our results indicated that Arla-10, JFR-1, and JFR-5 strains grew well on both MRS and BHI media at growth temperature tested whereas TSB-8 strain, unable to grow at 20 °C. LAB growth was significantly affected by the initial pH of culture media (p < 0.001) and the optimal pH was found ranging from 6.2 to 8.5. Bacteriocin activity was significantly different in MRS versus BHI (p < 0.001), and the optimal condition for LAB to produce bacteriocins was determined in MRS broth, pH 6.2 at 37 °C. This study provides useful information on potential application of bacteriocinogenic LAB in food fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Lihua Fan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Jinping Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Craig Doucette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Sherry Fillmore
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Bradley Walker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
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Clayton K, Collins D, Lengieza J, Lieberman J, Walker B. Intrinsic resistance of HIV-infected macrophages to CTL-mediated killing drives immune activation. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Garrod R, Harding S, Head J, Jepson A, Minowa-Astridge K, Walker B, Shannon H. Opportunities and challenges of using an action learning set to enhance leadership development: a pilot evaluative study. Physiotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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de Sousa Sena R, Ahmed S, Tan WC, Li PZ, Labonté L, Aaron SD, Benedetti A, Chapman KR, Walker B, Fitzgerald JM, Hernandez P, Maltais F, Marciniuk DD, O'Donnell DE, Sin DD, Bourbeau J. Work productivity loss in mild to moderate COPD: lessons learned from the CanCOLD study. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/3/1701154. [PMID: 28899939 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01154-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riany de Sousa Sena
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wan C Tan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pei Z Li
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Labonté
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Benedetti
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - B Walker
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - François Maltais
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Don D Sin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Walker B, Flynn S, Johnson R. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF HEALTH IN MOTION© FALLS SCREENING TOOL. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Walker
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - S. Flynn
- Blue Marble Game Company, Los Angeles, California,
| | - R. Johnson
- Blue Marble Game Company, Los Angeles, California,
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Robb C, Moffitt K, Ferguson T, McCafferty D, Downey D, Walker B. 217 An investigation into neutrophil elastase quantification using basic sputum processing techniques suitable for use in a clinical setting. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Krishna R, Gheyas F, Liu Y, Hagen DR, Walker B, Chawla A, Cote J, Blaustein RO, Gutstein DE. Chronic Administration of Anacetrapib Is Associated With Accumulation in Adipose and Slow Elimination. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:832-840. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Krishna
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - F Gheyas
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - Y Liu
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - DR Hagen
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - B Walker
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - A Chawla
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - J Cote
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
| | | | - DE Gutstein
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc.; Kenilworth New Jersey
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Niel K, Mandrell B, Wise M, Walker B, Indelicato D, Merchant T, Crabtree V. 0955 EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS PERSISTS OVER TIME IN PEDIATRIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rahman MM, Walker B, Roy BC, McMullen L, Bruce HL. Effect of Carcass Management on Horse Meat Quality. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2017.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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38
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Story PG, Walker B. A low-cost, do-it-yourself data-logging system to record animal activity in laboratory and small-enclosure experiments. Aust Mammalogy 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/am16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing cost of prepackaged research equipment and restrictions on research budgets, there is a growing need for inexpensive solutions for data collection in laboratory and small enclosures across a range of research topics investigating responses of animals to experimental parameters. We present here a low-cost, modular passive infrared sensor and data-logging system for use in experiments evaluating animal activity and behaviour, easily assembled in a laboratory setting. This system comprises accessible kit-based components purchased from popular electronics suppliers. We present the hardware configuration, software coding, build of materials, circuit diagram and a sample dataset demonstrating that the system collects reliable data that is easily downloaded either through any terminal program, directly from the unit or via an SD card. It is hoped that this ‘freeware’ approach to activity-monitoring equipment will enable laboratory and enclosure-based research to be undertaken more cost-effectively.
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Steier J, Cade N, Walker B, Moxham J, Jolley CJ. S23 Neural respiratory drive during sleep at high altitude. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Moorcraft S, Gonzalez De Castro D, Cunningham D, Walker B, Jones T, Peckitt C, Wilson SH, Wotherspoon A, Te Mendes LS, Begum R, Eltahir Z, Yuan L, Gillbanks A, Baratelli C, Valeri N, Gerlinger M, Braconi C, Chau I, Watkins D, Starling N. Investigating the feasibility of precision medicine in gastrointestinal cancers. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw371.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Lee W, Tay A, Walker B, Subbiah R. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shock Reduction Programming Does not Reduce Likelihood of Cardiac Transplantation in Heart Failure Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Robb C, Moffitt K, Ferguson T, Walker B, Elborn J. 45 Development of a novel ProteaseTag™ immunoassay for the detection and measurement of cathepsin G in adult cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Walker B, Radtke J, Petry G, Swader R, Chen G, Eliceiri K, Mackie T. MO-AB-BRA-08: A Modular Multi-Source X-Ray Tube for Novel Computed Tomography Applications. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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44
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Beaver K, Williamson S, Sutton C, Hollingworth W, Gardner A, Allton B, Abdel-Aty M, Blackwood K, Burns S, Curwen D, Ghani R, Keating P, Murray S, Tomlinson A, Walker B, Willett M, Wood N, Martin-Hirsch P. Comparing hospital and telephone follow-up for patients treated for stage-I endometrial cancer (ENDCAT trial): a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority trial. BJOG 2016; 124:150-160. [PMID: 27062690 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led telephone follow-up (TFU) for patients with stage-I endometrial cancer. DESIGN Multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial. SETTING Five centres in the North West of England. SAMPLE A cohort of 259 women treated for stage-I endometrial cancer attending hospital outpatient clinics for routine follow-up. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to receive traditional hospital based follow-up (HFU) or nurse-led TFU. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were psychological morbidity (State Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-S) and patient satisfaction with the information provided. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction with service, quality of life, and time to detection of recurrence. RESULTS The STAI-S scores post-randomisation were similar between groups [mean (SD): TFU 33.0 (11.0); HFU 35.5 (13.0)]. The estimated between-group difference in STAI-S was 0.7 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI -1.9 to 3.3); the confidence interval lies above the non-inferiority limit (-3.5), indicating the non-inferiority of TFU. There was no significant difference between groups in reported satisfaction with information (odds ratio, OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.4-2.1; P = 0.83). Women in the HFU group were more likely to report being kept waiting for their appointment (P = 0.001), that they did not need any information (P = 0.003), and were less likely to report that the nurse knew about their particular case and situation (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The TFU provides an effective alternative to HFU for patients with stage-I endometrial cancer, with no reported physical or psychological detriment. Patient satisfaction with information was high, with similar levels between groups. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT ENDCAT trial shows effectiveness of nurse-led telephone follow-up for patients with stage-I endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beaver
- School of Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - S Williamson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - C Sutton
- Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - W Hollingworth
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Gardner
- Women's Health Research Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - B Allton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | - M Abdel-Aty
- Gynaecology Department, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley, UK
| | - K Blackwood
- Women's Healthcare Unit, Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Hanover Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Wigan, UK
| | - S Burns
- Women's Healthcare Unit, Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Hanover Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Wigan, UK
| | - D Curwen
- Gynaecological Unit, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, UK
| | - R Ghani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | - P Keating
- Women's Health Directorate, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - S Murray
- Women's Health Directorate, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - A Tomlinson
- Corporate Cancer Team, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - B Walker
- Gynaecology Department, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley, UK
| | - M Willett
- Gynaecology Department, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley, UK
| | - N Wood
- Women's Health Directorate, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - P Martin-Hirsch
- Women's Health Directorate, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
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Massaly N, Ream A, Hipolito L, Wilson-Poe A, Walker B, Bruchas M, Moron-Concepcion J. (323) Kappa opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens mediate pain-induced decrease in motivated behavior. The Journal of Pain 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.01.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gratwicke B, Ross H, Batista A, Chaves G, Crawford AJ, Elizondo L, Estrada A, Evans M, Garelle D, Guerrel J, Hertz A, Hughey M, Jaramillo CA, Klocke B, Mandica M, Medina D, Richards‐Zawacki CL, Ryan MJ, Sosa‐Bartuano A, Voyles J, Walker B, Woodhams DC, Ibáñez R. Evaluating the probability of avoiding disease‐related extinctions of Panamanian amphibians through captive breeding programs. Anim Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Gratwicke
- Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Washington DC USA
| | - H. Ross
- Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
| | - A. Batista
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - G. Chaves
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - A. J. Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
- Círculo Herpetológico de Panamá Panama Republic of Panama
| | - L. Elizondo
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Panamá Panama Republic of Panama
| | - A. Estrada
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - M. Evans
- Reptile Discovery Center Smithsonian's National Zoological Park Washington DC USA
| | - D. Garelle
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Colorado Springs CO USA
| | - J. Guerrel
- Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
| | - A. Hertz
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity Biologicum Goethe‐University Frankfurt Germany
| | - M. Hughey
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - C. A. Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
- Círculo Herpetológico de Panamá Panama Republic of Panama
- Departamento de Histología y Neuroanatomía Humana Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Panamá Panama Republic of Panama
- Biodiversity Consultant Group Panama Republic of Panama
| | - B. Klocke
- Department of Biology George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - M. Mandica
- Department of Research and Conservation Atlanta Botanical Garden Atlanta GA USA
| | - D. Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - C. L. Richards‐Zawacki
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - M. J. Ryan
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| | | | | | - B. Walker
- Biodiversity Consultant Group Panama Republic of Panama
| | - D. C. Woodhams
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA
| | - R. Ibáñez
- Círculo Herpetológico de Panamá Panama Republic of Panama
- Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Republic of Panama
- Departamento de Zoología Universidad de Panamá Panama Republic of Panama
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Walker B, Scott GD. Grazing Experiments at Ukiriguru, Tanzania: I. Comparisons of Rotational and Continuous Grazing Systems on Natural Pastures of Hardpan Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00128325.1968.11662300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Walker
- Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - G. D. Scott
- Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Moffitt KL, Martin SL, Chalmers J, Walker B. P102 Development of a Novel Assay for the Detection of Active Neutrophil Elastase in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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49
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Shen BW, Walker B, Lambert A, Stoddard BL, Kaiser BK. The structural basis of asymmetry in DNA recognition and catalysis: binding and cleavage by the I-SmaMI meganuclease. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315096163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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50
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Walker B, Schmid E, Russo A, Schmidt EM, Burk O, Münzer P, Velic A, Macek B, Schaller M, Schwab M, Seabra MC, Gawaz M, Lang F, Borst O. Impact of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 on platelet dense granule biogenesis and secretion. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1325-34. [PMID: 25944668 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet secretion is critical to development of acute thrombotic occlusion. Platelet dense granules contain a variety of important hemostatically active substances. Nevertheless, biogenesis of platelet granules is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) has been shown to be highly expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes, but its role in the regulation of platelet granule biogenesis and its impact on thrombosis has not been investigated so far. METHODS AND RESULTS Electron microscopy analysis of the platelet ultrastructure revealed a significant reduction in the number and packing of dense granules in platelets lacking SGK1 (sgk1(-/-) ). In sgk1(-/-) platelets serotonin content was significantly reduced and activation-dependent secretion of ATP, serotonin and CD63 significantly impaired. In vivo adhesion after carotis ligation was significantly decreased in platelets lacking SGK1 and occlusive thrombus formation after FeCl3 -induced vascular injury was significantly diminished in sgk1(-/-) mice. Transcript levels and protein abundance of dense granule biogenesis regulating GTPase Rab27b were significantly reduced in sgk1(-/-) platelets without affecting Rab27b mRNA stability. In MEG-01 cells transfection with constitutively active (S422) (D) SGK1 but not with inactive (K127) (N) SGK1 significantly enhanced Rab27b mRNA levels. Sgk1(-/-) megakaryocytes show significantly reduced expression of Rab27b and serotonin/CD63 levels compared with sgk1(+/+) megakaryocytes. Proteome analysis identified nine further vesicular transport proteins regulated by SGK1, which may have an impact on impaired platelet granule biogenesis in sgk1(-/-) platelets independent of Rab27b. CONCLUSIONS The present observations identify SGK1 as a novel powerful regulator of platelet dense granule biogenesis, platelet secretion and thrombus formation. SGK1 is at least partially effective because it regulates transcription of Rab27b in megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Walker
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Russo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E-M Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - O Burk
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Münzer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Velic
- Proteom Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - B Macek
- Proteom Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Schwab
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M C Seabra
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - O Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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