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Sandborn WJ, Nguyen DD, Beattie DT, Brassil P, Krey W, Woo J, Situ E, Sana R, Sandvik E, Pulido-Rios MT, Bhandari R, Leighton JA, Ganeshappa R, Boyle DL, Abhyankar B, Kleinschek MA, Graham RA, Panes J. Development of Gut-Selective Pan-Janus Kinase Inhibitor TD-1473 for Ulcerative Colitis: A Translational Medicine Programme. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1202-1213. [PMID: 32161949 PMCID: PMC7493219 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oral systemic pan-Janus kinase [JAK] inhibition is effective for ulcerative colitis [UC] but is limited by toxicities. We describe preclinical to clinical translation of TD-1473-an oral gut-selective pan-JAK inhibitor-from in vitro characterization through a Phase 1b study in patients with UC. METHODS TD-1473 JAK inhibition potency was evaluated in vitro; plasma pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy were assessed in mice. In a first-time-in-human study, plasma pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed after single and multiple [14 days] ascending doses administered orally to healthy subjects. The Phase 1b study randomized patients with moderately to severely active UC to receive once-daily oral TD-1473 20, 80 or 270 mg, or placebo for 28 days. Plasma and colonic tissue concentrations were measured; safety was assessed; and efficacy was evaluated by UC clinical parameters, disease-surrogate biomarkers, endoscopy, histology and colonic tissue JAK signalling. RESULTS TD-1473 exhibited potent pan-JAK inhibitory activity in vitro. Oral TD-1473 administration to mice achieved high, biologically active colonic tissue concentrations with low plasma exposure and decreased oxazolone-induced colitis activity without reducing blood cell counts vs placebo. TD-1473 administration in healthy human subjects and patients with UC yielded low plasma exposure and was generally well tolerated; treatment in patients with UC resulted in biologically active colonic tissue concentrations and descriptive trends toward reduced clinical, endoscopic and histological disease activity vs placebo. CONCLUSION Gut-selective pan-JAK inhibition with TD-1473 administration resulted in high intestinal vs plasma drug exposure, local target engagement, and trends toward reduced UC disease activity. [Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02657122, NCT02818686].
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Corresponding author: William J. Sandborn, MD, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0956, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel: 858-657-5331; Fax: 858-657-5022;
| | | | | | | | - Whitney Krey
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacky Woo
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva Situ
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reuben Sana
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik Sandvik
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David L Boyle
- Biomarker Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julian Panes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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Sands BE, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Loftus EV, Danese S, Colombel JF, Törüner M, Jonaitis L, Abhyankar B, Chen J, Rogers R, Lirio RA, Bornstein JD, Schreiber S. Vedolizumab versus Adalimumab for Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1215-1226. [PMID: 31553834 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1905725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic therapies are widely used in patients with ulcerative colitis. Head-to-head trials of these therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are lacking. METHODS In a phase 3b, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized trial conducted at 245 centers in 34 countries, we compared vedolizumab with adalimumab in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis to determine whether vedolizumab was superior. Previous exposure to a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor other than adalimumab was allowed in up to 25% of patients. The patients were assigned to receive infusions of 300 mg of vedolizumab on day 1 and at weeks 2, 6, 14, 22, 30, 38, and 46 (plus injections of placebo) or subcutaneous injections of 40 mg of adalimumab, with a total dose of 160 mg at week 1, 80 mg at week 2, and 40 mg every 2 weeks thereafter until week 50 (plus infusions of placebo). Dose escalation was not permitted in either group. The primary outcome was clinical remission at week 52 (defined as a total score of ≤2 on the Mayo scale [range, 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more severe disease] and no subscore >1 [range, 0 to 3] on any of the four Mayo scale components). To control for type I error, efficacy outcomes were analyzed with a hierarchical testing procedure, with the variables in the following order: clinical remission, endoscopic improvement (subscore of 0 to 1 on the Mayo endoscopic component), and corticosteroid-free remission at week 52. RESULTS A total of 769 patients underwent randomization and received at least one dose of vedolizumab (383 patients) or adalimumab (386 patients). At week 52, clinical remission was observed in a higher percentage of patients in the vedolizumab group than in the adalimumab group (31.3% vs. 22.5%; difference, 8.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 15.0; P = 0.006), as was endoscopic improvement (39.7% vs. 27.7%; difference, 11.9 percentage points; 95% CI, 5.3 to 18.5; P<0.001). Corticosteroid-free clinical remission occurred in 12.6% of the patients in the vedolizumab group and in 21.8% in the adalimumab group (difference, -9.3 percentage points; 95% CI, -18.9 to 0.4). Exposure-adjusted incidence rates of infection were 23.4 and 34.6 events per 100 patient-years with vedolizumab and adalimumab, respectively, and the corresponding rates for serious infection were 1.6 and 2.2 events per 100 patient-years. CONCLUSIONS In this trial involving patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis, vedolizumab was superior to adalimumab with respect to achievement of clinical remission and endoscopic improvement, but not corticosteroid-free clinical remission. (Funded by Takeda; VARSITY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02497469; EudraCT number, 2015-000939-33.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Sands
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Edward V Loftus
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Silvio Danese
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Murat Törüner
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Laimas Jonaitis
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Brihad Abhyankar
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Jingjing Chen
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Raquel Rogers
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Richard A Lirio
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Jeffrey D Bornstein
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.E.S., J.-F.C.); Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France (L.P.-B.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (E.V.L.); Humanitas University, Milan (S.D.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (L.J.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London (B.A.); Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (J.C., R.R., R.A.L., J.D.B.); and the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (S.S.)
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Mahadevan U, Vermeire S, Lasch K, Abhyankar B, Bhayat F, Blake A, Dubinsky M. Letter: vedolizumab drug levels in cord and maternal blood in women with inflammatory bowel disease-authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:388-389. [PMID: 29998501 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Mahadevan
- Center for Colitis and Crohn's Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Vermeire
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Lasch
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - B Abhyankar
- Formerly of Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - F Bhayat
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - A Blake
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - M Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Mahadevan U, Vermeire S, Lasch K, Abhyankar B, Bhayat F, Blake A, Dubinsky M. Editorial: vedolizumab in pregnancy - is gut selectivity as good for baby as it is for mum? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1284. [PMID: 28370036 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Mahadevan
- Center for Colitis and Crohn's Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Vermeire
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Lasch
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - B Abhyankar
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - F Bhayat
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - A Blake
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - M Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Colombel JF, Sands BE, Rutgeerts P, Sandborn W, Danese S, D'Haens G, Panaccione R, Loftus EV, Sankoh S, Fox I, Parikh A, Milch C, Abhyankar B, Feagan BG. The safety of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut 2017; 66:839-851. [PMID: 26893500 PMCID: PMC5531223 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vedolizumab is a gut-selective antibody to α4β7 integrin for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). We report an integrated summary of the safety of vedolizumab. DESIGN Safety data (May 2009-June 2013) from six trials of vedolizumab were integrated. Adverse events were evaluated in patients who received ≥1 dose of vedolizumab or placebo and were reported as exposure-adjusted incidence rates as the number of patients experiencing the event per 100 person-years (PYs) of exposure. Predictors of serious infection were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS In total, 2830 patients had 4811 PYs of vedolizumab exposure (median exposure range, 1-1977 days). No increased risk of any infection or serious infection was associated with vedolizumab exposure. Serious clostridial infections, sepsis and tuberculosis were reported infrequently (≤0.6% of patients). No cases of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy were observed. Independent risk factors for serious infection in UC were prior failure of a tumour necrosis factor α antagonist (HR, 1.99; 95% CIs 1.16 to 3.42; p=0.0122) and narcotic analgesic use (HR, 2.68; 95% CI 1.57 to 4.58; p=0.0003), and in CD were younger age (HR, 0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98; p<0.0001), corticosteroid (HR, 1.88; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.63; p=0.0002) or narcotic analgesic use (HR, 2.72; 95% CI 1.90 to 3.89; p<0.0001). Investigator-defined infusion-related reactions were reported for ≤5% of patients in each study. Eighteen vedolizumab-exposed patients (<1%) were diagnosed with a malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab has a favourable safety profile with low incidence rates of serious infections, infusion-related reactions and malignancies over an extended treatment period. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01177228, NCT00619489, NCT00783718, NCT00783692, NCT01224171, NCT00790933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Katholieke Universiteit and University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego and UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Geert D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, TheNetherlands
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Serap Sankoh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irving Fox
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asit Parikh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Milch
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brihad Abhyankar
- Takeda Global Research and Development Centre (Europe) Ltd., London, UK
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Vermeire S, Loftus EV, Colombel JF, Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ, Sands BE, Danese S, D'Haens GR, Kaser A, Panaccione R, Rubin DT, Shafran I, McAuliffe M, Kaviya A, Sankoh S, Mody R, Abhyankar B, Smyth M. Long-term Efficacy of Vedolizumab for Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:412-424. [PMID: 27683798 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vedolizumab is a gut-selective α4β7 integrin antagonist therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The GEMINI long-term safety [LTS] trial is an ongoing open-label study investigating the safety of vedolizumab. We present interim exploratory analyses of efficacy in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS Patients from the C13004, GEMINI 2 and GEMINI 3 studies and vedolizumab-naïve patients could enrol in GEMINI LTS and received vedolizumab every 4 weeks. Data were collected from May 22, 2009 to June 27, 2013. Outcomes of clinical response and remission, defined by the Harvey-Bradshaw Index, and health-related quality of life [HRQL] were assessed for up to 152 weeks of treatment in the efficacy population. RESULTS Among patients with response at week 6 in GEMINI 2 who received vedolizumab continuously, 83% [n=100/120] and 89% [n=62/70] of patients with available data were in remission after 104 and 152 weeks, respectively. Increased dosing frequency from every 8 weeks [GEMINI 2] to every 4 weeks [GEMINI LTS] improved outcomes in patients who had withdrawn early from GEMINI 2, with 47% [n=27/57] experiencing clinical response and 32% [n=18/57] in remission at week 52 of GEMINI LTS [up from 39% and 4% before the dose increase]. Similar improvements were observed regardless of prior tumour necrosis factor [TNF] antagonist exposure. Long-term benefits of HRQL were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The clinical benefits of vedolizumab continued with long-term treatment regardless of prior TNF antagonist exposure. Increased dosing frequency might improve outcomes in patients who lose response to conventional 8-weekly dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Sandborn
- University of California San Diego and UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Arthur Kaser
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ira Shafran
- Shafran Gastroenterology Center, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| | - Megan McAuliffe
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Serap Sankoh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reema Mody
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois, USA
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7
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Loftus EV, Colombel JF, Feagan BG, Vermeire S, Sandborn WJ, Sands BE, Danese S, D'Haens GR, Kaser A, Panaccione R, Rubin DT, Shafran I, McAuliffe M, Kaviya A, Sankoh S, Mody R, Abhyankar B, Smyth M. Long-term Efficacy of Vedolizumab for Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:400-411. [PMID: 27683800 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The GEMINI long-term safety [LTS] study is a continuing phase 3 trial investigating the safety and efficacy of vedolizumab, an α4β7 integrin antagonist for ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease. We provide an interim analysis of efficacy in patients with UC. METHODS Patients from the C13004 and GEMINI 1 studies and a cohort of vedolizumab-naïve patients received open-label vedolizumab every 4 weeks. Interim data were collected from May 22, 2009 to June 27, 2013. Clinical response and remission, evaluated using partial Mayo scores, and health-related quality of life [HRQL] were assessed for up to 152 weeks of cumulative treatment in the efficacy population. RESULTS As of June 27, 2013, 63% of the efficacy population [n = 532/845] were continuing treatment. Among patients who responded to vedolizumab induction and had data available, 88% [n = 120/136] were in remission after 104 weeks of exposure (96% [n = 70/73] after 152 weeks). Among patients who withdrew from every-8-week vedolizumab maintenance in GEMINI 1 [n = 32] before week 52, increased dosing to every 4 weeks in GEMINI LTS resulted in response and remission rates of 41% and 28%, respectively, after 52 weeks, an increase from 19% and 6%, respectively, from before the dose increase. Similar benefits were demonstrated regardless of prior tumour necrosis factor-antagonist exposure. Durable benefits on HRQL were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Patients with UC experienced clinical and HRQL improvements with continued vedolizumab treatment. Increased dosing frequency to every 4 weeks was beneficial in patients who had loss of response to 8-weekly dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William J Sandborn
- University of California San Diego and UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Arthur Kaser
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ira Shafran
- Shafran Gastroenterology Center, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| | - Megan McAuliffe
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Serap Sankoh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reema Mody
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois, USA
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Mahadevan U, Vermeire S, Lasch K, Abhyankar B, Bhayat F, Blake A, Dubinsky M. Vedolizumab exposure in pregnancy: outcomes from clinical studies in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:941-950. [PMID: 28169436 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vedolizumab is a gut-selective immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody to α4 β7 integrin for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Prospective clinical studies of vedolizumab in pregnancy have not been conducted; therefore, existing safety data of vedolizumab in pregnancy were examined. AIM To assess pregnancy outcomes in females and partners of males who received vedolizumab. METHODS All pregnancy data collected during the clinical programme (from 14 May 2007 to 27 June 2013) and in the post-marketing setting (to 19 November 2015) were analysed. RESULTS Across six studies, there were 27 pregnancies in female participants and 19 pregnancies in partners of male participants. Among 24 vedolizumab-treated females (23 with CD/UC, one healthy volunteer), there were 11 live births, five elective terminations, four spontaneous abortions and four undocumented outcomes. A congenital corpus callosum agenesis anomaly was reported in one live birth from a healthy volunteer with extensive obstetric history exposed to single-dose vedolizumab 79 days before estimated conception. Of 19 pregnancies in partners of male participants, there were 11 live births, two spontaneous abortions, three elective terminations and three undocumented outcomes. Post-marketing reports recorded 81 pregnancies, resulting in four live births, 11 spontaneous abortions and 66 pregnancies that were on-going or reported undocumented outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Initial analysis, limited by sample size and follow-up, identified no new safety concerns for pregnancy outcomes in females directly or indirectly exposed to vedolizumab. However, vedolizumab should be used during pregnancy only if the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the mother/unborn child.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Mahadevan
- Center for Colitis and Crohn's Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Vermeire
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Lasch
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - B Abhyankar
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - F Bhayat
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - A Blake
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK
| | - M Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Feagan BG, Rubin DT, Danese S, Vermeire S, Abhyankar B, Sankoh S, James A, Smyth M. Efficacy of Vedolizumab Induction and Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis, Regardless of Prior Exposure to Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:229-239.e5. [PMID: 27639327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The efficacy and safety of vedolizumab, a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody against the integrin α4β7, were demonstrated in multicenter, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease. We analyzed data from 1 of these trials to determine the effects of vedolizumab therapy in patients with UC, based on past exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) antagonists. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the GEMINI 1 study, collected from 464 patients who received vedolizumab or placebo but had not received a previous TNF antagonist (naive to TNF antagonists) and 367 patients with an inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to TNF antagonists (failure of TNF antagonists). Predefined outcomes of GEMINI 1 were evaluated in these subpopulations. RESULTS At Week 6, there were greater absolute differences in efficacy between vedolizumab and placebo in patients naive to TNF antagonists than patients with failure of TNF antagonists, although the risk ratios (RRs) for efficacy were similar for each group. Week 6 rates of response to vedolizumab and placebo were 53.1% and 26.3%, respectively, among patients naive to TNF antagonists (absolute difference, 26.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.4-40.4; RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.0); these rates were 39.0% and 20.6%, respectively, in patients with failure of TNF antagonists (absolute difference, 18.1%; 95% CI, 2.8-33.5; RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2). During maintenance therapy, the absolute differences were similar but the RR for efficacy was higher for patients with failure of TNF antagonists than for patients naive to TNF antagonists, for most outcomes. Week 52 rates of remission with vedolizumab and placebo were 46.9% and 19.0%, respectively, in patients naive to TNF antagonists (absolute difference, 28.0%; 95% CI, 14.9-41.1; RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.0) and 36.1% and 5.3%, respectively, in patients with failure of TNF antagonists (absolute difference, 29.5%; 95% CI, 12.8-46.1; RR, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.7-26.5). No differences in adverse events were observed among groups. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab demonstrated significantly greater efficacy as induction and maintenance therapy for UC than placebo in patients naive to TNF antagonists and patients with TNF antagonist failure. There were numerically greater treatment differences at Week 6 among patients receiving vedolizumab who were naive to TNF antagonists than patients with TNF antagonist failure. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00783718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Serap Sankoh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra James
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Smyth
- Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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Yajnik V, Khan N, Dubinsky M, Axler J, James A, Abhyankar B, Lasch K. Efficacy and Safety of Vedolizumab in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Patients Stratified by Age. Adv Ther 2017; 34:542-559. [PMID: 28070861 PMCID: PMC5331094 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The efficacy and safety of vedolizumab, a gut-selective α4β7 integrin antibody, were demonstrated in the GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2 clinical trials of adults aged 18–80 years. We investigated the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in patients stratified by age from the GEMINI trials. Methods Safety and efficacy, including clinical response, clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free remission, at week 6 and/or 52 were determined post hoc in patients aged <35, 35 to <55, and ≥55 years. Results At baseline, 353, 412, and 130 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 582, 443, and 90 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients were aged <35, 35 to <55, and ≥55. Of these patients, 56 were aged ≥65 years (UC: 33, CD: 23). Trends favoring vedolizumab over placebo were observed for most efficacy endpoints irrespective of patient age; some variability between subgroups was observed. Safety profiles of vedolizumab and placebo were similar in all age groups. Vedolizumab-treated patients aged ≥55 had the lowest incidence of serious infections (0.9 per 100 person–years) and adverse events leading to hospitalization (14.8 per 100 person–years). There were no age-related differences in the incidence of adverse hematological events, malignancy, or death. Conclusions The safety and efficacy of vedolizumab in patients with UC or CD were similar for all age groups. The number of patients in the oldest age group in these analyses was small; thus further studies of vedolizumab in larger cohorts of elderly patients are warranted. Funding Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (d/b/a Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0467-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Yajnik
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nabeel Khan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Axler
- Toronto Digestive Disease Associates, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen Lasch
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A. Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA
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Abstract
Vedolizumab is a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody recently approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in adults who have failed at least one conventional therapy. An integrin antagonist, vedolizumab binds to the α4β7 integrin which is expressed specifically by a subset of gastrointestinal-homing T lymphocytes. The binding of α4β7 integrin to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 expressed on the surface of mucosal endothelial cells is a crucial component of the gut-selective homing mechanism for lymphocytes.In contrast, other monoclonal antibodies approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as tumour necrosis factor α antagonists and the integrin antagonist natalizumab, act systemically or on multiple targets to reduce inflammation.The unique gut selectivity of vedolizumab may contribute to the favourable benefit-risk profile observed in vedolizumab clinical trials. In this review, we summarise data from the preclinical development of vedolizumab and describe the current understanding of the mechanism of action as it relates to other biological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wyant
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Fedyk
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
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Gugliotta L, Besses C, Griesshammer M, Harrison C, Kiladjian JJ, Coll R, Smith J, Abhyankar B, Birgegård G. Combination therapy of hydroxycarbamide with anagrelide in patients with essential thrombocythemia in the evaluation of Xagrid(R) efficacy and long-term safety study. Haematologica 2013; 99:679-87. [PMID: 24334294 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.083097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Available information is limited regarding the use of cytoreductive combination therapy in high-risk patients with essential thrombocythemia. This analysis aims to evaluate the clinical relevance and patterns of cytoreductive combination treatment in European high-risk patients with essential thrombocythemia in the Evaluation of Xagrid(®) Efficacy and Long-term Safety study. Of 3643 patients, 347 (9.5%) received combination therapy. Data were recorded at each 6-month update. Of 347 patients who received combination therapy, 304 (87.6%) received hydroxycarbamide + anagrelide. Monotherapies received before this combination were hydroxycarbamide (n=167, 54.9%) and anagrelide (n=123, 40.5%). Median weekly doses of hydroxycarbamide and anagrelide were: 7000 and 10.5 mg when used as prior monotherapy; 3500 and 7.0 mg when used as add-on treatment. Overall, median platelet counts were 581 × 10(9)/L and 411 × 10(9)/L before and after starting hydroxycarbamide + anagrelide, respectively. In patients with paired data (n=153), the number of patients with platelet counts less than 400 × 10(9)/L increased from 33 (21.6%) to 74 (48.4%; P<0.0001), and with platelet counts less than 600 × 10(9)/L, from 82 (53.6%) to 132 (86.3%; P<0.0001). Hydroxycarbamide + anagrelide was discontinued in 158 patients: 76 (48.1%) stopped hydroxycarbamide, 59 (37.3%) stopped anagrelide, 19 (12.0%) stopped both and 4 (2.5%) had another therapy added. The most frequent reasons for discontinuation were intolerance/side-effects, lack of efficacy, and therapeutic strategy. Combination therapy, usually hydroxycarbamide + anagrelide, is used in approximately 10% of all high-risk patients with essential thrombocythemia and may be a useful approach in treating patients for whom monotherapy is unsatisfactory. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT00567502).
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Okamoto S, Miyakawa Y, Smith J, Hodgson I, Abhyankar B, Troy S, Kanakura Y. Open-label, dose-titration and continuation study to assess efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of anagrelide in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with essential thrombocythemia. Int J Hematol 2013; 97:360-8. [PMID: 23378182 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although anagrelide is widely used for the treatment of essential thrombocythemia (ET) in the USA and Europe, it is not licensed in Japan. Existing literature has reported differences in polymorphism and activity of CYP1A2 in Japanese and non-Japanese ethnic groups, which may alter anagrelide metabolism. We intended to identify the optimum dosage of anagrelide in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with ET and assess its long-term safety and efficacy. Twelve patients with ET and a platelet count of ≥ 80 × 10(4)/μL were enrolled. Anagrelide was administered at an initial dose of 0.5 mg/day (weeks 1-4), then increased to 1.0 mg/day (weeks 5-8). During the following maintenance (weeks 9-52) and continuation periods (weeks 53-104), the dose was adjusted according to patient safety data and to maintain target platelet counts (<60 × 10(4)/μL). Increasing the dose led to a decrease in mean platelet count, and target platelet counts were maintained in 11 patients. Adverse events were mild or moderate, and none led to discontinuation. This cohort of Japanese patients exhibited higher pharmacokinetic exposures of anagrelide and its active metabolite than those previously documented in non-Japanese patients. These differences were modest, suggesting specific dosing regimens for Japanese patients are not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Okamoto
- School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Besses C, Kiladjian JJ, Griesshammer M, Gugliotta L, Harrison C, Coll R, Smith J, Abhyankar B, Birgegård G. Cytoreductive treatment patterns for essential thrombocythemia in Europe. Analysis of 3643 patients in the EXELS study. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids from fish and fish oils can protect against coronary heart disease (CHD), which is still the most common cause of death in the Western economies. Evidence from epidemiological and case cohort studies indicate that consumpton of fatty fish and omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality. OBJECTIVE This article briefly reviews the evidence regarding omega-3 fatty acids and CHD and outlines the mechanisms through which omega-3 fatty acids might confer cardiac benefits over and above the standard secondary prevention strategies. CONCLUSION The conclusion reached is that omega-3 fatty acids play a significant role in secondary prevention post-myocardial infarction. The mechanisms through which two of these omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexanoic acid, exert their action appear to be distinct and adjuvant to the available standard secondary prevention therapies. The role to be played by the administration of a newly licensed 90% concentrate EPA + DHA formulation (1 g/day capsule: Omacor) is explored.
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Abstract
Omacor is a new omega-3 fatty acid product that is licensed for secondary prevention post-myocardial infarction. It confers an additional 20% reduction in all-cause mortality, based on the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico prevenzione (GISSI-P) study data. The GISSI-P results are compared with other trials of secondary prevention.
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