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Fisher OJ, Donahoo C, Bosley E, du Cloux R, Garner S, Powell S, Pickard J, Grevis-James N, Wyder M. Barriers and enablers to implementing police mental health co-responder programs: A qualitative study using the consolidated framework for implementation research. Implement Res Pract 2024; 5:26334895231220259. [PMID: 38322801 PMCID: PMC10775732 DOI: 10.1177/26334895231220259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Police and mental health co-responder programs operate internationally and can be effective in providing timely and appropriate assessment, brief intervention, and referral services for people experiencing mental health crises. However, these models vary greatly, and little is known about how the design and implementation of these programs impacts their effectiveness. Method This study was a qualitative, post hoc implementation determinant evaluation of mental health co-responder units in Brisbane, Australia, comprising of verbal or written interviews with police and mental health staff with an on-road role in the co-responder units, and their managers. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to identify barriers and enablers to the program's implementation and effectiveness. Results Participants (n = 30) from all groups felt strongly that the co-responder units are a substantial improvement over the usual police management of mental health crisis cases, and lead to better outcomes for consumers and the service. Enablers included an information-sharing agreement; the Mental Health Co-Responder (MHCORE) program's compatibility with existing police and mental health services; and the learning opportunity for both organizations. Barriers included cultural differences between the organizations, particularly risk-aversion to suicidality for police and a focus on least-restrictive practices for health; extensive documentation requirements for health; and a lack of specific mental health training for police. Conclusions Using an evidence-based implementation science framework enabled identification of a broad range of contextual barriers and enablers to implementation of police mental health co-responder programs. Adapting the program to address these barriers and enablers during the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation phases increases the likelihood of the service's effectiveness. These findings will inform the spread and scale of the co-responder program across Queensland, and will be relevant to police districts internationally considering implementing a co-responder program.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. J. Fisher
- Health Services Research, Wesley Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Implementation Support, Research and Evaluation Unit, Office of the Medical Director, Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C. Donahoo
- Implementation Support, Research and Evaluation Unit, Office of the Medical Director, Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E. Bosley
- Implementation Support, Research and Evaluation Unit, Office of the Medical Director, Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R. du Cloux
- State Domestic, Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Unit, Domestic Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Command, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Garner
- Office of the Medical Director, Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Powell
- Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J. Pickard
- State Domestic, Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Unit, Domestic Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Command, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N. Grevis-James
- State Domestic, Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Unit, Domestic Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Command, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M. Wyder
- Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
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Dimon JH, Donahoo C. Nursing care of the patient in traction. J Pract Nurs 1972; 22:18-9 passim. [PMID: 4486653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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