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Bautil A, Verspreet J, Buyse J, Goos P, Bedford MR, Courtin CM. Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides kick-start arabinoxylan digestion in the aging broiler. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2555-2565. [PMID: 32359591 PMCID: PMC7597398 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While arabinoxylans (AX), an important dietary fiber fraction of wheat-based broiler diets, are known for exerting antinutritional effects in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of broilers, the prebiotic potential of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) is also well-documented. However, inconsistent performance responses as well as the effectiveness of low amounts of AXOS used in diets of previously conducted experiments put into question the classical prebiotic route being the sole mode of action of AXOS. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary AXOS addition on the rate of AX digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers as a function of broiler age to gain more insight into the mode of action of these oligosaccharides. A feeding trial was performed on 480 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) receiving a wheat-based diet supplemented with or without 0.50% AXOS, containing no endoxylanases. Digesta samples from ileum and caeca and fecal samples were analyzed for AX content, AX digestibility, intestinal viscosity, and microbial AX-degrading enzyme activities at 6 different ages (day 5, 10, 15, 21, 28, 35). Chicks fed from hatching with 0.50% AXOS demonstrated a higher ileal viscosity (P < 0.05). Also higher levels of AX solubilization and fermentation compared to control birds at 10 D were observed. This was noted by the higher total tract AX digestibility of water-extractable AX (WE-AX) and total AX (TOT-AX) at this age (P < 0.05). Although no significant difference in AX-degrading enzyme activities was observed among the dietary treatments, AXOS supplementation in young broilers was shown to stimulate or "kick-start" dietary AX digestion, thereby speeding up the development of a fiber-fermenting microbiome in the young broiler. This stimulation effect of AXOS could enable greater functional value to be extracted from dietary fiber in broiler feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bautil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Verspreet
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Goos
- MeBioS Division, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - C M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Bautil A, Verspreet J, Buyse J, Goos P, Bedford MR, Courtin CM. Age-related arabinoxylan hydrolysis and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4606-4621. [PMID: 30993340 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoxylanases are frequently used in cereal-based broiler feeds to improve the nutritional quality of the feed. It is hypothesized that the age of broilers and the age-related development of their intestinal microbiota influence the efficacy of these enzymes. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify possible age-related changes in arabinoxylan (AX) digestion in the different parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of broilers. A feeding trial was performed with 240 1-day-old chicks (Ross 308) receiving a wheat-based feed containing no supplemented endoxylanase. Digesta samples from every section of the GI tract were collected at 5, 10, 15, 21, 28, and 35 d of age and analyzed for AX content, AX digestibility, intestinal viscosity, and microbial endoxylanase and arabinofuranosidase activities. In the first 2 wk, the microbiota were able to solubilize a part of the water-unextractable arabinoxylan (WU-AX), thereby increasing intestinal viscosity and water-extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) concentrations in the GI tract. In these young birds, WU-AX and WE-AX with low arabinose to xylose ratios were able to enter the caeca but were not yet extensively fermented by the caecal microbiota as indicated by the high caecal AX concentrations at 5 and 10 d (P < 0.01). Establishment of a more mature microbial community at 3 wk of age resulted in a further increase in both the solubilization of WU-AX and fermentation of WE-AX at the ileum and caecum (P < 0.10). Furthermore, the increase in AX degrading enzyme activities with age denotes the high AX degrading capacity of the caecal microbiota. Finally, a total tract AX digestion of 24% was achieved at slaughter age (day 35). Our results clearly indicate that the capacity of intestinal microbiota to degrade AX in the hindgut increases as the broiler ages. This suggests that the benefits of endoxylanase supplementation of broiler feeds depend on the interaction of the intestinal microbiota and AX present in the GI tract at specific broiler ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bautil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Verspreet
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Goos
- MeBioS Division, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - C M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Vermeulen K, Verspreet J, Courtin CM, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. Reduced particle size wheat bran is butyrogenic and lowers Salmonella colonization, when added to poultry feed. Vet Microbiol 2016; 198:64-71. [PMID: 28062009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Feed additives, including prebiotics, are commonly used alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters to improve gut health and performance in broilers. Wheat bran is a highly concentrated source of (in)soluble fiber which is partly degraded by the gut microbiota. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of wheat bran as such to reduce colonization of the cecum and shedding of Salmonella bacteria in vivo. Also, the effect of particle size was evaluated. Bran with an average reduced particle size of 280μm decreased levels of cecal Salmonella colonization and shedding shortly after infection when compared to control groups and groups receiving bran with larger particle sizes. In vitro fermentation experiments revealed that bran with smaller particle size was fermented more efficiently, with a significantly higher production of butyric and propionic acid, compared to the control fermentation and fermentation of a larger fraction. Fermentation products derived from bran with an average particle size of 280μm downregulated the expression of hilA, an important invasion-related gene of Salmonella. This downregulation was reflected in an actual lowered invasive potential when Salmonella bacteria were pretreated with the fermentation products derived from the smaller bran fraction. These data suggest that wheat bran with reduced particle size can be a suitable feed additive to help control Salmonella infections in broilers. The mechanism of action most probably relies on a more efficient fermentation of this bran fraction and the consequent increased production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Among these SCFA, butyric and propionic acid are known to reduce the invasion potential of Salmonella bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Verspreet
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 box2463, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 box2463, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Van den Bosch S, Schutyser W, Koelewijn SF, Renders T, Courtin CM, Sels BF. Tuning the lignin oil OH-content with Ru and Pd catalysts during lignin hydrogenolysis on birch wood. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13158-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A strategic choice of catalyst during reductive lignocellulose processing is an effective tool to tune the hydroxyl content of the entire lignin product spectrum. This is highly relevant for polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Van den Bosch
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - W. Schutyser
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - S.-F. Koelewijn
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - T. Renders
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - C. M. Courtin
- Center for Food and Microbial Technology
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - B. F. Sels
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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Belien T, Joye IJ, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. Computational design-based molecular engineering of the glycosyl hydrolase family 11 B. subtilis XynA endoxylanase improves its acid stability. Protein Eng Des Sel 2009; 22:587-96. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rurangwa E, Laranja JL, Van Houdt R, Delaedt Y, Geraylou Z, Van de Wiele T, Van Loo J, Van Craeyveld V, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Ollevier F. Selected nondigestible carbohydrates and prebiotics support the growth of probiotic fish bacteria mono-cultures in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:932-40. [PMID: 19191975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To search for nondigestible but fermentable (NDF) carbohydrates and prebiotics with a potency to promote the growth of selected bacteria in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The growth of three reference bacteria strains Bacillus subtilis LMG 7135(T), Carnobacterium piscicola LMG 9839, Lactobacillus plantarum LMG 9211 and one candidate probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis was investigated over a minimum period of 48 h in the presence of beta-glucan, xylo-oligosaccharide, arabinoxylo-oligosaccharide, inulin, oligofructose and glucose. Besides the capability to grow on inulin and oligofructose containing media, a distinct high growth in beta-glucan based substrates and a low growth in (arabino)xylooligosaccharide containing media were evident for most bacteria tested. With the exception of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, other bacteria grew equally well or even better on different substrates than on glucose. The fermentation of studied carbohydrates by these micro-organisms was dominated by the production of acetic acid as the main short chain fatty acid. CONCLUSIONS Selected bacteria are able to ferment and grow on NDF and prebiotic carbohydrates but in a substrate dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study delivers a first screening of which NDF or prebiotic carbohydrates are the most promising for aquaculture feed supplementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rurangwa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Sanchez JI, Marzorati M, Grootaert C, Baran M, Van Craeyveld V, Courtin CM, Broekaert WF, Delcour JA, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T. Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) affect the protein/carbohydrate fermentation balance and microbial population dynamics of the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem. Microb Biotechnol 2008; 2:101-13. [PMID: 21261885 PMCID: PMC3815425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylan‐oligosaccharides (AXOS) are a recently newly discovered class of candidate prebiotics as – depending on their structure – they are fermented in different regions of gastrointestinal tract. This can have an impact on the protein/carbohydrate fermentation balance in the large intestine and, thus, affect the generation of potentially toxic metabolites in the colon originating from proteolytic activity. In this study, we screened different AXOS preparations for their impact on the in vitro intestinal fermentation activity and microbial community structure. Short‐term fermentation experiments with AXOS with an average degree of polymerization (avDP) of 29 allowed part of the oligosaccharides to reach the distal colon, and decreased the concentration of proteolytic markers, whereas AXOS with lower avDP were primarily fermented in the proximal colon. Additionally, prolonged supplementation of AXOS with avDP 29 to the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) reactor decreased levels of the toxic proteolytic markers phenol and p‐cresol in the two distal colon compartments and increased concentrations of beneficial short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) in all colon vessels (25–48%). Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that AXOS supplementation only slightly modified the total microbial community, implying that the observed effects on fermentation markers are mainly caused by changes in fermentation activity. Finally, specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that AXOS supplementation significantly increased the amount of health‐promoting lactobacilli as well as of Bacteroides–Prevotella and Clostridium coccoides–Eubacterium rectale groups. These data allow concluding that AXOS are promising candidates to modulate the microbial metabolism in the distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Sanchez
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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8
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De Ranter C, Sansen S, Gebruers K, Brijs K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Rabijns A. Detecting the structural determinants of glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase inhibition. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305091622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Bourgois T, Nguyen DV, Sansen S, Raedschelders G, Fierens K, Brijs K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Rabijns A, Volckaert G, Van Campenhout S. Molecular engineering of an endoxylanase enzyme towards inhibitor insensitivity. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2005; 70:69-72. [PMID: 16366277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Bourgois
- Laboratory of Gene technology, K U Leuven, Belgium
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Sansen S, De Ranter CJ, Gebruers K, Brijs K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Rabijns A. Structural analysis of a newly identified class of plant protective microbial glycoside hydrolase inhibitors. Acta Crystallogr A 2004. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767304095753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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11
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Andersson AAM, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Fredriksson H, Schofield JD, Trogh I, Tsiami AA, Åman P. Milling Performance of North European Hull-less Barleys and Characterization of Resultant Millstreams. Cereal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2003.80.6.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. M. Andersson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science, PO Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C. M. Courtin
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. A. Delcour
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - J. D. Schofield
- The University of Reading, School of Food Biosciences, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - I. Trogh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. A. Tsiami
- The University of Reading, School of Food Biosciences, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - P. Åman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science, PO Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Phone: +4618672045. Fax: +4618672995. E-mail:
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Gebruers K, Courtin CM, Goesaert H, Campenhout SV, Delcour JA. Endoxylanase Inhibition Activity in Different European Wheat Cultivars and Milling Fractions. Cereal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2002.79.5.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Gebruers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Phone: (+32)-16-321634. Fax: (+32)-16-321997. E-mail:
| | - C. M. Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - H. Goesaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - S. Van Campenhout
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - J. A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Courtin CM, Gelders GG, Delcour JA. Use of Two Endoxylanases with Different Substrate Selectivity for Understanding Arabinoxylan Functionality in Wheat Flour Breadmaking. Cereal Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2001.78.5.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Phone: (+32) 16.32.16.34. Fax: (+32) 16.32.19.97. E-mail:
| | - G. G. Gelders
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Nuyens F, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Verachtert H, Michiels C. Functionality of endo-beta-xylanase produced by recombinant Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in bread-making. Meded Rijksuniv Gent Fak Landbouwkd Toegep Biol Wet 2001; 66:317-20. [PMID: 15954610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Nuyens
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Elofsson U, Eliasson AC, Wahlgren M, Loosveld AMA, Courtin CM, Delcour JA. Adsorption Studies of Interaction Between Water-Extractable Nonstarch Polysaccharides and Prolamins in Cereals. Cereal Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2000.77.5.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Elofsson
- University of Lund, Department of Food Technology, Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A-C. Eliasson
- University of Lund, Department of Food Technology, Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Phone: +46 46 222 9674. Fax: +46 46 222 9517. E-mail:
| | - M. Wahlgren
- University of Lund, Department of Food Technology, Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A.-M. A. Loosveld
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C. M. Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - J. A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Abstract
Reducing end sugar residues in maltodextrins and arabinoxylans are determined as alditol acetates by gas-liquid chromatography following reduction, acid hydrolysis and acetylation of the samples. After this conversion to alditol acetates, the reducing end sugars are thus separated from their acetylated aldose counterparts. The method allows to identify individual reducing end sugars quantitatively and is a good alternative for colorimetric reducing sugar assays and 1H-NMR analysis. To demonstrate the advantages of the method, an application in a study of enzymic solubilisation and degradation of water unextractable arabinoxylan from a flour squeegee fraction is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
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17
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Courtin CM, Roelants A, Delcour JA. Fractionation-reconstitution experiments provide insight into the role of endoxylanases in bread-making. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:1870-1877. [PMID: 10552464 DOI: 10.1021/jf981178w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact mechanism of endoxylanases in straight dough bread-making was investigated in fractionation-reconstitution experiments. To this end, two European flours with different bread-making characteristics were separated in gluten, prime starch, a squeegee fraction (SQF), and a water-extractable fraction. Whereas the former fractions contained negligible levels of arabinoxylan (AX), the latter contained, respectively, most of the water-unextractable AX (WU-AX) and all of the water-extractable AX (WE-AX). In vitro modification with a Bacillus subtilis endoxylanase allowed controlled solubilization of WU-AX from SQF and controlled degradation of solubilized AX and WE-AX from the water-extractables. It followed from bread-making tests with the reconstituted flours that endoxylanases exert positive loaf volume effects in bread-making by lowering the concentration of WU-AX and increasing that of total soluble AX. Limited degradation of WE-AX and significant breakdown of solubilized AX by endoxylanases, on the other hand, resulted in volume losses when compared to their nondegraded counterparts. The volume increasing effects of endoxylanases are therefore related to their ratio of solubilizing to degrading activity and thus to their substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
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