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Van Leeuwen TE, Cote D, Pretty C, Townley J, Poole R, Dempson B, Bird TJ, Kippenhuck C, Morris C. Incursions of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in Labrador waters: Episodic events or evidence of a northward range expansion? J Fish Biol 2021; 99:2066-2070. [PMID: 34520048 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe observations of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) incursions into Labrador, Canada. While P. marinus have been periodically observed in similar latitudes, their numbers have conspicuously increased in estuarine environments in 2020. In contrast, M. saxatilis were not observed from Labrador until 2017 but appear to be declining after the initial surge in abundance that peaked in 2018. It remains unclear whether spawning populations of either species exist. Given the potential to negatively affect species of commercial and cultural importance through predation, follow-up surveys are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Cote
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada/Ecological Sciences, St John's, Canada
| | - Christina Pretty
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada/Ecological Sciences, St John's, Canada
| | - Joseph Townley
- Nunatsiavut Government/Lands and Natural Resources, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Canada
| | - Rebecca Poole
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada/Ecological Sciences, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Canada
| | - Brian Dempson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada/Ecological Sciences, St John's, Canada
| | - Tomas J Bird
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada/Ecological Sciences, St John's, Canada
| | - Charlene Kippenhuck
- NunatuKavut Community Council/Environment and Natural Resources, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Canada
| | - Corey Morris
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada/Ecological Sciences, St John's, Canada
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Layton KKS, Dempson B, Snelgrove PVR, Duffy SJ, Messmer AM, Paterson IG, Jeffery NW, Kess T, Horne JB, Salisbury SJ, Ruzzante DE, Bentzen P, Côté D, Nugent CM, Ferguson MM, Leong JS, Koop BF, Bradbury IR. Resolving fine-scale population structure and fishery exploitation using sequenced microsatellites in a northern fish. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1055-1068. [PMID: 32431752 PMCID: PMC7232759 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The resiliency of populations and species to environmental change is dependent on the maintenance of genetic diversity, and as such, quantifying diversity is central to combating ongoing widespread reductions in biodiversity. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, several methods now exist for resolving fine-scale population structure, but the comparative performance of these methods for genetic assignment has rarely been tested. Here, we evaluate the performance of sequenced microsatellites and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to resolve fine-scale population structure in a critically important salmonid in north eastern Canada, Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We also assess the utility of sequenced microsatellites for fisheries applications by quantifying the spatial scales of movement and exploitation through genetic assignment of fishery samples to rivers of origin and comparing these results with a 29-year tagging dataset. Self-assignment and simulation-based analyses of 111 genome-wide microsatellite loci and 500 informative SNPs from 28 populations of Arctic Charr in north-eastern Canada identified largely river-specific genetic structure. Despite large differences (~4X) in the number of loci surveyed between panels, mean self-assignment accuracy was similar with the microsatellite loci and the SNP panel (>90%). Subsequent analysis of 996 fishery-collected samples using the microsatellite panel revealed that larger rivers contribute greater numbers of individuals to the fishery and that coastal fisheries largely exploit individuals originating from nearby rivers, corroborating results from traditional tagging experiments. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of sequence-based microsatellite genotyping to advance understanding of fine-scale population structure and harvest composition in northern and understudied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara K. S. Layton
- Department of Ocean SciencesMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNLCanada
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Brian Dempson
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Paul V. R. Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean SciencesMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Steven J. Duffy
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Amber M. Messmer
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
| | | | - Nicholas W. Jeffery
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
| | - Tony Kess
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - John B. Horne
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSouthwest Fisheries Science CenterLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | - Paul Bentzen
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - David Côté
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
| | | | | | - Jong S. Leong
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
| | - Ben F. Koop
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
- Centre for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
| | - Ian R. Bradbury
- Department of Ocean SciencesMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNLCanada
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNLCanada
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
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Bradbury IR, Hamilton LC, Dempson B, Robertson MJ, Bourret V, Bernatchez L, Verspoor E. Transatlantic secondary contact in Atlantic Salmon, comparing microsatellites, a single nucleotide polymorphism array and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing for the resolution of complex spatial structure. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5130-44. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Bradbury
- Science Branch; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 80 East White Hills Road St. John's Newfoundland Canada A1C 5X1
| | - Lorraine C. Hamilton
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Dartmouth Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A2
| | - Brian Dempson
- Science Branch; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 80 East White Hills Road St. John's Newfoundland Canada A1C 5X1
| | - Martha J. Robertson
- Science Branch; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 80 East White Hills Road St. John's Newfoundland Canada A1C 5X1
| | - Vincent Bourret
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Québec Canada G1V 0A6
- Direction de la faune aquatique; Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs; Québec Québec Canada G1S 4X4
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Direction de la faune aquatique; Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs; Québec Québec Canada G1S 4X4
| | - Eric Verspoor
- Rivers and Lochs Institute; Inverness College University of the Highlands and Islands; Inverness IV2 5NA UK
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Otero J, L'Abée-Lund JH, Castro-Santos T, Leonardsson K, Storvik GO, Jonsson B, Dempson B, Russell IC, Jensen AJ, Baglinière JL, Dionne M, Armstrong JD, Romakkaniemi A, Letcher BH, Kocik JF, Erkinaro J, Poole R, Rogan G, Lundqvist H, Maclean JC, Jokikokko E, Arnekleiv JV, Kennedy RJ, Niemelä E, Caballero P, Music PA, Antonsson T, Gudjonsson S, Veselov AE, Lamberg A, Groom S, Taylor BH, Taberner M, Dillane M, Arnason F, Horton G, Hvidsten NA, Jonsson IR, Jonsson N, McKelvey S, Naesje TF, Skaala O, Smith GW, Saegrov H, Stenseth NC, Vøllestad LA. Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:61-75. [PMID: 23966281 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater ('parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water ('smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Otero
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo, N-0316, Norway
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Gantner N, Muir DC, Power M, Iqaluk D, Reist JD, Babaluk JA, Meili M, Borg H, Hammar J, Michaud W, Dempson B, Solomon KR. Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part II: influence of lake biotic and abiotic characteristics on geographic trends in 27 populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2010; 29:633-643. [PMID: 20821488 DOI: 10.1002/etc.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among-lake variation in mercury (Hg) concentrations in landlocked Arctic char was examined in 27 char populations from remote lakes across the Canadian Arctic. A total of 520 landlocked Arctic char were collected from 27 lakes, as well as sediments and surface water from a subset of lakes in 1999, 2002, and 2005 to 2007. Size, length, age, and trophic position (delta(15)N) of individual char were determined and relationships with total Hg (THg) concentrations investigated, to identify a common covariate for adjustment using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). A subset of 216 char from 24 populations was used for spatial comparison, after length-adjustment. The influence of trophic position and food web length and abiotic characteristics such as location, geomorphology, lake area, catchment area, catchment-to-lake area ratio of the lakes on adjusted THg concentrations in char muscle tissue were then evaluated. Arctic char from Amituk Lake (Cornwallis Island) had the highest Hg concentrations (1.31 microg/g wet wt), while Tessisoak Lake (Labrador, 0.07 microg/g wet wt) had the lowest. Concentrations of THg were positively correlated with size, delta(15)N, and age, respectively, in 88, 71, and 58% of 24 char populations. Length and delta(15)N were correlated in 67% of 24 char populations. Food chain length did not explain the differences in length-adjusted THg concentrations in char. No relationships between adjusted THg concentrations in char and latitude or longitude were found, however, THg concentrations in char showed a positive correlation with catchment-to-lake area ratio. Furthermore, we conclude that inputs from the surrounding environment may influence THg concentrations, and will ultimately affect THg concentrations in char as a result of predicted climate-driven changes that may occur in Arctic lake watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Gantner
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Conejeros P, Phan A, Power M, Alekseyev S, O'Connell M, Dempson B, Dixon B. MH class IIalpha polymorphism in local and global adaptation of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Immunogenetics 2008; 60:325-37. [PMID: 18488215 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arctic charr, a highly plastic salmonid that inhabits the circumpolar region, colonized its current environment after the last glaciation. Recent colonization limits the capacity of many techniques to define and characterize constituent populations. As a novel approach, we used the major histocompatibility (MH) class IIalpha gene polymorphism as a marker that would characterize the genetic divergence of global Arctic charr populations caused by drift and by local adaptation to pathogens. We were able to detect significant isolation of all the lineages previously defined by mitochondrial DNA sequencing and also isolation of some populations within those groups. We found that most of the polymorphism of the class IIalpha gene was distributed globally, which indicates ancestral selection; however, in most cases, distinctive allele frequencies and specific haplotypes distinguished each population suggesting that recent selection has also occurred. Although all studied populations showed similar MH class IIalpha polymorphisms, we also found variation in which particular amino acid positions were polymorphic and which were constant in the different populations studied. This variation provides a greater adaptive capacity for the MH class IIalpha receptors in Arctic charr and is yet another illustration of the extraordinary plasticity of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Conejeros
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
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