Determination of ochratoxin A in wine using liquid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A liquid-liquid microextraction technique (LPME) has been applied to the extraction of ochratoxin A (OTA) from wine prior to its quantification by HPLC-fluorescence detection. OTA was extracted from wine, through 1-octanol immobilized in the pores of a porous hollow fiber, and introduced into 1-octanol inside the fiber. Recovery was 77%. The method was adequate for quantification of OTA in wine at levels within the range 0.25-10 ng/ml with a LOD of 0.2 ng/ml, and can be a simple and inexpensive alternative to the use of inmunoaffinity columns in order to quantify OTA levels in wine.

Quantification of foetomaternal haemorrhage. An analysis of two cytometric techniques and a semiquantitative gel agglutination test

Traditional tests to screen for foetomaternal haemorrhage are time-consuming and difficult to perform. The Kleihauer test is widely used but difficult to standardize. We evaluated three techniques for quantifying foetomaternal haemorrhage: a semiquantitative gel agglutination test and two flow cytometric techniques. The gel agglutination test is based on the consumption of anti-D reagent by D+ cells, analysing the reaction of the supernatant against indicator cells in a Coombs-gel card. In the two colour direct immunofluorescent technique, the sample is incubated with Per-CP labelled anti CD45 antibody, fixed with glutaraldehyde and permeabilized by exposure to Triton X-100. An aliquot is stained with an antibody to foetal haemoglobin, conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin. The indirect immunofluorescent technique is based on the labelling of Rh (D) antigen with an anti D reagent, followed by the addition of an anti IgG antibody conjugated with phycoerythrin. Foetomaternal haemorrhage was not detected in 75 of the 85 samples analysed by the direct immunofluorescent technique. In the remaining 10 samples, the volume was very low. Thirty-five samples with Rh (D) antigen incompatibility were analysed in parallel by the indirect immunofluorescent technique and in 15 of the 35 samples, the gel agglutination technique was also carried out. The three techniques gave similar results. The gel agglutination test can be used to screen for foetomaternal haemorrhage, while greater volumes should be quantified by flow cytometric techniques.

Prevalence of phenotypic activated protein C resistance (APCR) in venous thromboembolic patients

Until the discovery of activated protein C resistance (APCR), less than 10% of patients with venous thromboembolism (VT) showed defects in proteins involved in the inhibition of coagulation. APCR is caused by a single point mutation in the factor V gene, and it is accepted that APCR is associated with an increased risk for VT. In this work, we studied the prevalence of APCR in venous thromboembolic patients and found it to be 10.5% compared with 4.5% in controls (p = 0.105).

Lack of useful clinical predictors of response to splenectomy in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

We set out to identify clinical or analytical variables that might predict the response to splenectomy in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We retrospectively examined 138 mostly adult patients with chronic ITP, treated with splenectomy. Information was compiled from five Public Health Hospitals from a questionnaire and chart review. Sixty-one potentially prognostic variables were analysed by univariate and multivariate statistical methods. After multivariate analysis, age (relative risk = 1.02; CI 1-1.03) and a severity of the bleeding diathesis (relative risk = 1.6; CI 1.13-2.22) were independent prognostic factors for a sustained response to splenectomy. An independent analysis of the postsplenectomy counts showed that an early (days 1-3) thrombocyte count exceeding 156 x 10(9)/l cells increases the likelihood of a permanent unmaintained response. Our data indicate that the response to splenectomy in patients with chronic ITP cannot be adequately predicted on the basis of pre-splenectomy clinical or analytical variables.