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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult stem cells, first identified in skeletal tissues and then found in the entire body. MSC are able to not only differentiate into specialized cells within skeletal tissue - chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes and fibroblasts - but also secrete a large range of soluble mediators defining their secretome and allowing their interaction with a number of cell protagonists. Thus, in a general sense, MSC are involved in tissue homeostasis through their secretome and are specifically responsible for cell turn-over in skeletal tissues. For a decade and a half, safety and efficiency of MSC has led to the development of many clinical trials in various fields. However, results were often disappointing, probably because of difficulties in methods and evaluation. At a time when the first clinical trials using MSC are emerging in ophthalmology, the goal of this literature review is to gather and put into perspective preclinical and clinical results in order to better predict the future of this innovative therapeutic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roubeix
- Inserm, U968, 75012 Paris, France; UMR_S 968, institut de la vision, UPMC université Paris 06, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - A Denoyer
- Inserm, U968, 75012 Paris, France; UMR_S 968, institut de la vision, UPMC université Paris 06, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm-DHOS CIC 503, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France
| | - F Brignole-Baudouin
- Inserm, U968, 75012 Paris, France; UMR_S 968, institut de la vision, UPMC université Paris 06, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm-DHOS CIC 503, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France; Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Inserm, U968, 75012 Paris, France; UMR_S 968, institut de la vision, UPMC université Paris 06, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm-DHOS CIC 503, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 92100 Boulogne, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
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Denoyer A, Roubeix C, Sapienza A, Réaux-Le Goazigo A, Mélik-Parsadaniantz S, Baudouin C. [Retinal and trabecular degeneration in glaucoma: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015; 38:347-56. [PMID: 25659482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Academic and industrial research has brought new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma, aiming at identifying and targeting specific mechanisms to improve our current therapeutic strategy. Retinal neurodegeneration is still the main focus, whether in terms of extrinsic factors such as neurotrophin deprivation, glutamate toxicity, vascular deficiency and neuro-inflammation from glial cells, or in terms of retinal ganglion cell intrinsic sensibility to proapoptotic signals. However, glaucoma is not solely a retinal disease but also involves retinal and trabecular meshwork degeneration, extending into and/or even originating from the brain. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of key mechanisms involved in glaucoma degeneration, focusing on the direction of current research towards the future of glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denoyer
- Centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingt, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm CIC 503, centre d'investigation clinique, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm U968, UPMC UMRS 968, CNRS UMR 7210, institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - C Roubeix
- Inserm U968, UPMC UMRS 968, CNRS UMR 7210, institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Sapienza
- Inserm U968, UPMC UMRS 968, CNRS UMR 7210, institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Inserm U968, UPMC UMRS 968, CNRS UMR 7210, institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - S Mélik-Parsadaniantz
- Inserm U968, UPMC UMRS 968, CNRS UMR 7210, institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingt, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm CIC 503, centre d'investigation clinique, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm U968, UPMC UMRS 968, CNRS UMR 7210, institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Alfarano C, Roubeix C, Chaaya R, Ceccaldi C, Calise D, Mias C, Cussac D, Bascands JL, Parini A. Intraparenchymal injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduces kidney fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion in cyclosporine-immunosuppressed rats. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2009-19. [PMID: 22525800 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x640448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion and immunosuppressive therapy are a major cause of progressive renal failure after kidney transplantation. Recent studies have shown that administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves kidney functional recovery in the acute phase of post ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we used an original model of renal ischemia-reperfusion in immunosuppressed rats (NIRC) to investigate the effects of bone marrow MSCs on progression of chronic renal failure and the mechanisms potentially involved. Left renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) was induced in unilateral nephrectomized Lewis rats. After IR, rats were treated daily with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg SC) for 28 days. MSCs were injected into the kidney at day 7 after IR. At day 28 after IR, kidneys were removed for histomorphological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis. The effect of conditioned media from MSCs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition was studied in vitro on HK2 cells. Our results show that, as compared to untreated NIRC rats, rats treated by intrarenal injection of MSCs 7 days after IR displayed improvement in renal function, reduction of interstitial fibrosis, and decrease in chronic tubule injury. These effects were associated with a decrease in interstitial α-SMA accumulation and MMP2 activity, markers of fibroblast/fibroblast-like cell activation, and renal remodeling, respectively. Finally, experiments in vitro showed that MSC-conditioned medium prevented epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β in HK2 cells. In conclusion, our results show that, in immunosuppressed animals, a single intrarenal administration of MSCs reduced renal fibrosis and promoted the recovery of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alfarano
- Inserm, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France
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Bochet L, Dirat B, Dauvillier S, Dabek M, Le Gonidec S, Mari P, Escourrou G, Roubeix C, Valet P, Muller C. R7: Les fibroblastes dérivés des adipocytes : de nouveaux acteurs de la réaction desmoplastique ? Bull Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(15)30924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bochet L, Dirat B, Dauvillier S, Dabek M, Roubeix C, Valet P, Muller C. 35 Adipocyte-derived fibroblasts contribute to the desmoplastic reaction in breast cancer: a new link between breast cancer and obesity? EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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