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Songjanthuek P, Saleepochn T, Pluempanupat W, Yongsmith B, Kongkathip B, Wattana-Amorn P. Combination of 1H and 13C NMR for quantitative analysis of the orange pigments produced by Monascus kaoliang KB9. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1406-1409. [PMID: 34933631 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two orange pigments, rubropunctatin (1) and monascorubrin (2), along with the yellow pigments, monascin (3) and ankaflavin (4), were isolated from M. kaoliang KB9-fermented rice, also known as red yeast rice. The orange pigments exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities and appeared to be the major components of this fermented rice. In this work, quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) and 13C NMR experiments were used to determine the amounts of the two orange pigments in a crude extract in which most of the 1H NMR signals of the two compounds were indistinguishable. The quantitative values obtained by NMR techniques were found to be similar to those obtained by HPLC. Thus, the combined qHNMR with 13C experiment described in this work could be further developed to quantifying Monascus pigments or other invaluable natural products when qHNMR alone is insufficient for quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacharaphan Songjanthuek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tharinee Saleepochn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Pluempanupat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Busaba Yongsmith
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources (CASTNAR), National Research University-Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonsong Kongkathip
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Promsuk G, Chuawong P, Songjanthuek P, Thaisri S, Yongsmith B, Wattana-Amorn P. Absolute configuration of azaphilones from Monascus kaoliang KB9 and solvent effects on their keto and enol forms. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35142570 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2034812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monascus fermented rice, also known as red yeast rice, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities due to its chemical constituents, such as monacolins and azaphilone pigments. Here, we cultured Monascus kaoliang KB9 in a liquid malt medium instead of on rice as a carbon source. Eleven known compounds (1-11) containing azaphilones and their early intermediate were isolated and identified. However, this was the first time that angular tricyclic azaphilones, monasfluols A (4) and B (7), acetyl-monasfluol A (5) and monasfluore A (6), were isolated from this species. Interestingly, all isolated tricyclic azaphilones existed exclusively in enol form in CD3OD, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of compounds 4-7 was also first experimentally identified based on ECD spectroscopy combined with conformational analyses using computational techniques. The assigned stereochemistry of Monascus azaphilones in this work provides essential structural information that will benefit future biological and pharmaceutical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunlatida Promsuk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitak Chuawong
- Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pacharaphan Songjanthuek
- Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supunnee Thaisri
- Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Busaba Yongsmith
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources (CASTNAR), National Research University-Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Klinsupa W, Phansiri S, Thongpradis P, Yongsmith B, Pothiratana C. Enhancement of yellow pigment production by intraspecific protoplast fusion of Monascus spp. yellow mutant (ade(-)) and white mutant (prototroph). J Biotechnol 2016; 217:62-71. [PMID: 26562446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To breed industrially useful strains of a slow-growing, yellow pigment producing strain of Monascus sp., protoplasts of Monascus purpureus yellow mutant (ade(-)) and rapid-growing M. purpureus white mutant (prototroph) were fused and fusants were selected on minimal medium (MM). Preliminary conventional protoplast fusion of the two strains was performed and the result showed that only white colonies were detected on MM. It was not able to differentiate the fusants from the white parental prototroph. To solve this problem, the white parental prototroph was thus pretreated with 20mM iodoacetamide (IOA) for cytoplasm inactivation and subsequently taken into protoplast fusion with slow-growing Monascus yellow mutant. Under this development technique, only the fusants, with viable cytoplasm from Monascus yellow mutant (ade(-)), could thus grow on MM, whereas neither IOA pretreated white parental prototroph nor yellow auxotroph (ade(-)) could survive. Fifty-three fusants isolated from yellow colonies obtained through this developed technique were subsequently inoculated on complete medium (MY agar). Fifteen distinguished yellow colonies from their parental yellow mutant were then selected for biochemical, morphological and fermentative properties in cassava starch and soybean flour (SS) broth. Finally, three most stable fusants (F7, F10 and F43) were then selected and compared in rice solid culture. Enhancement of yellow pigment production over the parental yellow auxotroph was found in F7 and F10, while enhanced glucoamylase activity was found in F43. The formation of fusants was further confirmed by monacolin K content, which was intermediate between the two parents (monacolin K-producing yellow auxotroph and non-monacolin K producing white prototroph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawan Klinsupa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Bureau of General Communicable Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanond Road, Muang District, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Salak Phansiri
- Scientific Equipment and Research Division, Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI), Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Panida Thongpradis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Busaba Yongsmith
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chetsada Pothiratana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Yongsmith B, Thongpradis P, Klinsupa W, Chantrapornchai W, Haruthaithanasan V. Fermentation and quality of yellow pigments from golden brown rice solid culture by a selected Monascus mutant. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8895-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yongsmith B, Kangsadalampai K. Fermentation of functional monascus yellow pigments on rice solid culture. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chayawat J, Jareonkitmongkol S, Songsasen A, Isariyodom S, Yongsmith B. Rice solid fermentation of monacolins and pigments by Monascus kaoliang KB9 and its color mutants. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Krairak S, Yamamura K, Irie R, Nakajima M, Shimizu H, Chim-Anage P, Yongsmith B, Shioya S. Maximizing yellow pigment production in fed-batch culture of Monascus sp. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 90:363-7. [PMID: 16232873 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2000] [Accepted: 06/01/2000] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Yellow pigment production in exponential fed-batch cultivation of Monascus sp. was studied. Due to the difficulty of measuring the optical density for accurate determination of the cell concentration, a capacitance probe was employed on-line. The feed rate needed to keep the specific growth rate, mu, constant in fed-batch culture was determined on the basis of the cell concentration measured by the capacitance probe. Control of mu was improved by using updated information on the cell concentration compared with the simple feed-forward determination method using the initial cell concentration only. The highest specific pigment production rate was achieved with a mu of 0.02 h(-1) in the feeding phase. However, among several fermentation examined, the largest pigment production in the final step was obtained at a mu of 0.01 h(-1); in each case the same amount of substrates was used. An investigation of the optimal initial glucose concentration revealed that pigment production was maximum when the initial glucose concentration in the batch mode was 10 g/l and mu was 0.01 h(-1) in the fed-batch mode. It was also found that the pellet weight in the fermentation could be accurately estimated by image analysis. The ratio of the mycelium weight to the total cell weight estimated from information on the total cell weight and the estimated pellet weight was found to be more than 80%. However, no clear quantitative relationship could be discerned between the specific pigment production rate, rho, and the ratio of mycelium in the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krairak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Jongrungruangchok S, Kittakoop P, Yongsmith B, Bavovada R, Tanasupawat S, Lartpornmatulee N, Thebtaranonth Y. Azaphilone pigments from a yellow mutant of the fungus Monascus kaoliang. Phytochemistry 2004; 65:2569-2575. [PMID: 15451319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Azaphilone pigments, monascusones A (1) and B (2), together with two known azaphilones, monascin (3) and FK17-P2b2 (4), were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of a yellow mutant of the fungus M. kaoliang grown on rice. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data. Monascusone A (1), the major metabolite of M. kaoliang, showed no antimalarial (against Plasmodium falciparum), antitubercular (against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra), and antifungal (toward Candida albicans) activities. Compound 1 exhibited no cytotoxicity against BC (breast cancer) and KB (human epidermoid carcinoma of cavity) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Jongrungruangchok
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Yongsmith B, Kitprechavanich V, Chitradon L, Chaisrisook C, Budda N. Color mutants of Monascus sp. KB9 and their comparative glucoamylases on rice solid culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yongsmith B, Tabloka W, Yongmanitchai W, Bavavoda R. Culture conditions for yellow pigment formation byMonascus sp. KB 10 grown on cassava medium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:85-90. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00656524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/03/1992] [Accepted: 07/16/1992] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yongsmith B, Sonomoto K, Tanaka A, Fukui S. Production of vitamin B12 by immobilized cells of a propionic acid bacterium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00500729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Vitamin B(12) production by a newly isolated strain of a methanol-utilizing bacterium was studied. The maximal yield of the vitamin, 2.6 mg/liter of medium was attained by optimization.
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