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Vaughan DP, Fumi R, Theilmann Jensen M, Georgiades T, Wu L, Lux D, Obrocki R, Lamoureux J, Ansorge O, Allinson K, Warner TT, Jaunmuktane Z, Misbahuddin A, Leigh PN, Ghosh B, Bhatia KP, Church A, Kobylecki C, Hu M, Rowe JB, Blauwendraat C, Morris HR, Jabbari E. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in PSP and CBS. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.28.24303478. [PMID: 38529496 PMCID: PMC10962751 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.24303478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Seed amplification assay (SAA) testing has become an important biomarker in the diagnosis of alpha-synuclein related neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives To assess the rate of alpha-synuclein SAA positivity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and analyse the clinical and pathological features of SAA positive and negative cases. Methods 106 CSF samples from clinically diagnosed PSP (n=59), CBS (n=37) and indeterminate parkinsonism cases (n=10) were analysed using alpha-synuclein SAA. Results Three cases (1 PSP, 2 CBS) were Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)-type SAA positive. 5/59 (8.5%) PSP cases were Parkinson's disease (PD)-type SAA positive, and these cases were older and had a shorter disease duration compared with SAA negative cases. In contrast, 9/35 (25.7%) CBS cases were PD-type SAA positive. Conclusions Our results suggest that PD-type seeds can be detected in PSP and CBS using a CSF alpha-synuclein SAA, and in PSP this may impact on clinical course.
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Langston RG, Beilina A, Reed X, Kaganovich A, Singleton AB, Blauwendraat C, Gibbs JR, Cookson MR. Association of a common genetic variant with Parkinson's disease is mediated by microglia. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabp8869. [PMID: 35895835 PMCID: PMC9809150 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp8869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies of multiple neurodegenerative disorders have identified many genetic variants that are associated with risk of disease throughout a lifetime. For example, Parkinson's disease (PD) risk is attributed in part to both coding mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene and to a common noncoding variation in the 5' region of the LRRK2 locus, as identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the mechanisms linking GWAS variants to pathogenicity are largely unknown. Here, we found that the influence of PD-associated noncoding variation on LRRK2 expression is specifically propagated through microglia and not by other cell types that express LRRK2 in the human brain. We find microglia-specific regulatory chromatin regions that modulate the LRRK2 expression in human frontal cortex and substantia nigra and confirm these results in a human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia model. We showed, using a large-scale clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) screen, that a regulatory DNA element containing the single-nucleotide variant rs6581593 influences the LRRK2 expression in microglia. Our study demonstrates that cell type should be considered when evaluating the role of noncoding variation in disease pathogenesis and sheds light on the mechanism underlying the association of the 5' region of LRRK2 with PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. G. Langston
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - A. Beilina
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - X. Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A. Kaganovich
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A. B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - C. Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J. R. Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M. R. Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Correspondence to: Mark R. Cookson PhD,
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Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Kim JJ, Makarious MB, Faghri F, Diez-Fairen M, Iwaki H, Leonard H, Botia J, Ryten M, Hernandez D, Gibbs JR, Ding J, Gan-Or Z, Noyce A, Pihlstrom L, Torkamani A, Soltis AR, Dalgard CL, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Ehrlich D, Scherzer CR, Bookman M, Cookson M, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. Correction to: Large‑scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:223-224. [PMID: 33944973 PMCID: PMC8496667 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02309-z
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - F Faghri
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - H Leonard
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Botia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - D Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J R Gibbs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Ding
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Z Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London and Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Pihlstrom
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Torkamani
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A R Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - S W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - B J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - D Ehrlich
- Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - C R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 0115, USA
| | - M Bookman
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - A B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Kim JJ, Makarious MB, Faghri F, Diez-Fairen M, Iwaki H, Leonard H, Botia J, Ryten M, Hernandez D, Gibbs JR, Ding J, Gan-Or Z, Noyce A, Pihlstrom L, Torkamani A, Soltis AR, Dalgard CL, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Ehrlich D, Scherzer CR, Bookman M, Cookson M, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. Large-scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:341-358. [PMID: 32601912 PMCID: PMC8096770 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polygenic inheritance plays a central role in Parkinson disease (PD). A priority in elucidating PD etiology lies in defining the biological basis of genetic risk. Unraveling how risk leads to disruption will yield disease-modifying therapeutic targets that may be effective. Here, we utilized a high-throughput and hypothesis-free approach to determine biological processes underlying PD using the largest currently available cohorts of genetic and gene expression data from International Parkinson's Disease Genetics Consortium (IPDGC) and the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson's disease initiative (AMP-PD), among other sources. We applied large-scale gene-set specific polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses to assess the role of common variation on PD risk focusing on publicly annotated gene sets representative of curated pathways. We nominated specific molecular sub-processes underlying protein misfolding and aggregation, post-translational protein modification, immune response, membrane and intracellular trafficking, lipid and vitamin metabolism, synaptic transmission, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, chromatin remodeling and apoptosis mediated by caspases among the main contributors to PD etiology. We assessed the impact of rare variation on PD risk in an independent cohort of whole-genome sequencing data and found evidence for a burden of rare damaging alleles in a range of processes, including neuronal transmission-related pathways and immune response. We explored enrichment linked to expression cell specificity patterns using single-cell gene expression data and demonstrated a significant risk pattern for dopaminergic neurons, serotonergic neurons, hypothalamic GABAergic neurons, and neural progenitors. Subsequently, we created a novel way of building de novo pathways by constructing a network expression community map using transcriptomic data derived from the blood of PD patients, which revealed functional enrichment in inflammatory signaling pathways, cell death machinery related processes, and dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Our analyses highlight several specific promising pathways and genes for functional prioritization and provide a cellular context in which such work should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - F Faghri
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - H Leonard
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Botia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - D Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J R Gibbs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Ding
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Z Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London and Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Pihlstrom
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Torkamani
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A R Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - S W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - B J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - D Ehrlich
- Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - C R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 0115, USA
| | - M Bookman
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - A B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Blauwendraat C, Dixon GLJ, Hartley JC, Foweraker J, Harris KA. The use of a two-gene sequencing approach to accurately distinguish between the species within the Mycobacterium abscessus complex and Mycobacterium chelonae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:1847-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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