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Keum BR, Kim HJ, Lee J, Lee M, Hong SH, Chang HK, Han JK, Kim S, Chang DG, Kim GH. Heterogeneous osteoimmune profiles via single-cell transcriptomics in osteoporotic patients who fail bisphosphonate treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316871121. [PMID: 38346184 PMCID: PMC10895260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316871121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis arises from imbalanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and mounting evidence suggests a role for the osteoimmune system in bone homeostasis. Bisphosphonate (BP) is an antiresorptive agent, but its treatment failure rate can be as high as 40%. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral immune cells from carefully selected postmenopausal women: non-osteoporotic, osteoporosis improved after BP treatment, and BP-failed cases. We found an increase in myeloid cells in patients with osteoporosis (specifically, T cell receptor+ macrophages). Furthermore, lymphoid lineage cells varied significantly, notably elevated natural killer cells (NKs) in the BP-failed group. Moreover, we provide fruitful lists of biomarkers within the immune cells that exhibit condition-dependent differences. The existence of osteoporotic- and BP-failure-specific cellular information flows was revealed by cell-cell interaction analysis. These findings deepen our insight of the osteoporosis pathology enhancing comprehension of the role of immune heterogeneity in postmenopausal osteoporosis and BP treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA Co., Ltd., Daejeon34133, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul01757, Korea
| | - Juhun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyoung Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, Korea
| | - Ha Kyun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul15355, Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Gune Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul01757, Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA Co., Ltd., Daejeon34133, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon34134, Korea
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Keum BR, Kim HJ, Kim GH, Chang DG. Osteobiologies for Spinal Fusion from Biological Mechanisms to Clinical Applications: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17365. [PMID: 38139194 PMCID: PMC10743675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative lumbar spinal disease (DLSD), including spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis, is increasing due to the aging population. Along with the disease severity, lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is a mainstay of surgical treatment through decompression, the restoration of intervertebral heights, and the stabilization of motion segments. Currently, pseudoarthrosis after LIF is an important and unsolved issue, which is closely related to osteobiologies. Of the many signaling pathways, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway contributes to osteoblast differentiation, which is generally regulated by SMAD proteins as common in the TGF-β superfamily. BMP-2 and -4 are also inter-connected with Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and FGF signaling pathways. With the potent potential for osteoinduction in BMP-2 and -4, the combination of allogenous bone and recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) is currently an ideal fusion material, which has equalized or improved fusion rates compared to traditional materials. However, safety issues in the dosage of BMP remain, so overcoming current limitations will provide significant advancement in spine surgery. In the future, translational research and the application of clinical study will be important to overcome the current limitations of spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Rak Keum
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Gune Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea;
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Koo Y, Han W, Keum BR, Lutz L, Yun SH, Kim GH, Han JK. RNF2 regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling via TCF7L1 destabilization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19750. [PMID: 37957244 PMCID: PMC10643375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of various biological processes, such as development and cancer. The downstream transcription factors in this pathway play a vital role in determining the threshold for signaling induction and the length of the response, which vary depending on the biological context. Among the four transcription factors involved in canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, TCF7L1 is known to possess an inhibitory function; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified the E3 ligase, RNF2, as a novel positive regulator of the Wnt pathway. Here, we demonstrate that RNF2 promotes the degradation of TCF7L1 through its ubiquitination upon activation of Wnt signaling. Loss-of-function studies have shown that RNF2 consistently destabilizes nuclear TCF7L1 and is required for proper Wnt target gene transcription in response to Wnt activation. Furthermore, our results revealed that RNF2 controls the threshold, persistence, and termination of Wnt signaling by regulating TCF7L1. Overall, our study sheds light on the previously unknown degradation mechanism of TCF7L1 by a specific E3 ligase, RNF2, and provides new insights into the variability in cellular responses to Wnt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Han
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Lutz
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Keum BR, Yeo I, Koo Y, Han W, Choi SC, Kim GH, Han JK. Transmembrane protein 150b attenuates BMP signaling in the Xenopus organizer. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1850-1866. [PMID: 37435758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate organizer is a specified embryonic tissue that regulates dorsoventral patterning and axis formation. Although numerous cellular signaling pathways have been identified as regulators of the organizer's dynamic functions, the process remains incompletely understood, and as-yet unknown pathways remain to be explored for sophisticated mechanistic understanding of the vertebrate organizer. To identify new potential key factors of the organizer, we performed complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray screening using organizer-mimicking Xenopus laevis tissue. This analysis yielded a list of prospective organizer genes, and we determined the role of six-transmembrane domain containing transmembrane protein 150b (Tmem150b) in organizer function. Tmem150b was expressed in the organizer region and induced by Activin/Nodal signaling. In X. laevis, Tmem150b knockdown resulted in head defects and a shortened body axis. Moreover, Tmem150b negatively regulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, likely via physical interaction with activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2). These findings demonstrated that Tmem150b functions as a novel membrane regulatory factor of BMP signaling with antagonistic effects, contributing to the understanding of regulatory molecular mechanisms of organizer axis function. Investigation of additional candidate genes identified in the cDNA microarray analysis could further delineate the genetic networks of the organizer during vertebrate embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Inchul Yeo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Wonhee Han
- Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sun-Cheol Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Kim HJ, Chang HK, Chang DG, Ha J, Keum BR, Kim GH. Radiological Factors Associated with Bisphosphonate Treatment Failure and Their Impact on Fracture Healing in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113820. [PMID: 37298015 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bisphosphonate treatment failure is one of the most difficult clinical problems for patients with osteoporosis. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of bisphosphonate treatment failure, associated radiological factors, and effect of fracture healing in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). (2) Methods: A total of 300 postmenopausal patients with OVFs who were prescribed bisphosphonate were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to the treatment response: response (n = 116) and non-response (n = 184) groups. The radiological factors and the morphological patterns of OVFs were included in this study. (3) Results: The initial BMD values of the spine and femur in the non-response group were significantly lower than those in the response group (all Ps < 0.001). The initial BMD value of the spine (odd ratio = 1.962) and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) hip (odd ratio = 1.32) showed statistical significance in logistic regression analysis, respectively (all Ps < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The bisphosphonate non-responder group showed a greater decrease in BMD over time than the responder group. The initial BMD value of the spine and the FRAX hip could be considered radiological factors influencing bisphosphonate non-response in the postmenopausal patients with OVFs. The failure of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis has a possible negative on the fracture healing process in OVFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gyeonggibukbu Regional Military Manpower Administration, Seoul 11642, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Kyun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gune Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - JiYun Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science of Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 34133, Republic of Korea
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Choi EY, Lee SS, Hyeon JY, Choe SH, Keum BR, Lim JM, Park DC, Choi IS, Cho KK. Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1664-1674. [PMID: 27488844 PMCID: PMC5088388 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in macrophagocytes, which are processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of nuclear factor-κB was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS, the β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-Glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells that were stimulated by E. coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the β-glucan, and the inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) that was induced by the E. coli LPS. Overall, the β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocytes that was vitalized by the E .coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host immune response control by β-glucan weakens the progress of the inflammatory disease, β-glucan can be used as an effective immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Choi
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - J Y Hyeon
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - S H Choe
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - B R Keum
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - J M Lim
- Glucan Corporation, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea
| | - D C Park
- Glucan Corporation, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea
| | - I S Choi
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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