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Formisano E, Proietti E, Borgarelli C, Sukkar SG, Albertelli M, Boschetti M, Pisciotta L. The impact of overweight on lipid phenotype in different forms of dyslipidemia: a retrospective cohort study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02368-5. [PMID: 38605186 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dyslipidemia plays a pivotal role in increasing cardiovascular risk. In clinical practice the misleading association between altered lipid profile and obesity is common, therefore genetically inherited dyslipidemias may not completely be addressed among patients with overweight. Thus, we aim to investigate the influence of overweight and obesity on the lipid phenotype in a cohort of patients with different forms of dyslipidemia. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with dyslipidemia from 2015 to 2022. Patients were stratified in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), non-familial hyperlipidemia or polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH). Clinical characteristics and lipid profile were evaluated. RESULTS Of the total of 798 patients, 361 were affected by non-familial hyperlipidemia (45.2%), while FCHL, FH and PH was described in 19.9%, 14.0% and 20.9% of patients, respectively. Overweight prevalence was higher in FCHL and non-familial hyperlipidemia patients than FH and PH patients. Subjects with overweight and obesity were independently associated with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to patients with normal weight (52.4 and 46.0 vs 58.1, respectively; p < 0.0001); levels of triglycerides (TG) and non-HDL-C were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than patients with normal weight (257.3 and 290.9 vs 194.8, and 221.5 and 219.6 vs 210.1, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while no differences were observed between patients with overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION While dyslipidemias can be influenced by various factors, an important determinant may lie in genetics, frequently acting as an underlying cause of altered lipid profiles, even in cases of overweight conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Formisano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Proietti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Borgarelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S G Sukkar
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Boschetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Sukkar SG, Gallo F, Borrini C, Vaccaro A, Marchello C, Boicelli R, Borgarelli C, Solari P, Ratto CE, Ravera G. Effects of a new mixture of essential amino acids (Aminotrofic(®)) in malnourished haemodialysis patients. Med J Nutrition Metab 2012; 5:259-266. [PMID: 23227299 PMCID: PMC3514698 DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the clinical efficacy of a diet associated with already commercially available oral amino acid functional cluster (AFC) compared to the administration of a diet associated with a nitrogen protein-based supplement (casein) in antagonizing malnutrition in patients with Chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing haemodialysis. The secondary aim was to assess the changes in protein levels during the acute phase such as the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Twenty patients in haemodialysis aged between 18 and 85 of both genders (13 m, 7f) were recruited, randomized and divided into two groups and treated for 4 months respectively with: (1) oral AFC supplement (*)8 g/die: group A, and (2) oral supplementation of a protein nitrogenous mixture compared to AFC with a casein protein source) of 6.6 g: group P. During the initial assessment and thereafter on a monthly basis all patients underwent the following: Dietary recall 24 h; Anthropometric: Weight, height, BMI, expected dry weight, actual weight; Biochemical: Albumin, transferrin, Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, long-interval creatinine (Aminotrofic(®): Errekappa Euroterapici, Milano) pre-albumin, α1 acid glycoprotein, C reactive protein (CRP), protein nitrogen appearance (PNA); Instrumental: Handgrip strength evaluation, Calorimetry by means of Armband, Bio-impedance analysis (BIA), Spitzer Index (quality of life), Subjective Global Assessment Generated by the patient (PG SGA). Considering the nutritional parameters, no significant differences concerning dry weight emerged between the beginning (T0) and the end (T4) (weight A to T0: kg 64.41 ± 6.34; weight A to T4: kg 64.51 ± 7.05: P = NS; weight P to T0: kg 60.17 ± 11.94; weight P to T4: kg 59.86 ± 11.43: P = NS); biochemical parameters, significant differences were observed only for two parameters: pre-albumin (Pre-albumin A to T0 30.12 ± 7.23; Pre-albumin A to T4: 28.91 ± 5.8; Pre-albumin P to T0 22.51 ± 6.04; Pre-albumin P to T4: 26.10 ± 9.82), and Transferrin (Transferrin A to T0 171.77 ± 28.87 mg/dL, Transferrin A to T4: 181.44 ± 38.83 mg/dL: P < 0.005; Transferrin P to T0 160.29 ± 27.46 mg/dL, Transferrin P to T4: 146.57 ± 24.96 mg/dL: P < 0.005), but not in other parameters. From a nutritional perspective, after 4 months of treatment an increase in protein synthesis was noted in group A compared to group P which was proved by the significant increase of transferrin. This pilot study suggests the AFC oral supplementation may represent a valid alternative to intradialytic parenteral treatment and may also allow for an improvement in blood chemical values and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Sukkar
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - F. Gallo
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borrini
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Vaccaro
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Marchello
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - R. Boicelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borgarelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Solari
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. E. Ratto
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Ravera
- Istituto di Statistica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Genoa, Italy
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Sukkar S, Gallo F, Borrini C, Vaccaro A, Marchello C, Boicelli R, Borgarelli C, Solari P, Ratto CE, Ravera G. Effects of a new mixture of essential amino acids (Aminotrofic®) in malnourished haemodialysis patients. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012. [DOI: 10.3233/s12349-012-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.G. Sukkar
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy. e-mail:
| | - F. Gallo
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borrini
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy. e-mail:
| | - A. Vaccaro
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy. e-mail:
| | - C. Marchello
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - R. Boicelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borgarelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Solari
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. E. Ratto
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Ravera
- Istituto di Statistica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Genoa, Italy
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