1
|
Suthar A, Maji C, Gopalkrishnan A, Raval SH, Kumar R, Kumar S. Anti-piroplasmic activity of novobiocin as heat shock protein 90 inhibitor against in vitro cultured Theileria equi and Babesia caballi parasites. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101696. [PMID: 33677232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis (EP). Currently, imidocarb dipropionate (ID) is the only available drug for treating the clinical form of EP. Serious side effects and incomplete clearance of infection is a major drawback of ID. Heat-shock proteins (Hsp) play a vital role in the life cycle of these haemoprotozoans by preventing alteration in protein conformation. These Hsp are activated during transmission of EP sporozoites from the tick vector (poikilotherm) to the natural host (homeotherm) and facilitate parasite survival. In the present study, we targeted the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp-90) pathway of T. equi and B. caballi by using its inhibitor drug - novobiocin. Dose-dependent efficacy of novobiocin on the growth of T. equi and B. caballi was observed in in vitro culture. Additionally, we examined dose-dependent cell cytotoxicity on host peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and haemolytic activity on equine red blood cells (RBC). In vivo organ toxicity of novobiocin was also assessed in a mouse model. The IC50 (50 % inhibitory concentration) value of novobiocin against T. equi and B. caballi was 165 μM and 84.85 μM, respectively. Novobiocin significantly arrested the in vitro growth of T. equi and B. caballi parasites at 100 μM and 200 μM drug concentration, respectively. In vitro treated parasites had distorted nuclear material and showed no further viability. Based on the equine PBMCs and RBC, the drug was found to be safe even at 1000 μM concentration and the CC50 (50 % cytotoxicity concentration) values were 11.63 mM and 261.97 mM. Very high specific selective index (SSI) values (70.47 and 1587) were observed for equine PBMCs and RBC, respectively. Organ-specific biochemical markers and histopathological examination indicated no adverse effect of the drug at a dose rate of 50 mg kg body weight in the mouse model. The results demonstrate the growth inhibitory effect of novobiocin against T. equi and B. caballi parasites and its safety for host cell lines with very high SSI. Hence, it can be inferred that the Theileria/Babesia Hsp-90 family are potential drug targets worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Suthar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India; Division of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dantiwada, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - C Maji
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India; Subject matter specialist (Animal Health), North 24 Praganas Krishi Vigyan Kendra, WBUAFS, Ashokenagar, 743223, West Bengal, India
| | - A Gopalkrishnan
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India; Division of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007, India
| | - S H Raval
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dandiwada, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - R Kumar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - S Kumar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gopalakrishnan A, Maji C, Dahiya R, Suthar A, Kumar R, Gupta A, Dimri U, Kumar S. In vitro growth inhibitory efficacy of some target specific novel drug molecules against Theileria equi. Vet Parasitol 2016; 217:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|