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Whitcher TJ, Fauzi AD, Diao C, Chi X, Syahroni A, Asmara TC, Breese MBH, Castro Neto AH, Wee ATS, Majidi MA, Rusydi A. Reply to: Reassessing the existence of soft X-ray correlated plasmons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6754. [PMID: 37875490 PMCID: PMC10597986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T J Whitcher
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
| | - A D Fauzi
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - C Diao
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - X Chi
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - A Syahroni
- Department of Physics, University of Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - T C Asmara
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - M B H Breese
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - A H Castro Neto
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - A T S Wee
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - M A Majidi
- Department of Physics, University of Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - A Rusydi
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Ong BL, Jayaraman K, Diao C, Whitcher TJ, Jain A, Hung H, Breese MBH, Tok ES, Rusydi A. Anomalous Ferromagnetism of quasiparticle doped holes in cuprate heterostructures revealed using resonant soft X-ray magnetic scattering. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4639. [PMID: 35941141 PMCID: PMC9360448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report strong ferromagnetism of quasiparticle doped holes both within the ab-plane and along the c-axis of Cu-O planes in low-dimensional Au/d-La1.8Ba0.2CuO4/LaAlO3(001) heterostructures (d = 4, 8 and 12 unit-cells) using resonant soft X-ray and magnetic scattering together with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Interestingly, ferromagnetism is stronger at a hole doped peak and at an upper Hubbard band of O with spin-polarization degree as high as 40%, revealing strong ferromagnetism of Mottness. For in-ab-plane spin-polarizations, the spin of doped holes in O2p-Cu3d-O2p is a triplet state yielding strong ferromagnetism. For out-of-ab-plane spin-polarization, while the spins of doped holes in both O2p-O2p and Cu3d-Cu3d are triplet states, the spin of doped holes in Cu3d-O2p is a singlet state yielding ferrimagnetism. A ferromagnetic-(002) Bragg-peak of the doped holes is observed and enhanced as a function of d revealing strong ferromagnetism coupling between Cu-O layers along the c-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Ong
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.,Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - K Jayaraman
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.,Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - C Diao
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - T J Whitcher
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.,Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - A Jain
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.,Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - H Hung
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - M B H Breese
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.,Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - E S Tok
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - A Rusydi
- Advanced Research Initiative for Correlated-Electron Systems (ARiCES), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore. .,Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore, 117603, Singapore. .,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Cao W, Su Y, Liu N, Peng Y, Diao C, Cheng R. Location and Vascular Classification of 188 parathyroid glands in New Zealand White Rabbits. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The function and protection of the parathyroid glands are increasingly popular research topics. New Zealand white rabbits are the most commonly used animal model of parathyroid ischemia. However, information on the vasculature of their parathyroid glands is limited. We used 94 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, 3-4 months of age and 2-3kg in weight, for exploration of the parathyroid glands, which were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) after removal. The following types were classified according to the relationship between the position of the inferior parathyroid gland and the thyroid: Type A, Close Type, Type B, and Distant Type. There were 188 cases, 4 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located near the dorsal side of thyroid (2.13%), 8 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located superior to the upper pole of the thyroid (4.26%), 20 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located parallel to the thyroid (10.64%), and 155 cases where the inferior parathyroid glands were located inferior to the lower pole of thyroid (82.45%). Identifying the location and classifying the vasculature of the parathyroid glands in New Zealand white rabbits will provide an anatomical model to assist in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Cao
- Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Y. Su
- Kunming Medical University, China
| | - N. Liu
- Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Y. Peng
- Kunming Medical University, China
| | - C. Diao
- Kunming Medical University, China
| | - R. Cheng
- Kunming Medical University, China
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O'Brien E, Shi C, Deng J, Diao C, Clarkson M, Shrivastava V, Adijian A, Hu A, Chiu M, Gwilym B, Hellmich A, Malozzi C, Batulan Z, Gertoffer W, Chen YX. HSP27 immunization attenuates atherogenesis by markedly reducing plasma PCSK9 and cholesterol levels. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brodehl A, Garnett L, Diao C, Martens K, Nygren A, Chen Y, Belke D, Gerull B. TRANSGENIC MICE OVEREXPRESSING DSC2 DEVELOP BIVENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROSIS AND NECROSIS. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Xiao X, Wang T, Li W, Song H, Gong C, Diao C, Yu M, Yuan T, Zhang Y, Sun X, Zhang Q, Lu K, Wang H, Schmitz O, Hansen T. Transfer from insulin to sulfonylurea treatment in a chinese patient with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a KCNJ11 R201H mutation. Horm Metab Res 2009; 41:580-2. [PMID: 19247925 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1192020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Mild or moderate hypothermia (>30 degrees C) has been proposed for clinical use as a therapeutic option for achieving protection from cerebral ischaemia in brain injury patients. In this research, a theoretical model was developed to examine the brain temperature gradients during selective cooling of the brain surface after head injury. The head was modelled as a hemisphere consisting of several layers, representing the scalp, skull and brain tissue, respectively. The dimensions, physical properties and physiological characteristics for each layer, as well as the arterial blood temperature, were used as the input to the Pennes bioheat transfer equation to simulate the steady-state temperature distribution within the brain. Depending on the head surface temperature, a temperature gradient of up to 13 degrees C exists in the brain tissue. The results have shown that the volumetric-averaged brain tissue temperature Tbt,avg for adults and infants can be 1.7 and 4.3 degrees C, respectively, lower than the temperature of the arterial blood supplied to the brain tissue. The location where the probe should be placed to measure Tbt,avg was also determined by the simulation. The calculation suggests that the temperature sensor should be placed 7.5mm and 5.9 mm beneath the brain tissue surface for adults and infants, respectively, to monitor Tbt,avg continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, USA.
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Zheng XL, Matsubara S, Diao C, Hollenberg MD, Wong NC. Epidermal growth factor induction of apolipoprotein A-I is mediated by the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and Sp1. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13822-9. [PMID: 11278817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin induces apolipoprotein A-I, apoA-I gene transcription via a membrane receptor with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. This finding prompted us to ask whether the gene is stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF a peptide hormone that binds to another member of the receptor superfamily with tyrosine kinase activity. Our data showed that like insulin, EGF increased abundance of apoA-I protein and transcription of the gene in human hepatoma, Hep G2 cells. The effects of both hormones appeared direct because their induction of apoA-I gene transcription was not affected by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Although both insulin and EGF stimulate apoA-I expression, each hormone binds to a distinct membrane receptor thus suggesting differential intracellular signaling. Therefore, we used a panel of inhibitors to define the pathway(s) that mediate the actions of these hormones. Whereas, the actions of EGF required only the Ras-mitogen-activated protein, MAP kinase, those of insulin were mediated by equal participation of both the Ras-MAP kinase and protein kinase C, PKC cascades. Despite differences in signaling pathways triggered by each hormone receptor, the activation of apoA-I transcription required the participation of a single transcription factor, Sp1. Furthermore, EGF induction of transcription was attenuated by mutating the MAP kinase site at amino acid, Thr(266) rendering Sp1 phosphorylation deficient. In summary, EGF stimulation of apoA-I expression is mediated solely by the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and enhanced activity of this pathway requires Sp1 with an intact phosphorylation site at Thr(266). However, insulin induction of this gene is different and requires both Ras-MAP kinase and PKC pathways but their actions are also mediated by Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Zheng
- Endocrine Research Group, Departments of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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Zheng XL, Matsubara S, Diao C, Hollenberg MD, Wong NC. Activation of apolipoprotein AI gene expression by protein kinase A and kinase C through transcription factor, Sp1. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:31747-54. [PMID: 10829013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000621200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous finding that insulin induces apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) transcription points to the participation of intracellular signaling. This finding prompted us to ask whether two classical G-protein-coupled signaling pathways requiring activated protein kinase A (PKA) or kinase C (PKC) may also regulate apoAI. Therefore, human hepatoma, Hep G2 cells stably transfected with pAI.474-CAT, a reporter construct spanning -474 to -7 of apoAI DNA fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) were treated with 10 microm forskolin (FSK) or 50 nm phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) to activate PKA and PKC, respectively. Results showed that the apoAI promoter activity increased 4-5-fold following 24 h of treatment with either FSK or PDBu. Induction by either agent was blocked with actinomycin D but not the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The PKA inhibitor, PKI 14-22 amide, abrogated induction by FSK, 100 microm 8-bromo-cAMP, or 100 ng/ml cholera toxin, but it had no effect on activation via PKC. Similarly, PDBu induction was attenuated by 2 microm of the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, but it did not affect FSK activity. Next we used deletional constructs to show that the actions of FSK and PDBu required the insulin-responsive core element (IRCE). This motif matched the consensus binding site for the transcription factor, Sp1. The binding of Sp1 to the IRCE was confirmed by gel-retardation and supershift analysis. Site-directed mutagenesis of the IRCE eliminated Sp1 action and induction by FSK or PDBu. Whereas overexpression of Sp1 enhanced basal and FSK or PDBu induced promoter activity, transfection of an antisense oligomer against Sp1 mRNA attenuated both parameters. In summary, activation of PKA or PKC increases apoAI promoter activity. The activity of both signaling pathways is mediated by the IRCE, a motif that binds the transcription factor, Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Zheng
- Endocrine Research Group, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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