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Pham XH, Park SM, Ham KM, Kyeong S, Son BS, Kim J, Hahm E, Kim YH, Bock S, Kim W, Jung S, Oh S, Lee SH, Hwang DW, Jun BH. Synthesis and Application of Silica-Coated Quantum Dots in Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10116. [PMID: 34576279 PMCID: PMC8468474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles with outstanding optoelectronic properties. More specifically, QDs are highly bright and exhibit wide absorption spectra, narrow light bands, and excellent photovoltaic stability, which make them useful in bioscience and medicine, particularly for sensing, optical imaging, cell separation, and diagnosis. In general, QDs are stabilized using a hydrophobic ligand during synthesis, and thus their hydrophobic surfaces must undergo hydrophilic modification if the QDs are to be used in bioapplications. Silica-coating is one of the most effective methods for overcoming the disadvantages of QDs, owing to silica's physicochemical stability, nontoxicity, and excellent bioavailability. This review highlights recent progress in the design, preparation, and application of silica-coated QDs and presents an overview of the major challenges and prospects of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Seung-Min Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Kyeong-Min Ham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - San Kyeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Yoon-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Sungje Bock
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Wooyeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Seunho Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seocho-daero 40-gil, Seoul 06657, Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (K.-M.H.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (S.J.)
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Chang H, Rho WY, Son BS, Kim J, Lee SH, Jeong DH, Jun BH. Plasmonic Nanoparticles: Basics to Applications (I). Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1309:133-159. [PMID: 33782871 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6158-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the main characteristics of metal nanoparticles (NPs), especially consisting of noble metal such as Au and Ag, and brief information on their synthesis methods. The physical and chemical properties of the metal NPs are described, with a particular focus on the optically variable properties (surface plasmon resonance based properties) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering of plasmonic materials. In addition, this chapter covers ways to achieve advances by utilizing their properties in the biological studies and medical fields (such as imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics). These descriptions will help researchers new to nanomaterials for biomedical diagnosis to understand easily the related knowledge and also will help researchers involved in the biomedical field to learn about the latest research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Chang
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in various fields such as data storage, biomedicine, or bioimaging with their unique magnetic property. With their low toxicity, the importance of magnetic nanoparticles keeps increasing especially in biological field. In this chapter, content suitable for scientific inquirers or undergraduates to acquire basic knowledge about nanotechnology is introduced and then recent research trends in nanotechnology are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Kyeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Chang
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Huynh KH, Pham XH, Hahm E, An J, Kim HM, Jo A, Seong B, Kim YH, Son BS, Kim J, Rho WY, Jun BH. Facile Histamine Detection by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering using SiO 2@Au@Ag Alloy Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4048. [PMID: 32516981 PMCID: PMC7311956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine intoxication associated with seafood consumption represents a global health problem. The consumption of high concentrations of histamine can cause illnesses ranging from light symptoms, such as a prickling sensation, to death. In this study, gold-silver alloy-embedded silica (SiO2@Au@Ag) nanoparticles were created to detect histamine using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The optimal histamine SERS signal was measured following incubation with 125 μg/mL of SiO2@Au@Ag for 2 h, with a material-to-histamine solution volume ratio of 1:5 and a phosphate-buffered saline-Tween 20 (PBS-T) solvent at pH 7. The SERS intensity of the histamine increased proportionally with the increase in histamine concentration in the range 0.1-0.8 mM, with a limit of detection of 3.698 ppm. Our findings demonstrate the applicability of SERS using nanomaterials for histamine detection. In addition, this study demonstrates that nanoalloys could have a broad application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hung Huynh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaehyun An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Ahla Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Bomi Seong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yoon-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea;
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (J.A.); (H.-M.K.); (A.J.); (B.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (B.S.S.); (J.K.)
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Pham XH, Hahm E, Huynh KH, Kim HM, Son BS, Jeong DH, Jun BH. Sensitive and selective detection of 4-aminophenol in the presence of acetaminophen using gold–silver core–shell nanoparticles embedded in silica nanostructures. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pham XH, Hahm E, Kim HM, Son BS, Jo A, An J, Tran Thi TA, Nguyen DQ, Jun BH. Silica-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted onto Graphene Oxide for Protein Isolation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E117. [PMID: 31936217 PMCID: PMC7022723 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, silica-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs@SiO2) were covalently conjugated onto graphene oxide (GO/MNP@SiO2) for protein isolation. First, MNPs were precisely coated with a silica layer on the surface by using the reverse microemulsion method, followed by incubation with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) to produce the GPTS-functionalized MNPs@SiO2 (GPTS-coated MNPs@SiO2) that display epoxy groups on the surface. The silica shell on the MNPs was optimized at 300 µL of Igepal®CO-520, 5 mg of MNP, 100 µL of TEOS, 100 µL of NH4OH and 3% of 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS). Simultaneously, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was covalently conjugated to GO to enhance the stability of GO in aqueous solutions and create the reaction sites with epoxy groups on the surface of GPTS-coated MNP@SiO2. The ratio of PEI grafted GO and GPTS-coated MNP@SiO2 (GO/MNP ratio) was investigated to produce GO/MNPs@SiO2 with highly saturated magnetization without aggregation. As a result, the GO/MNP ratio of 5 was the best condition to produce the GO/MNP@SiO2 with 9.53 emu/g of saturation superparamagnetization at a magnetic field of 2.0 (T). Finally, the GO/MNPs@SiO2 were used to separate bovine serum albumin (BSA) to investigate its protein isolation ability. The quantity of BSA adsorbed onto 1 mg of GO/MNP@SiO2 increased sharply over time to reach 628 ± 9.3 µg/mg after 15 min, which was 3.5-fold-higher than that of GPTS-coated MNP@SiO2. This result suggests that the GO/MNP@SiO2 nanostructure can be used for protein isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Ahla Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Jaehyun An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Tuong An Tran Thi
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, VNU-HCMU University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (T.A.T.T.); (D.Q.N.)
| | - Dinh Quan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, VNU-HCMU University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (T.A.T.T.); (D.Q.N.)
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (X.-H.P.); (E.H.); (H.-M.K.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.); (J.A.)
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Pham XH, Hahm E, Huynh KH, Son BS, Kim HM, Jeong DH, Jun BH. 4-Mercaptobenzoic Acid Labeled Gold-Silver-Alloy-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles as an Internal Standard Containing Nanostructures for Sensitive Quantitative Thiram Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4841. [PMID: 31569479 PMCID: PMC6801479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, SiO2@Au@4-MBA@Ag (4-mercaptobenzoic acid labeled gold-silver-alloy-embedded silica nanoparticles) nanomaterials were investigated for the detection of thiram, a pesticide. First, the presence of Au@4-MBA@Ag alloys on the surface of SiO2 was confirmed by the broad bands of ultraviolet-visible spectra in the range of 320-800 nm. The effect of the 4-MBA (4-mercaptobenzoic acid) concentration on the Ag shell deposition and its intrinsic SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) signal was also studied. Ag shells were well coated on SiO2@Au@4-MBA in the range of 1-1000 µM. The SERS intensity of thiram-incubated SiO2@Au@4-MBA@Ag achieved the highest value by incubation with 500 µL thiram for 30 min, and SERS was measured at 200 µg/mL SiO2@Au@4-MBA@Ag. Finally, the SERS intensity of thiram at 560 cm-1 increased proportionally with the increase in thiram concentration in the range of 240-2400 ppb, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 72 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Kim-Hung Huynh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Pham XH, Hahm E, Kang E, Son BS, Ha Y, Kim HM, Jeong DH, Jun BH. Control of Silver Coating on Raman Label Incorporated Gold Nanoparticles Assembled Silica Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061258. [PMID: 30871136 PMCID: PMC6471565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal reproducibility in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) remains a challenge, limiting the scope of the quantitative applications of SERS. This drawback in quantitative SERS sensing can be overcome by incorporating internal standard chemicals between the core and shell structures of metal nanoparticles (NPs). Herein, we prepared a SERS-active core Raman labeling compound (RLC) shell material, based on Au⁻Ag NPs and assembled silica NPs (SiO₂@Au@RLC@Ag NPs). Three types of RLCs were used as candidates for internal standards, including 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and 4-methylbenzenethiol (4-MBT), and their effects on the deposition of a silver shell were investigated. The formation of the Ag shell was strongly dependent on the concentration of the silver ion. The negative charge of SiO₂@Au@RLCs facilitated the formation of an Ag shell. In various pH solutions, the size of the Ag NPs was larger at a low pH and smaller at a higher pH, due to a decrease in the reduction rate. The results provide a deeper understanding of features in silver deposition, to guide further research and development of a strong and reliable SERS probe based on SiO₂@Au@RLC@Ag NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunji Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Yuna Ha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education and Center for Educational Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Han Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Ha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
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