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Goobar A, Amanullah R, Kulkarni SR, Nugent PE, Johansson J, Steidel C, Law D, Mörtsell E, Quimby R, Blagorodnova N, Brandeker A, Cao Y, Cooray A, Ferretti R, Fremling C, Hangard L, Kasliwal M, Kupfer T, Lunnan R, Masci F, Miller AA, Nayyeri H, Neill JD, Ofek EO, Papadogiannakis S, Petrushevska T, Ravi V, Sollerman J, Sullivan M, Taddia F, Walters R, Wilson D, Yan L, Yaron O. iPTF16geu: A multiply imaged, gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova. Science 2017; 356:291-295. [PMID: 28428419 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a multiply imaged, gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova, iPTF16geu (SN 2016geu), at redshift z = 0.409. This phenomenon was identified because the light from the stellar explosion was magnified more than 50 times by the curvature of space around matter in an intervening galaxy. We used high-spatial-resolution observations to resolve four images of the lensed supernova, approximately 0.3 arc seconds from the center of the foreground galaxy. The observations probe a physical scale of ~1 kiloparsec, smaller than is typical in other studies of extragalactic gravitational lensing. The large magnification and symmetric image configuration imply close alignment between the lines of sight to the supernova and to the lens. The relative magnifications of the four images provide evidence for substructures in the lensing galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goobar
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - R Amanullah
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P E Nugent
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,MS 50B-4206, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J Johansson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - C Steidel
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D Law
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - E Mörtsell
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Quimby
- Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.,Kavli IPMU (WPI), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - N Blagorodnova
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A Brandeker
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Cao
- eScience Institute and Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - A Cooray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - R Ferretti
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Fremling
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Hangard
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kasliwal
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - T Kupfer
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - R Lunnan
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Masci
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A A Miller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - H Nayyeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J D Neill
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - E O Ofek
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - S Papadogiannakis
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Petrushevska
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Ravi
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J Sollerman
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - F Taddia
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Walters
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - L Yan
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - O Yaron
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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