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Premarathne S, Chandrajith R, Nanayakkara N, Gamage CD, Ratnatunga N, Wijetunge S, Badurdeen Z, Guruge S, Elladeniya N, Madushan KPS, Samarasiri KOCU, Hewavitharane P, Herath D, Senarathne S. Could Consumption of Trace Element-Contaminated Rice Be a Risk Factor for Acute Interstitial Nephritis with Uncertain Etiology in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka? Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2597-2605. [PMID: 34431070 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of toxic trace elements in the human body has been considered one of the major reasons for renal dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease with uncertain etiological factors (CKDu) is a recently described clinical entity in which the disease is found in geographically isolated pockets in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. In CKDu regions, an increasing number of cases are reported with acute interstitial nephritis without any known reason (AINu). However, recent exposure to certain risk behaviors or nephrotoxins, or both, is suspected for the AINu. Consumption of foods that are contaminated with trace elements is one of the main pathways of human exposure to environmental toxins. The current study was carried out to assess the possibility of trace element-contaminated rice consumption on the etiopathogenesis of AINu. Samples of rice consumed by 32 clinically diagnosed AINu cases were collected and analyzed for possible nephrotoxic trace elements. Out of 32 patients, 26 were histologically confirmed with tubulointerstitial disease. The results revealed that the mean values of Cd, As, and Pb were 0.18, 0.055, and 0.135 mg/kg, with ranges of 0.020-1.06, 0.012-0.222, and 0.003-0.744 mg/kg (on dry weight basis), respectively. This study indicated that the investigated toxic trace element levels of rice consumed by AINu were reasonably below the recommended levels of the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO and WHO. Hence, it is less likely that rice consumption is to be a risk factor for the etiology of AINu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - C D Gamage
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Neelakanthi Ratnatunga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sulochana Wijetunge
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Zeid Badurdeen
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Shashika Guruge
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - N Elladeniya
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - K P S Madushan
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - K O C U Samarasiri
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Sachintha Senarathne
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Nisansala GGT, Muthusinghe D, Gunasekara TDCP, Weerasekera MM, Fernando SSN, Ranasinghe KNP, Marasinghe MGCP, Fernando PS, Koizumi N, Gamage CD. Isolation and characterization of Leptospira interrogans from two patients with leptospirosis in Western Province, Sri Lanka. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1249-1252. [PMID: 30024367 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an endemic infectious disease causing considerable morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka; however, reports on the isolation of Leptospira from infected patients in Sri Lanka have been largely unavailable since the 1970s. Two isolates were obtained and characterized from 100 blood cultures from leptospirosis-suspected patients. Phylogenic analysis of partial flaB gene sequences identified the isolates as Leptospira interrogans. The patient serum samples from which Leptospira was isolated reacted with the Leptospira serogroups Sejroe and Canicola at a titre of 1 : 200. Exposure to domestic sewage and gutters filled with muddy water was suspected to be the source of infection in these two culture-positive patients. This study reports the successful isolation of pathogenic Leptospira from two patients in Western Province, Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G T Nisansala
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - D Muthusinghe
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T D C P Gunasekara
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M M Weerasekera
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S S N Fernando
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - M G C P Marasinghe
- 4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P S Fernando
- 5Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa Road, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N Koizumi
- 6Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C D Gamage
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Gamage CD, Koizumi N, Perera AKC, Muto M, Nwafor-Okoli C, Ranasinghe S, Kularatne SAM, Rajapakse RPVJ, Kanda K, Lee RB, Obayashi Y, Ohnishi M, Tamashiro H. Carrier Status of Leptospirosis Among Cattle in Sri Lanka: A Zoonotic Threat to Public Health. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 61:91-6. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Gamage
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - N. Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. K. C. Perera
- Municipal Veterinary Department; Colombo Municipal Council; Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - M. Muto
- Department of Bacteriology; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Tokyo Japan
| | - C. Nwafor-Okoli
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - S. Ranasinghe
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Peradeniya; Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | - S. A. M. Kularatne
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Peradeniya; Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | - R. P. V. J. Rajapakse
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Peradeniya; Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | - K. Kanda
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - R. B. Lee
- Behavioral Sciences Department; De La Salle University; Manila Philippines
| | - Y. Obayashi
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - M. Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tamashiro
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
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