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Kuliukas L, Warland J, Cornell P, Thomson B, Godwin H, Bradfield Z. Embracing the continuity of care experience: A new Australian graduate entry master of midwifery course with a student caseload of 15 women per year. Women Birth 2023; 36:151-154. [PMID: 36456446 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women receiving continuity of midwifery care have increased satisfaction and improved outcomes. Preparation of midwifery students to work in continuity models from the point of graduation may provide an ongoing midwifery workforce that meets rising demand from women for access to such care. AIM OF THE PAPER The aim of this paper is to describe an innovative midwifery course based on a continuity model, where students acquire more than 50 % of clinical hours through continuity of care experiences. Additional educational strategies incorporated in the course to enhance the CCE experience within the philosophy of midwifery care, include a virtual maternity centre, case-based learning and the Resources Activities Support Evaluation (RASE) pedagogical model of learning. DISCUSSION Australian accredited midwifery courses vary in structure, format and philosophy; this new course provides students with an alternative option of study for those who have a particular interest in continuity of midwifery care. CONCLUSION A midwifery course which provides the majority of clinical hours through continuity of care may prepare graduates for employment within midwifery group practice models by demonstrating the benefits of relationship building, improved outcomes and the reality of an on-call lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Kuliukas
- Curtin University School of Nursing, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Jane Warland
- Curtin University School of Nursing, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Peta Cornell
- Curtin University School of Nursing, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Brooke Thomson
- Curtin University School of Nursing, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Helen Godwin
- Curtin University School of Nursing, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Zoe Bradfield
- Curtin University School of Nursing, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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Bayat MK, Chan W, Javorsky G, Platts D, Dashwood A, Wong Y, Mulligan A, Tesar P, Prahbu A, Thomson B, Lavana J, McKenzie S. Acute Compartment Syndrome Following Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khorramshahi Bayat M, McKenzie S, Javorsky G, Wong Y, Platts D, Dashwood A, Lavana J, Thomson B, Chan W. Genetic Testing Could Assist in the Clinical Management in Patients Supported on Ventricular Assist Devices With Recovered Myocardial Function. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goh S, Smith S, Pearse B, Margale S, Smith I, Thomson B, Tesar P. R44 The Impact of Targeted Bleeding Management on Blood Component Therapy in Heart Transplant Recipients. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nair L, Mcivor F, Thomson B. P62 Necrotic P2: Surgical Management of Severe Mitral Annular Calcification. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Saratzis A, Lea T, Yap T, Batchelder A, Thomson B, Saha P, Diamantopoulos A, Saratzis N, Davies R, Zayed H. Paclitaxel and Mortality Following Peripheral Angioplasty: An Adjusted and Case Matched Multicentre Analysis. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khan MA, Burggraaf VT, Thomson B, Muir P, Lowe K, Koolaard J, Heiser A, Leath S, McCoard S. Feeding forage or concentrates early in life influences rumen fermentation, metabolic response, immune function and growth of Wagyu × Friesian calves. Anim Prod Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Early life nutrition of calves influences their performance later in life. There is limited literature demonstrating the effects of rearing dairy calves in early life on milk with either exclusively forage or concentrate starter diets on metabolic and immune function and post-weaning growth and body composition on a pasture only diet.
Aim
This study evaluated the effects of feeding Wagyu × Holstein Friesian calves a forage starter (FS) or a concentrate starter (CS) for the first 14 weeks of rearing on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, immune function, growth and body composition to Week 41.
Methods
Group-housed calves (Wagyu × Friesian, 10 calves per group, three groups per treatment) were fed milk (2 L per calf twice daily) until Week 7, then transitioned to once a day milk feeding until weaning by Week 9, with ad libitum access to either FS or CS. All calves were transferred to graze ryegrass pastures a week after transitioning to once daily milk feeding, with starter feeds removed gradually by Week 14. Thereafter, calves were reared together on pasture until Week 41.
Results
Solid feed intake was lower in FS than CS calves during the first 7 weeks. Total short chain fatty acids were lower, but acetate to propionate ratio and rumen pH were higher in FS than CS calves at Week 7, with no differences observed at Week 12 or 30. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate an indicator of ketogenic ability of the rumen in developing calves was higher in FS vs CS calves at weaning. Further, FS calves had lower concentrations of circulating non-esterified fatty acids compared with CS calves at weaning. Compared with CS calves, FS calves grew slower for the first 14 weeks which was associated with lower plasma IGF-1 levels. However, FS calves had greater average daily gain after 14 weeks when on pasture and had similar plasma IGF-1 at 30 weeks and similar body weight and body composition (muscle and subcutaneous fat deposition) by Week 41 compared to CS calves.
Conclusions
These results indicate that offering a FS starter has better prepared calves for weaning onto pasture and potentially improved utilisation of forage post-weaning to achieve similar muscle and fat deposition and overall liveweight in both groups by 41 weeks.
Implications
Dairy beef calves can be successfully reared using forage as the only solid feed source without affecting their growth performance on pasture until 10 months of age. Rearing calves using forage will contribute to reducing the usage of concentrate feeds in pastoral dairy-beef production systems and provide an opportunity to fulfil the market requirements and standards for grain-free beef production.
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Lee B, Lipton L, Cohen J, Tie J, Javed AA, Li L, Goldstein D, Burge M, Cooray P, Nagrial A, Tebbutt NC, Thomson B, Nikfarjam M, Harris M, Haydon A, Lawrence B, Tai DWM, Simons K, Lennon AM, Wolfgang CL, Tomasetti C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Gibbs P. Circulating tumor DNA as a potential marker of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit following surgery for localized pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1472-1478. [PMID: 31250894 PMCID: PMC6771221 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In early-stage pancreatic cancer, there are currently no biomarkers to guide selection of therapeutic options. This prospective biomarker trial evaluated the feasibility and potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis to inform adjuvant therapy decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients considered by the multidisciplinary team to have resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Pre- and post-operative samples for ctDNA analysis were collected. PCR-based-SafeSeqS assays were used to identify mutations at codon 12, 13 and 61 of KRAS in the primary pancreatic tumor and to detect ctDNA. Results of ctDNA analysis were correlated with CA19-9, recurrence-free and overall survival (OS). Patient management was per standard of care, blinded to ctDNA data. RESULTS Of 112 patients consented pre-operatively, 81 (72%) underwent resection. KRAS mutations were identified in 91% (38/42) of available tumor samples. Of available plasma samples (N = 42), KRAS mutated ctDNA was detected in 62% (23/37) pre-operative and 37% (13/35) post-operative cases. At a median follow-up of 38.4 months, ctDNA detection in the pre-operative setting was associated with inferior recurrence-free survival (RFS) [hazard ratio (HR) 4.1; P = 0.002)] and OS (HR 4.1; P = 0.015). Detectable ctDNA following curative intent resection was associated with inferior RFS (HR 5.4; P < 0.0001) and OS (HR 4.0; P = 0.003). Recurrence occurred in 13/13 (100%) patients with detectable ctDNA post-operatively, including in seven that received gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION ctDNA studies in localized pancreatic cancer are challenging, with a substantial number of patients not able to undergo resection, not having sufficient tumor tissue for analysis or not completing per protocol sample collection. ctDNA analysis, pre- and/or post-surgery, is a promising prognostic marker. Studies of ctDNA guided therapy are justified, including of treatment intensification strategies for patients with detectable ctDNA post-operatively who appear at very high risk of recurrence despite gemcitabine-based adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lee
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
| | - L Lipton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Australia
| | - J Cohen
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - J Tie
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne
| | - A A Javed
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - L Li
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - D Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick
| | - M Burge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane
| | - P Cooray
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne
| | - A Nagrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Westmead
| | - N C Tebbutt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Melbourne
| | - B Thomson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne
| | - M Nikfarjam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Melbourne
| | - M Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton
| | - A Haydon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Lawrence
- Department of Medical Oncology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D W M Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - K Simons
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A M Lennon
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - C L Wolfgang
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - C Tomasetti
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - N Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - K W Kinzler
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - B Vogelstein
- Ludwig Centre and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Centre, Baltimore
| | - P Gibbs
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne
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Lewis L, Hauck YL, Butt J, Western C, Overing H, Poletti C, Priest J, Hudd D, Thomson B. Midwives' experience of their education, knowledge and practice around immersion in water for labour or birth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:249. [PMID: 29921233 PMCID: PMC6008918 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited research examining midwives' education, knowledge and practice around immersion in water for labour or birth. Our aim was to address this gap in evidence and build knowledge around this important topic. METHODS This mixed method study was performed in two phases, between August and December 2016, in the birth centre of a tertiary public maternity hospital in Western Australia. Phase one utilised a cross sectional design to examine perceptions of education, knowledge and practice around immersion in water for labour or birth through a questionnaire. Phase two employed a qualitative descriptive design and focus groups to explore what midwives enjoyed about caring for women who labour or birth in water and the challenges midwives experienced with waterbirth. Frequency distributions were employed for quantitative data. Thematic analysis was undertaken to extract common themes from focus group transcripts. RESULTS The majority (85%; 29 of 34) of midwives surveyed returned a questionnaire. Results from phase one confirmed that following training, 93% (27 of 29) of midwives felt equipped to facilitate waterbirth and the mean waterbirths required to facilitate confidence was seven. Midwives were confident caring for women in water during the first, second and third stage of labour and enjoyed facilitating water immersion for labour and birth. Finally, responses to labour and birth scenarios indicated midwives were practicing according to state-wide clinical guidance. Phase two included two focus groups of seven and five midwives. Exploration of what midwives enjoyed about caring for women who used water immersion revealed three themes: instinctive birthing; woman-centred atmosphere; and undisturbed space. Exploration of the challenges experienced with waterbirth revealed two themes: learning through reflection and facilities required to support waterbirth. CONCLUSIONS This research contributes to the growing knowledge base examining midwives' education, knowledge and practice around immersion in water for labour or birth. It also highlights the importance of exploring what immersion in water for labour and birth offers midwives, as this research suggests they are integral to sustaining waterbirth as an option for low risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lewis
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Yvonne L. Hauck
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Janice Butt
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Chloe Western
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Helen Overing
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Corrinne Poletti
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Jessica Priest
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Dawn Hudd
- Family Birth Centre, Midwifery Group Practice and Community Midwifery Program, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, 6008 Western Australia Australia
| | - Brooke Thomson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
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Lewis L, Hauck YL, Crichton C, Barnes C, Poletti C, Overing H, Keyes L, Thomson B. The perceptions and experiences of women who achieved and did not achieve a waterbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29320998 PMCID: PMC5763519 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a gap in knowledge and understanding relating to the experiences of women exposed to the opportunity of waterbirth. Our aim was to explore the perceptions and experiences of women who achieved or did not achieve their planned waterbirth. METHODS An exploratory design using critical incident techniques was conducted between December 2015 and July 2016, in the birth centre of the tertiary public maternity hospital in Western Australia. Women were telephoned 6 weeks post birth. Demographic data included: age; education; parity; and previous birth mode. Women were also asked the following: what made you choose to plan a waterbirth?; what do you think contributed to you having (or not having) a waterbirth?; and which three words would you use to describe your birth experience? Frequency distributions and univariate comparisons were employed for quantitative data. Thematic analysis was undertaken to extract common themes from the interviews. RESULTS A total of 31% (93 of 296) of women achieved a waterbirth and 69% (203 of 296) did not. Multiparous women were more likely to achieve a waterbirth (57% vs 32%; p < 0.001). Women who achieved a waterbirth were less likely to have planned a waterbirth for pain relief (38% vs 52%; p = 0.24). The primary reasons women gave for planning a waterbirth were: pain relief; they liked the idea; it was associated with a natural birth; it provided a relaxing environment; and it was recommended. Two fifths (40%) of women who achieved a waterbirth suggested support was the primary reason they achieved their waterbirth, with the midwife named as the primary support person by 34 of 37 women. Most (66%) women who did not achieve a waterbirth perceived this was because they experienced an obstetric complication. The words women used to describe their birth were coded as: affirming; distressing; enduring; natural; quick; empowering; and long. CONCLUSIONS Immersion in water for birth facilitates a shift of focus from high risk obstetric-led care to low risk midwifery-led care. It also facilitates evidence based, respectful midwifery care which in turn optimises the potential for women to view their birthing experience through a positive lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lewis
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. .,Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Yvonne L Hauck
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline Crichton
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corrinne Poletti
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Overing
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise Keyes
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brooke Thomson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Lin A, Koitka K, Lau K, Scarlia G, Burstow D, Prabhu A, Thomson B, Tesar P, Bancroft J, Platts D. Longitudinal Evaluation of Inflow Cannula Orientation Following Ventricular-Assist Device Implantation Using Transoesophageal Echocardiography. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dashwood A, Laher S, Menon N, Thomson B, Prabhu A, Tesar P, Ziegenfuss M, Smith I, Javorsky G, Platts D, McKenzie S, Chan W, Bancroft J, Maddicks-Law J, Wong Y. Validation of EUROMACS-RHF (European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support Right-Sided Heart Failure) Score in Predicting Early Right Heart Failure Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Insertion in an Australian Single-Centre Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Benjamin A, Lau K, Habibian M, Scalia G, Burstow D, Thomson B, Prabhu A, Tesar P, Bancroft J, Fraser J, Platts D. Assessment of Left Ventricular Apical Morphology Using Contrast-Enhanced Transthoracic Echocardiography Prior to Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dashwood A, Laher S, Wang C, Prabhu A, Tesar P, Ziegenfuss M, Wong Y, Javorsky G, Smith I, Platts D, Chan W, McKenzie S, Bancroft J, Maddicks-Law J, Thomson B. Single-Centre Experience of Durable Bi-Ventricular Support with HeartWare Continuous Flow, Centrifugal Ventricular Assist Devices (HeartWare BiVADs). Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lau K, Bancroft J, McKenzie S, Javorsky G, Chan W, Wong Y, Thomson B, Prabhu A, Fraser J, Platts D. Explant of Heartware Biventricular Assist Devices Following Myocardial Recovery After Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dashwood A, Rusli S, Thomson B, Prabhu A, Platts D, Korczyk D, Hill J, Godbolt D, Small A, Wong Y. Rare Case of Advanced Non-Tropical, Isolated Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Fibrosis. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thomson B, Costins P, Kuliukas L, Bradfield Z. Online portfolio for midwifery student assessment and recording of clinical experiences. Women Birth 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oates M, Habibian M, Lau K, Koitka K, Nair L, Mengel C, Burstow D, Margale S, Thomson B, Scalia G, Platts D. Multimodality Cardiac Imaging for the Assessment of a Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm in a Transplanted Heart. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McKillen B, Lau K, Burstow D, Scalia G, Thomson B, Fraser J, Platts D. Role of Echocardiography in the Management of Patients with a Biventricular Ventricular Assist Device. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Habibian M, Lau K, Koitka K, Burstow D, Scalia G, Thomson B, Platts D. Improved Left Ventricular Visualisation and Reclassification of Thrombus Location Using Contrast Enhanced TTE Following the Dor-procedure. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hauck YL, Blixt I, Hildingsson I, Gallagher L, Rubertsson C, Thomson B, Lewis L. Australian, Irish and Swedish women's perceptions of what assisted them to breastfeed for six months: exploratory design using critical incident technique. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1067. [PMID: 27724932 PMCID: PMC5057437 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breastfeeding initiation rates in some developed countries are high (98 % in Sweden and 96 % in Australia) whereas in others, they are not as favourable (46 % to 55 % in Ireland). Although the World Health Organization recommends exclusively breastfeeding for six months, 15 % of Australian women, 11 % of Swedish women and less than 7 % of Irish women achieve this goal. Awareness of what women in different countries perceive as essential breastfeeding support is a gap in our knowledge. Methods Our aim was to explore Australian, Irish and Swedish women’s perceptions of what assisted them to continue breastfeeding for six months. An exploratory design using critical incident techniques was used. Recruitment occurred through advertisements in local newspapers and on social networking platforms. Initial sampling was purposive, followed by snowball sampling. Telephone interviews were conducted with 64 Irish, 139 Swedish and 153 Australian women who responded to one question “what has assisted you to continue breastfeeding for at least six months?” Content analysis was conducted and common categories determined to allow comparison of frequencies and priority ranking. Results Categories reflected the individual mother, her inner social network, her outer social network (informal support either face to face or online), and societal support (health professionals, work environment and breastfeeding being regarded as the cultural norm). Categories ranked in the top five across the three countries were ‘informal face to face support’ and ‘maternal determination’. Swedish and Australian women ranked “health professional support” higher (first and third respectively) than Irish women who ranked ‘informal online support’ as second compared to ninth and tenth for Swedish and Australian women. Conclusions The support required to assist breastfeeding women is complex and multi-faceted. Although common international categories were revealed, the ranking of these supportive categories varied. We must recognize how the cultural context of breastfeeding support can vary for women in differing countries and acknowledge the resourcefulness of women who embrace innovations such as social media where face to face formal and informal support are not as accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Hauck
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. .,Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.
| | - Ingrid Blixt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Kungsgatan 41, 631 88, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Hildingsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 24 D'Olier Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Rubertsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brooke Thomson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Lucy Lewis
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
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Rickard CM, Edwards M, Spooner AJ, Mihala G, Marsh N, Best J, Wendt T, Rapchuk I, Gabriel S, Thomson B, Corley A, Fraser JF. A 4-arm randomized controlled pilot trial of innovative solutions for jugular central venous access device securement in 221 cardiac surgical patients. J Crit Care 2016; 36:35-42. [PMID: 27546745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve jugular central venous access device (CVAD) securement, prevent CVAD failure (composite: dislodgement, occlusion, breakage, local or bloodstream infection), and assess subsequent trial feasibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design was a 4-arm, parallel, randomized, controlled, nonblinded, pilot trial. Patients received CVAD securement with (i) suture+bordered polyurethane (suture + BPU; control), (ii) suture+absorbent dressing (suture + AD), (iii) sutureless securement device+simple polyurethane (SSD+SPU), or (iv) tissue adhesive+simple polyurethane (TA+SPU). Midtrial, due to safety, the TA+SPU intervention was replaced with a suture + TA+SPU group. RESULTS A total of 221 patients were randomized with 2 postrandomization exclusions. Central venous access device failure was as follows: suture + BPU controls, 2 (4%) of 55 (0.52/1000 hours); suture + AD, 1 (2%) of 56 (0.26/1000 hours, P=.560); SSD+SPU, 4 (7%) of 55 (1.04/1000 hours, P=.417); TA+SPU, 4 (17%) of 23 (2.53/1000 hours, P=.049); and suture + TA+SPU, 0 (0%) of 30 (P=.263; intention-to-treat, log-rank tests). Central venous access device failure was predicted (P<.05) by baseline poor/fair skin integrity (hazard ratio, 9.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-79.9) or impaired mental state at CVAD removal (hazard ratio, 14.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-68.4). CONCLUSIONS Jugular CVAD securement is challenging in postcardiac surgical patients who are coagulopathic and mobilized early. TA+SPU was ineffective for CVAD securement and is not recommended. Suture + TA+SPU appeared promising, with zero CVAD failure observed. Future trials should resolve uncertainty about the comparative effect of suture + TA+SPU, suture + AD, and SSD+SPU vs suture + BPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Rickard
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - M Edwards
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A J Spooner
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - G Mihala
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, 4131, Queensland, Australia.
| | - N Marsh
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Clinical Nursing, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - J Best
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - T Wendt
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - I Rapchuk
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - S Gabriel
- Cardiac Surgery Research Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - B Thomson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Corley
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
| | - J F Fraser
- AVATAR Group, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia; Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, 4032, Queensland, Australia.
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McDonald CI, Bolle E, Lang HF, Ribolzi C, Thomson B, Tansley GD, Fraser JF, Gregory SD. Hydrodynamic evaluation of aortic cardiopulmonary bypass cannulae using particle image velocimetry. Perfusion 2015; 31:78-86. [PMID: 25987551 DOI: 10.1177/0267659115586282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The high velocity jet from aortic arterial cannulae used during cardiopulmonary bypass potentially causes a "sandblasting" injury to the aorta, increasing the possibility of embolisation of atheromatous plaque. We investigated a range of commonly available dispersion and non-dispersion cannulae, using particle image velocimetry. The maximum velocity of the exit jet was assessed 20 and 40 mm from the cannula tip at flow rates of 3 and 5 L/min. The dispersion cannulae had lower maximum velocities compared to the non-dispersion cannulae. Dispersion cannulae had fan-shaped exit profiles and maximum velocities ranged from 0.63 to 1.52 m/s when measured at 20 mm and 5 L/min. Non-dispersion cannulae had maximum velocities ranging from 1.52 to 3.06 m/s at 20 mm and 5 L/min, with corresponding narrow velocity profiles. This study highlights the importance of understanding the hydrodynamic performance of these cannulae as it may help in selecting the most appropriate cannula to minimize the risk of thromboembolic events or aortic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I McDonald
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - E Bolle
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - H F Lang
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - C Ribolzi
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - B Thomson
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - G D Tansley
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - J F Fraser
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S D Gregory
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Speirs V, Good R, Hanby A, Matharoo-Ball B, Thomson B, Ellis I, Quinlan P, Lyons D, Coates P, Purdie C, Jordan L, Chelala C, Smith S, Ekbote U, Jones L. Abstract P4-19-02: Early experience of patient donation and researcher use of tissues donated to a national breast cancer tissue bank. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-19-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The need for a specialist breast cancer biobank was recognised through a Gap Analysis conducted by the UK charity, Breast Cancer Campaign (Thompson AM et al., Breast Cancer Res 2008: 10(2); R26). As a result The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank (www.breastcancertissuebank.org) was launched in 2010 as a coalition of 4 centres of excellence for breast cancer research in the UK. Breast cancer patients presenting to these centres are offered the opportunity to donate surplus tissue and bloods to The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank. Researchers can apply for these samples by completing a simple on line application form. Here we describe our early experience of patient donation to The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank and outline the sample requests received from researchers to date. Most of the first year of operation (2010) was spent developing SOPs and ensuring collection protocols were robust, with some limited prospective collection. The collection was pump-primed from existing resources. By 2011 all sites were operational and working to the same standards. Over a 2 year period (Jan 2011 - Dec 2012), over 90% of suitable patients (1803) consented to tissue donation. From these we derived 3951 frozen tissue aliquots, 1517 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases and 2012 blood derivatives (serum, plasma and whole blood). Asian patients were less likely to consent while younger patients tended not to donate blood, but were happy to donate tissue. All male patients consented to tissue and blood donation. At Dec 2012, the total numbers of sample aliquots derived from these donated tissue and blood samples was 22, 127. This includes frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, serum, plasma and whole blood. At present, application for tissue samples is restricted to the UK and Ireland but we aim to open to international applications in the near future. All applications are reviewed by an international Tissue Access Committee which includes appropriate clinical and scientific expertise plus representation by patient advocates. At 1st June 2013, seventeen applications had been received, of which 14 were approved. Three applications were rejected, made on the basis that the applicants were not making the best use of the donated material. Thus far, tissues have been dispatched to 9 researchers with 5 in preparation. These include 465 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases and 158 frozen samples, all provided with a basic minimum dataset. Early experience of patient consent was encouraging with patients overall very enthusiastic and willing to donate to our biobanking programme. More research is needed to help understand the barriers in preventing ethnic minorities to donate and the reluctance in some young people to donate blood samples. Interest by the breast cancer research community in accessing samples is steadily rising as the resource becomes more widely known and increased website traffic is translating into applications for tissues. This has been an ambitious multidisciplinary endeavour but we are building a valuable resource to service the needs of the breast cancer research community with the goal of helping translate laboratory results into clinical benefit.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-19-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Speirs
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - R Good
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - A Hanby
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - B Matharoo-Ball
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - B Thomson
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - I Ellis
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - P Quinlan
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - D Lyons
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - P Coates
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - C Purdie
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - L Jordan
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - C Chelala
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - S Smith
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - U Ekbote
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
| | - L Jones
- University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Nottingham Health Science Biobank, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Barts Cancer Institute, United Kingdom
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McKenzie S, Platts D, Bancroft J, Maddicks-Law J, Brown M, Thomson B, Javorsky G. Preoperative Predictors for Length of ICU Admission after Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) Implantation as Bridge to Transplant—A Single Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mullany D, Thomson B, Drake L, Tesar P, Walters D. Low Short Term Mortality in Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement; Implications for Decision Making for Patient Selection for Surgery and Transcatheter Techniques. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Crawford JL, Mester B, Thomson B, Lawrence SB, Eckery DC. Prolactin acts on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to modulate follicle-stimulating hormone gene expression in the female brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 171:39-45. [PMID: 21187096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brushtail possums exhibit a distinct preovulatory pattern of prolactin (Prl) secretion suggesting that Prl is involved in normal reproductive function. In some mammals, Prl is essential for corpus luteum (CL) function and/or modulation of steroidal effects on hypothalamic-pituitary activity. The aim of this study was to test the effects of biologically active recombinant possum Prl (recPosPrl) on both pituitary gland and CL function in possums. To confirm biological activity, administration of recPosPrl-N2C1 (10 μg) resulted in an 18-fold stimulation (P<0.05) of progesterone (P(4)) production by possum granulosa cells in vitro. Based on these findings, minipumps containing either recPosPrl-N2C1 (n=10) or saline (n=8) were inserted into lactating female possums. The expression levels of pituitary-derived PRL, LHB, FSHB and GNRHR and CL-derived LHR mRNA were quantified. Following a resumption of reproductive activity, no differences in ovulation incidence or plasma Prl concentrations were observed. Plasma Prl levels were less variable (P<0.001) in Prl-treated possums, confirming a self-regulatory role for Prl in this species. There was a marked down-regulation (P<0.001) of FSHB mRNA at the mid-luteal stage in Prl-treated possums, whereas mean PRL, LHB, GNRHR and LHR mRNA expression levels were not different between experimental groups. Plasma P(4) concentrations were not different (P=0.05) in Prl-treated possums, although tended to be higher in the peri-ovulatory and early-luteal phase. We conclude in the brushtail possum that Prl is self-regulated via a short-feedback loop common to all mammals studied and is able to modulate FSHB expression probably at the level of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Crawford
- Reproduction Group, AgResearch Ltd., Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Ward Street, P.O. Box 40063, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
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Zhernakova A, Stahl EA, Trynka G, Raychaudhuri S, Festen E, Franke L, Fehrmann RSN, Kurreeman FAS, Thomson B, Gupta N, Romanos J, McManus R, Ryan AW, Turner G, Remmers EF, Greco L, Toes R, Grandone E, Mazzilli MC, Rybak A, Cukrowska B, Li Y, de Bakker PIW, Gregersen PK, Worthington J, Siminovitch KA, Klareskog L, Huizinga TWJ, Wijmenga C, Plenge RM. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in celiac disease and rheumatoid arthritis identifies fourteen non-HLA shared loci. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148965.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Howell J, Yiu M, Gibson R, Thomson B, Stella D, Gorelik A, Prichard PJ, Nicoll AJ. Type 2 diabetes does not worsen prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:214-20. [PMID: 21501980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. The prevalence of T2DM among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing. However, the effect of T2DM on the natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma is not known. AIM To examine the effect of T2DM on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival in treated and untreated disease. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on HCC cases diagnosed during 2000-2005, and prospectively during 2006-August 2007. Demographics, HCC staging, response to treatment, and survival were collected. A comparison was made between patients with T2DM and without T2DM. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-five patients were recruited in total; 58 (43%) had T2DM. Seventy (37 diabetic) patients were treated with percutaneous radiological therapies, with 168 treatments given. Treatment was determined by AASLD guidelines and patient tolerance, there was no randomisation. There was no significant difference in survival between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. There was a nonsignificant trend towards greater survival in diabetic patients (overall median survival diabetics 21 mths vs nondiabetics 5 mths, P=0.355). CONCLUSIONS T2DM does not negatively impact on the natural history of treated or untreated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Howell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Vic. 3050, Australia
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Thomson B, Fraser J, Timms D, Dunning J, Dunster K. Initial acute in vivo animal experience with the BiVACOR rotary bi-ventricular assist device. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2008.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kenny JR, Chen L, McGinnity DF, Grime K, Shakesheff KM, Thomson B, Riley R. Efficient assessment of the utility of immortalized Fa2N-4 cells for cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction studies using multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and substrate cassette methodologies. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:1500-17. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250802495846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rosenberg AR, Hawkins DS, Thomson B. Retrospective evaluation of variables affecting survival among infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A single institution experience. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wilson JL, Kalade A, Prasad S, Cade R, Thomson B, Banting S, Mackay S, Desmond PV, Chen RYM. Diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Intern Med J 2008; 39:32-7. [PMID: 18422561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is increasingly being used in the staging algorithm for pancreatic carcinoma. This allows for a tissue diagnosis, which was previously difficult to obtain. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of EUS-FNA in establishing the diagnosis of solid pancreatic mass lesions in an Australian population. METHODS A retrospective review of the EUS databases of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Western Hospital, Melbourne from November 2002 to May 2006 was undertaken. The focus was on patients with a solid pancreatic mass who underwent EUS-FNA. Surgical pathology or long-term follow up was used to identify false-positive or false-negative results. RESULTS EUS was undertaken to investigate a solid pancreatic or distal common bile duct mass lesion in 155 patients. Seventy-two of these underwent EUS-guided FNA. Mean age was 68 years. A positive tissue diagnosis of malignancy could be made in 55 (76%). Nine (13%) had benign histology, with 8 (11%) having inadequate tissue obtained from FNA. A later tissue diagnosis of carcinoma was made in eight of those with either benign or inadequate histology, although in all cases there were EUS features diagnostic of malignancy, with FNA limited by technical difficulties. The overall utility of EUS-FNA showed a sensitivity of 87%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 52% and overall accuracy 89%. CONCLUSION EUS-FNA gives a high return for histological diagnosis of solid pancreatic mass lesions and should be part of the standard management algorithm for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wilson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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Wilson JL, Kalade A, Prasad S, Cade R, Thomson B, Banting S, Mackay S, Desmond PV, Chen RYM. Diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Intern Med J 2008. [PMID: 18422561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5995.2008.01633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is increasingly being used in the staging algorithm for pancreatic carcinoma. This allows for a tissue diagnosis, which was previously difficult to obtain. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of EUS-FNA in establishing the diagnosis of solid pancreatic mass lesions in an Australian population. METHODS A retrospective review of the EUS databases of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Western Hospital, Melbourne from November 2002 to May 2006 was undertaken. The focus was on patients with a solid pancreatic mass who underwent EUS-FNA. Surgical pathology or long-term follow up was used to identify false-positive or false-negative results. RESULTS EUS was undertaken to investigate a solid pancreatic or distal common bile duct mass lesion in 155 patients. Seventy-two of these underwent EUS-guided FNA. Mean age was 68 years. A positive tissue diagnosis of malignancy could be made in 55 (76%). Nine (13%) had benign histology, with 8 (11%) having inadequate tissue obtained from FNA. A later tissue diagnosis of carcinoma was made in eight of those with either benign or inadequate histology, although in all cases there were EUS features diagnostic of malignancy, with FNA limited by technical difficulties. The overall utility of EUS-FNA showed a sensitivity of 87%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 52% and overall accuracy 89%. CONCLUSION EUS-FNA gives a high return for histological diagnosis of solid pancreatic mass lesions and should be part of the standard management algorithm for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wilson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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Thomas RJ, Bennett A, Thomson B, Shakesheff KM. Hepatic stellate cells on poly(DL-lactic acid) surfaces control the formation of 3D hepatocyte co-culture aggregates in vitro. Eur Cell Mater 2006; 11:16-26; discussion 26. [PMID: 16435280 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v011a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the functional superiority of cells cultured as 3D aggregates or on 3D scaffolds over conventional 2D monolayer cultures has created interest in material and cell based methods that influence the formation and structure of multicellular aggregates in vitro. We have created a co-culture of primary rat hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells on a poly(DL-lactic acid) surface, a poor substrate for rat hepatocyte adhesion, to study the dynamics of multicellular spheroid formation and the resultant cell arrangement. The poly(DL-lactic acid) surface allows dynamic and rapid interaction of hepatocytes and stellate cells to form co-culture spheroids in a complex multistage process (shown by time lapse microscopy). This spheroid morphology supports enhanced cell viability relative to a mono-culture mono-layer system (measured by lactate dehydrogenase leakage). The distribution of the aggregating cell type in the final structure is related to the mechanics of formation i.e. mainly central and peripheral. This study provides a unique and generically applicable insight into the dynamics of multicellular spheroid formation where aggregation is induced by one cell type and imposed on another. This has implications for 3D cell culture models and a wide number of currently used stromal co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Thomas
- Tissue Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Thomson B. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Hepatitis C and Injecting Drug Use: Impact, Costs and Policy Options (2004). EMCDDA Monograph Series no. 72004. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Silviu-Dan F, Thomson B, Melanson M. Predicting factors for development of work-related caddis fly allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meshinchi S, Thomson B, Finn LS, Leisenring W, Green C, Radich JP, Loken M, Hawkins D. Comparison of multidimensional flow cytometry with standard morphology for evaluation of early marrow response in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2001; 23:585-90. [PMID: 11902302 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200112000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF) with morphology in evaluating early marrow response to induction chemotherapy in pediatric ALL. METHODS Chemotherapy response was determined by standard morphology or by MDF assessed by residual leukemic cell percentage remaining in the marrow on days 7, 14, and 28 of induction. Bone marrow response was classified as M3 (>25% leukemic blasts) or M1/M2 (< or = 25% leukemic blasts). Multidimensional flow cytometry evaluation was compared with that of standard morphology. Available day-7 and day-14 marrow slides were also reevaluated by a single pathologist without patients' clinical information. RESULTS Of 46 day-7 specimens, eight (17%) had discordant MDF and morphologic results (P < 0.001), including six classified as M3 by morphology but were M1/M2 by MDF, and two were classified as M3 by MDF but were M1/M2 by morphology. Of 24 day-14 bone marrow specimens, five (20.5%) were discordant (P < 0.001), including two classified as M3 by morphology but were M1/M2 by MDF, and three were classified as M3 by MDF but were M1/M2 by morphology. Reevaluation of the blinded day-7 and day-14 marrow slides yielded discordance between repeated pathology readings of 11% (P < 0.001) and 6% (P = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION Our data show significant discordance between the morphologic and MDF evaluation of early marrow response. Early response to therapy is a significant prognostic indicator in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is used to alter subsequent treatment; thus, precise assessment of response is important. A larger comparison of MDF with morphology for the evaluation of early response, including correlation with clinical outcome, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
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Abstract
Cartilage has a poor reparative capacity although it is unclear as to what extent this may be dependent on age or maturation. In the current study, the cellular responses of chondrocytes to experimental wounding in vitro using embryonic, immature, and mature cartilage have been compared. In all cases, the response was consistent (a combination of cell death that included apoptosis and proliferation). The speed of response varied in terms of cell death with embryonic cartilage showing the most rapid response and mature cartilage showing the slowest response. Intrinsic repair as assessed by the ability to heal the lesion was not detected in any of the culture systems used. It was concluded that the poor repair potential of cartilage is not maturation dependent in the systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tew
- Connective Tissue Biology Laboratory, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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Brahmi Z, Hommel-Berrey G, Smith F, Thomson B. NK cells recover early and mediate cytotoxicity via perforin/granzyme and Fas/FasL pathways in umbilical cord blood recipients. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:782-90. [PMID: 11476901 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is now widely accepted as a source of stem cells in patients with malignant hematologic and genetic disorders. We have recently reported that in a series of 30 pediatric UCB transplant recipients comparable outcome to that anticipated with other unrelated stem cell sources. In our series, however, the probability of GVHD for grade III-IV was 9% and no UCB recipient developed chronic GVHD. The reason for the low incidence of GVHD after UCB transplantation is not fully understood. Because functional NK cells are among the first population of lymphocytes to be detected in UCB transplant recipients, 2 months post-transplant on average, we wanted to establish whether NK cells could be implicated in reducing the risk of GVHD. Here, we confirm that early NK cells detected in UCB transplant recipients activate the granzyme/perforin lytic pathway and, in addition, they can mediate Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) activity, a finding not previously reported. Both pathways develop simultaneously and are detectable months before the other lymphocytes, notably CD8 are fully functional. Our contention, therefore, is that the low GVHD observed in UCB recipients may be partially due to early NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Brahmi
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE DNA repair enzymes have a critical role in cellular maintenance and survival. The enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor 1 (APE/ref1), a key protein in the base excision repair pathway, displays both repair and redox control. We examined the role of APE/ref1 in pediatric embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an immunohistochemical method, fixed tissue from 31 newly diagnosed pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas were evaluated for expression of APE/ref1. Tissue was obtained from Indiana University and the Cooperative Human Tissue Network. RESULTS We demonstrated high levels of expression within the localized and metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. This contrasted with both localized and metastatic ARMS, which had low levels of APE/ref1 expression. This histology-specific difference proved to be significant (P = 0.003). Furthermore, the expression within all tumors examined was localized to the nucleus and did not differ between localized and metastatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS We propose several hypotheses to explain this histology-specific expression of APE/ref1 in pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas. Because the majority of ARMS expressed either the PAX3/FKHR or PAX7/FKHR fusion transcript, the low level of expression may be related to the redox activity of APE/ref1. The low levels may also be related to the bioreductive activity of APE/ref 1.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Biotransformation/physiology
- Carbon-Oxygen Lyases/biosynthesis
- Carbon-Oxygen Lyases/genetics
- Carbon-Oxygen Lyases/physiology
- Cell Nucleus/enzymology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA Repair
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Daunorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Feedback
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein O1
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/drug therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/enzymology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/pathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/drug therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/enzymology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/pathology
- Single-Blind Method
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/enzymology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thomson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
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Lau Q, Thomson B, Burstow D, Tesar P, Tam R. Is an annuloplasty ring necessary in mitral valve repair for isolated posterior leaflet prolapse? Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.0948x.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smith FO, Thomson B. T-cell recovery following marrow transplant: experience with delayed lymphocyte infusions to accelerate immune recovery or treat infectious problems. Pediatr Transplant 1999; 3 Suppl 1:59-64. [PMID: 10587973 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.1999.00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
All forms of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation are complicated by delayed immune reconstitution, which results in an increased risk of infectious complications and relapse of disease. Donor lymphocyte infusions have been used in an attempt to enhance immune recovery and for the prevention and treatment of specific infections following transplantation. While there is little data to support the use of donor lymphocytes for the enhancement of general immune function post-transplant, unselected and virus-specific donor T cells may have efficacy for the prophylaxis and treatment of infections and disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). While donor lymphocyte infusions may cause significant morbidity and mortality, they are a novel and potentially powerful approach for the treatment of frequently fatal post-transplant infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
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Kostrikis LG, Neumann AU, Thomson B, Korber BT, McHardy P, Karanicolas R, Deutsch L, Huang Y, Lew JF, McIntosh K, Pollack H, Borkowsky W, Spiegel HM, Palumbo P, Oleske J, Bardeguez A, Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J, Wolinsky SM, Koup RA, Ho DD, Moore JP. A polymorphism in the regulatory region of the CC-chemokine receptor 5 gene influences perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to African-American infants. J Virol 1999; 73:10264-71. [PMID: 10559343 PMCID: PMC113080 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.12.10264-10271.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/1999] [Accepted: 09/07/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are natural mutations in the coding and noncoding regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CC-chemokine coreceptor 5 (CCR5) and in the related CCR2 protein (the CCR2-64I mutation). Individuals homozygous for the CCR5-Delta32 allele, which prevents CCR5 expression, strongly resist HIV-1 infection. Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified within the CCR5 5' regulatory region, some of which influence the rate of disease progression in adult AIDS study cohorts. We genotyped 1,442 infants (1,235 uninfected and 207 HIV-1 infected) for five CCR5 and CCR2 polymorphisms: CCR5-59353-T/C, CCR5-59356-C/T CCR5-59402-A/G, CCR5-Delta32, and CCR2-64I. The clinical significance of each genotype was assessed by measuring whether it influenced the rate of perinatal HIV-1 transmission among 667 AZT-untreated mother-infant pairs (554 uninfected and 113 HIV-1 infected). We found that the mutant CCR5-59356-T allele is relatively common in African-Americans (20.6% allele frequency among 552 infants) and rare in Caucasians and Hispanics (3.4 and 5.6% of 174 and 458 infants, respectively; P < 0.001). There were 38 infants homozygous for CCR5-59356-T, of whom 35 were African-Americans. Among the African-American infants in the AZT-untreated group, there was a highly significant increase in HIV-1 transmission to infants with two mutant CCR5-59356-T alleles (47.6% of 21), compared to those with no or one mutant allele (13.4 to 14.1% of 187 and 71, respectively; P < 0.001). The increased relative risk was 5.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 15.3; P < 0.001). The frequency of the CCR5-59356-T mutation varies between population groups in the United States, a low frequency occurring in Caucasians and a higher frequency occurring in African-Americans. Homozygosity for CCR5-59356-T is strongly associated with an increased rate of perinatal HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Kostrikis
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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Thomson B, Hawkins D, Felgenhauer J, Radich J. RT-PCR evaluation of peripheral blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells in children and adolescents undergoing VACIME chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:527-33. [PMID: 10482938 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood stem cell support allows dose intensification of multiple cycle chemotherapy for metastatic tumors, including pediatric sarcomas. The VACIME protocol (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mesna and etoposide) utilizes peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) collected following the treatment cycle as support for subsequent dose- and time-intensive chemotherapy. A critical assumption is that PBSC collected in this manner will be purged of residual tumor cells in vivo. We tested this assumption using sensitive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess the presence of the characteristic translocations of the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), t(11;22), and t(2;13), respectively. We used RT-PCR to evaluate 122 samples of peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) and PBSC collected from 12 pediatric patients with metastatic ESFT and ARMS. The samples included pre-therapy BM and PB, as well as BM, PB, and PBSC collections at various times in the VACIME treatment course. Molecular evidence of tumor contamination was detected in 1/40 PBSC collections from 12 patients. In all patients, we documented clearance of disease by RT-PCR in peripheral blood and bone marrow by week 9 of the VACIME protocol. In vivo purging in combination with the intensive VACIME regime appears to be effective in removing tumor cells from PBSC, bone marrow, and peripheral blood as detected by RT-PCR.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Purging
- Bone Neoplasms/blood
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/adverse effects
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/adverse effects
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein O1
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Humans
- Ifosfamide/administration & dosage
- Ifosfamide/adverse effects
- Male
- Mesna/administration & dosage
- Mesna/adverse effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- PAX3 Transcription Factor
- Paired Box Transcription Factors
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/blood
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/drug therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/blood
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/blood
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thomson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
This paper was presented to an expert workshop on meat intake and colorectal cancer risk, held in Adelaide, Australia on 4 December 1998, as a contribution to discussion of the possible role of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in colorectal cancer. HCAs, which are genotoxic and carcinogenic to experimental animals, are formed in fish, meat and meat residues under certain cooking conditions which are relevant to human lifestyle practices. The most important variables contributing to the formation of HCAs are: cooking temperature (>150 degrees C), cooking time (>2 min), cooking method (frying, oven grilling/broiling, barbecuing), and meat type (e.g. sausage < whole meat). Humans will be exposed to HCAs from the consumption of meat or fish cooked by these methods and from the consumption of gravy prepared from pan residues. Approximately one-third of the meat consumed on a daily basis in New Zealand is cooked by methods likely to result in the formation of HCAs. When intake estimates are combined with animal cancer potency data, the greatest contributor to cancer risk is from the consumption of chicken. Red meat is no more implicated than any other meat type. Although the role of HCA in human cancer is yet to be clearly established, exposure can be minimized by lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thomson
- Department of Law, University of Sheffield, UK
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Begley CG, Basser R, Mansfield R, Thomson B, Parker WR, Layton J, To B, Cebon J, Sheridan WP, Fox RM, Green MD. Enhanced levels and enhanced clonogenic capacity of blood progenitor cells following administration of stem cell factor plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to humans. Blood 1997; 90:3378-89. [PMID: 9345020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of hematopoietic growth factors is being used increasingly to obtain populations of blood progenitor/stem cells (PBPC) for clinical transplantation. Here we examined the effect of combining stem cell factor (SCF ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF ) versus G-CSF alone in a randomized clinical study involving 62 women with early-stage breast cancer. In the first patient cohorts, escalating doses of SCF were administered for 7 days with concurrent G-CSF administration. At baseline, levels of progenitor cells in the bone marrow or blood were comparable in the different patient groups. As with administration of G-CSF alone, the combination of SCF plus G-CSF did not alter the wide variation in levels of PBPC observed between individuals and did not alter the selective nature of PBPC release, with preferential release of day-14 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CFC) versus day-7 GM-CFC. However, SCF acted to sustain the levels of PBPC after cessation of growth factor treatment; levels of PBPC were elevated 100-fold at later timepoints compared with G-CSF alone. In addition, the maximum levels of PBPC observed were increased approximately fivefold at day 5 of growth-factor administration. The increased levels of PBPC resulted in significantly increased levels of PBPC obtained by leukapheresis. In a subsequent patient cohort, 3-days pretreatment with SCF was introduced and followed by 7 days concurrent SCF plus G-CSF. The 3-days pretreatment with SCF resulted in an earlier wave of PBPC release in response to commencement of G-CSF. In addition, maximum PBPC levels in blood and PBPC yield in leukapheresis products were further increased. Unexpectedly however, SCF pretreatment resulted in progenitor cells with enhanced self-generation potential. Recloning assays documented the ability of approximately 30% of primary granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colonies from control cell populations to generate secondary GM colonies (n = 1,106 primary colonies examined). In contrast approximately 90% of GM colonies from PBPC after SCF pretreatment generated secondary clones and 65% generated secondary colonies. The action of SCF was not explicable in terms of altered SCF, GM-CSF, or G-CSF responsiveness, but SCF pretreatment was associated with maximum serum SCF levels at the time G-CSF was commenced. These results show that PBPC populations mobilized by different growth factor regimens can differ in their functional properties and caution against solely considering number of harvested progenitor cells without regard to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Begley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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