Evaluation of Social Media Use Disorder in Medical Faculty Students

Background

Recently, social media usage disorder has become a behavioral addiction with the internet which has entered our daily life rapidly. One of the important factors considered to be associated with social media use disorder is thought to be loneliness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the social media use disorder in medical school students.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on the students who were studying in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between January 2 and February 28, 2019. The study group consisted of 422 internet user students. The level of social media usage was assessed by Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD-scale). The level of loneliness was evaluated with the short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation analysis were used.

Results

Of the participants 226 (53.6%) was male. The age of the study group ranged from 17 to 29 years and the mean (SD) was 19.78 (1.33) years. The scores obtained from SMD-scale ranged from 0 to 63, with a mean of 12.18±10.35 (median = 9.0). All students had at least one social media account. In the study, no difference was found between the scores obtained from gender, age group, father’s education status, family income status and family type. While the scores of the students whose mothers have a university education level are lower; those who spent more than 2 hours a day on social media had a higher score. There was a weak positive correlation between the scores obtained from SMD-scale and ULS-8 (p < 0.001, r = 0.215). There was a weak negative correlation between the scores obtained from the SMD-scale and the academic grade point average (p = 0.012, r = -0.123).

Conclusions

It is concluded that the correct use of social media can be increased by informing about this issue. Increasing platforms such as student clubs in which individuals could socialize in real life may be useful in reducing this disorder.

Key messages

Public health studies could help prevent social media use disorder transform into more serious health problem in future. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of social media use disorders on mental and physical health.

Association of NFKB1 and NFKBIA polymorphisms in relation to susceptibility of Behçet's disease

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Although raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines in BD have been reported, the pathogenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of NFKB1 and NFKBIA polymorphisms and their single and combined analysis effects on susceptibility of BD in Turkish population. We analysed the distribution of NFKB1 -94 ins/del ATTG (rs28362491) and NFKBIA 3' UTR A→G (rs696) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP method in 89 patients with BD and 190 controls in this population. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by calculating OR, and 95% CI via χ(2) test and using Bonferroni correction. According to the significant results of both single and combined genotype analysis, the frequencies of ins/ins genotype and ins allele of rs28362491 were significantly higher in patients with BD (Pc = 0.003, 0.004, respectively). Also, higher frequencies of the rs696 variant containing AA genotype was found in patients with BD (Pc = 0.0033), whereas no statistical significant differences in distribution of the alleles of rs696 polymorphism in patients and controls. In addition, according to the combined genotype analysis, the wild type of both rs28362491 and rs696 polymorphisms (ins/ins/AA genotype) was also significantly higher in BD cases (Pc = 0.044). Our findings prove that both single and combined genotype analysis of rs28362491 and rs696 polymorphisms indicate that the wild genotypes of both two SNPs (ins/ins and AA genotypes) and ins/ins/AA combined genotype are strongly associated with enhanced risk of BD in a Turkish population.

Effectiveness of progestogens to improve perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies: an individual participant data meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

In twin pregnancies, the rates of adverse perinatal outcome and subsequent long-term morbidity are substantial, and mainly result from preterm birth (PTB).

OBJECTIVES

To assess the effectiveness of progestogen treatment in the prevention of neonatal morbidity or PTB in twin pregnancies using individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA).

SEARCH STRATEGY

We searched international scientific databases, trial registration websites, and references of identified articles.

SELECTION CRITERIA

Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17Pc) or vaginally administered natural progesterone, compared with placebo or no treatment.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Investigators of identified RCTs were asked to share their IPD. The primary outcome was a composite of perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed for chorionicity, cervical length, and prior spontaneous PTB.

MAIN RESULTS

Thirteen trials included 3768 women and their 7536 babies. Neither 17Pc nor vaginal progesterone reduced the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome (17Pc relative risk, RR 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.97-1.4, vaginal progesterone RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.77-1.2). In a subgroup of women with a cervical length of ≤25 mm, vaginal progesterone reduced adverse perinatal outcome when cervical length was measured at randomisation (15/56 versus 22/60; RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.47-0.70) or before 24 weeks of gestation (14/52 versus 21/56; RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.42-0.75).

AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS

In unselected women with an uncomplicated twin gestation, treatment with progestogens (intramuscular 17Pc or vaginal natural progesterone) does not improve perinatal outcome. Vaginal progesterone may be effective in the reduction of adverse perinatal outcome in women with a cervical length of ≤25 mm; however, further research is warranted to confirm this finding.

Discrepancy of pre- and postoperative grades of patients with endometrial carcinoma

PURPOSE

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial curettage in patients with endometrial carcinoma. In this retrospective study, pre- and postoperative histopathologic findings of patients with endometrial cancer were investigated.

METHODS

168 patients with the final diagnosis of endometrial cancer were enrolled in the study. Pre- and postoperative histopathologic diagnoses and grades (according to the 1988 FIGO classification) of the patients were compared retrospectively.

RESULTS

22 patients were diagnosed as having endometrial hyperplasia and the remaining 136 patients had endometrial carcinoma preoperatively. Overall discrepancy rate of grades was 39% (31% upgrade, 8% downgrade; p < 0.05). There was also 9% discrepancy between the pre- and postoperative histopathological types.

CONCLUSION

It has been suggested that since endometrial cancer patients with low grades according to the preoperative pathologic diagnosis have a potential to upgrade, the management of these patients if myometrial invasion is less than one-half thickness, simply by hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (without lymph node sampling), might actually miss some patients who actually deserve surgical staging. Further studies are needed to draw a sufficient conclusion.

Comparison of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovaries undergoing ovarian stimulation

Letrozole was compared with clomiphene citrate (CC) as a first-line treatment for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovaries (PCOs). A total of 106 women with primary infertility and a diagnosis of PCOs were randomized to receive either 100 mg CC (n = 55) or 2.5 mg letrozole (n = 51) daily for 5 days. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) at a dose of 10000 IU was administered when at least one follicle with a mean diameter > or = 18 mm was observed using transvaginal ultrasound. The number of mature follicles was significantly lower, but endometrial thickness and ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the letrozole group than in the CC group. In conclusion, letrozole is associated with a higher pregnancy rate than CC in PCO patients and may have a role as a first-line treatment for anovulatory patients with PCOs.

Management of a case of primary vaginal cancer with irreducible massive uterine prolapse--a case report

Primary cancer of the vagina constitutes 1-2% of all malignant genital tract tumors in women. As one of the most complicated therapeutic problems in gynecological oncology, this disease had been deemed to be untreatable until the end of 1930s. Presently, as a result of technological improvements in radiotherapy and radical surgery, more favorable prognoses are known to be achieved even in advanced cases. In the present case, a woman with vaginal cancer and Stage IV massive uterovaginal prolapsus, which could not be repositioned under general anesthesia, was repositioned by surgical intervention prior to radiotherapy to avoid any potential vesicovaginal fistula formation. The cervix was bilaterally suspended to the pectineal ligaments by polypropylene mesh.