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Klaiman T, Steckel J, Hearn C, Diana A, Ferrell WJ, Emanuel EJ, Navathe AS, Parikh RB. Clinician Perspectives on Virtual Specialty Palliative Care for Patients With Advanced Illnesses. J Palliat Med 2024. [PMID: 38197852 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with serious illnesses have unmet symptom and psychosocial needs. Specialty palliative care could address many of these needs; however, access varies by geography and health system. Virtual visits and automated referrals could increase access and lead to improved quality of life, health outcomes, and patient-centered care for patients with serious illness. Objectives: We sought to understand referring clinician perspectives on barriers and facilitators to utilizing virtual tools to increase upstream access to palliative care. Design: Participants in this multisite qualitative study included practicing clinicians who commonly place palliative care referrals across multiple specialties, including hematology/oncology, family medicine, cardiology, and geriatrics. All interviews were transcribed and subsequently coded and analyzed by trained research coordinators using Atlas.ti software. Settings/Subjects: This study included 23 clinicians (21 physicians, 2 nonphysicians) across 5 specialties, 4 practice settings, and 7 states in the United States. Results: Respondents felt that community-based specialty palliative services including symptom management, advance care planning, physical therapy, and mental health counseling would benefit their patients. However, they had mixed feelings about automated referrals, with some clinicians feeling hesitant about not being alerted to such referrals. Many respondents were supportive of virtual palliative care, particularly for those who may have difficulty accessing physician offices, but most respondents felt that such care should only be provided after an initial in-person consultation where clinicians can meet face-to-face with patients. Conclusion: Clinicians believe that automated referrals and virtual palliative care could increase access to the benefits of specialty palliative care. However, virtual palliative care models should give attention to iterative communication with primary clinicians and the perceived need for an initial in-person visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Klaiman
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna Steckel
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caleb Hearn
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amaya Diana
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William J Ferrell
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ezekiel J Emanuel
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amol S Navathe
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravi B Parikh
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Riaz F, Zhu H, Cheng W, Brongiel S, Baldwin E, Kier MW, Zaemes J, Hearn C, Abdelghany O, Parikh RB, Reuss JE, Prsic EH, Doroshow DB. The Inpatient Immunotherapy Outcomes study: A multicenter retrospective study of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the inpatient setting. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
300 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the care of patients (pts) with cancer. However, median time to response is 2-6 months and many pts derive no benefit from ICIs. Pts are often admitted to the hospital with complications of advanced disease or its treatment, and many have prognoses limited to months. Several recent studies have demonstrated a limited benefit of anticancer therapy at end of life. ICIs are also associated with significant financial toxicity for both pts and the health care system. The role of ICI therapy in the inpatient (IP) setting is unclear. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, we conducted the Inpatient Immunotherapy Outcomes Study (IIOS) to describe characteristics and outcomes of pts who received IP ICIs. Methods: IIOS is a multicenter, retrospective study of pts treated with PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors during IP hospitalization between 2012-2021 at 4 large academic institutions: Mount Sinai Hospital, Yale-New Haven Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, and Georgetown University Hospital. Manual data collection was performed using each institution’s EMR and was approved by each institution’s IRB. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population and demonstrate pt outcomes. Results: A total of 159 pts received IPI ICI. Median age was 61 years. 54.7% of pts were white and 17.6% were Black; 12.6% were Hispanic. Thoracic/head and neck malignancies were most common (26.4%), followed by gastrointestinal (19.5%) and hematologic malignancies (17.6%). Most pts (73%) initiated ICIs in the IP setting while 27% continued an outpatient ICI regimen. 129 pts (81.1%) had stage IV solid malignancies at the time of ICI initiation in any setting; median prior lines of systemic therapy was 1 (range, 0-11). The most commonly administered IP ICI was pembrolizumab (49.1%) followed by nivolumab (34.0%), with ICIs administered with non-curative intent in 91.8% of pts. In 44.7% of pts, the ICI given did not have an FDA approval for that cancer type and stage at the time of administration. PD-L1 expression was available on tumors from 60 pts, 32 (53.3%) of whom had expression of 50% or higher. 112 pts (70.4%) had no documented clinical or imaging-based response to ICI therapy. Discharge disposition included home (47.2%), IP death (27%), rehabilitation centers (15.1%), and hospice (10.1%). Median days between first IP ICI dose and death was 47 (95% CI, 33-68). Conclusions: This is the largest multi-institutional effort to understand pt outcomes following IP ICI administration. Preliminary data, as outlined above, is concerning for poor clinical outcomes which should give clinicians pause when considering IP ICI use. Further analysis is ongoing to determine predictors of overall survival and discharge to home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Riaz
- Stanford University, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA
| | - Huili Zhu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Cheng
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Elena Baldwin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Jacob Zaemes
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Caleb Hearn
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Joshua E. Reuss
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth Horn Prsic
- Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, CT
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Abstract
Most of the avian enteric nervous system is derived from the vagal neural crest, but a minority of the neural cells in the hindgut, and to an even lesser extent in the midgut, are of lumbo-sacral crest origin. Since the lumbo-sacral contribution was not detected or deemed negligible in the absence of vagal cells, it had been hypothesised that lumbo-sacral neural crest cells require vagal crest cells to contribute to the enteric nervous system. In contrast, zonal aganglionosis, a rare congenital human bowel disease led to the opposite suggestion, that lumbo-sacral cells could compensate for the absence of vagal cells to construct a complete enteric nervous system. To test these notions, we combined E4 chick midgut and hindgut, isolated prior to arrival of neural precursors, with E1. 7 chick vagal and/or E2.7 quail lumbo-sacral neural tube as crest donors, and grafted these to the chorio-allantoic membrane of E9 chick hosts. Double and triple immuno-labelling for quail cells (QCPNA), neural crest cells (HNK-1), neurons and neurites (neurofilament) and glial cells (GFAP) indicated that vagal crest cells produced neurons and glia in large ganglia throughout the entire intestinal tissues. Lumbo-sacral crest contributed small numbers of neurons and glial cells in the presence or absence of vagal cells, chiefly in colorectum, but not in nearby small intestinal tissue. Thus for production of enteric neural cells the avian lumbo-sacral neural crest neither requires the vagal neural crest, nor significantly compensates for its lack. However, enteric neurogenesis of lumbo-sacral cells requires the hindgut microenvironment, whereas that of vagal cells is not restricted to a particular intestinal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hearn
- The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Dowsing B, Puche A, Hearn C, Key B. Presence of novel N-CAM glycoforms in the rat olfactory system. J Neurobiol 1997; 32:659-70. [PMID: 9183744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The functional activity of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM can be modulated by posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation. For instance, the long polysialic acid side chains of N-CAM alter the adhesion properties of the protein backbone. In the present study, we identified two novel carbohydrates present on N-CAM, NOC-3 and NOC-4. Both carbohydrates were detected on N-CAM glycoforms expressed by subpopulations of primary sensory olfactory neurons in the rat olfactory system. Based on the expression of NOC-3 and NOC-4 and the olfactory marker protein (OMP), four independent subpopulations of primary sensory olfactory neurons were characterized. These neurons expressed: both NOC-3 and NOC-4 but not OMP; both NOC-4 and OMP but not NOC-3; NOC-3, NOC-4, and OMP together; and OMP alone. The NOC-3- and NOC-4-expressing neurons were widely dispersed in the olfactory neuroepithelium lining the nasal cavity. The axons of NOC-4 expressing neurons innervated all glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, whereas the NOC-3 expressing axons terminated in a discrete subset of glomeruli scattered throughout the whole olfactory bulb. We propose that both NOC-3 and NOC-4 are part of a chemical code of olfactory neurons which is used in establishing the topography of connections between the olfactory neuroepithelium and the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dowsing
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Williams ES, Anderson SL, Cavender J, Lynn C, List K, Hearn C, Appel MJ. Vaccination of black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) x Siberian polecat (M. eversmanni) hybrids and domestic ferrets (M. putorius furo)against canine distemper. J Wildl Dis 1996; 32:417-23. [PMID: 8827666 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-32.3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An inactivated canine distemper vaccine with adjuvant and a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine were evaluated using black-footed ferret (Mustegla nigripes) x Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni) hybrids us surrogates for endangered black-footed ferrets. For comparative purposes, we also vaccinated domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with the MLV vaccine. Response to vaccination was measured by clinical observation, hematology, dynamics of serum virus neutralizing antibodies, and challenge with virulent canine distemper virus. No clinical signs attributable to the vaccines were observed. Transient leukopenia occurred in hybrid ferrets that received MLV vaccine and there was marked lymphopenia for approximately 52 days post-vaccination. Lymphopenia was present for approximately 21 days in domestic ferrets vaccinated with MLV vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus were detected 14 days post-vaccination in hybrids receiving MLV vaccine and most titers were > 1:1024 for the 791 days of the study. Antibody titers in hybrids vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine were significantly lower. All eight hybrid ferrets that received MLV vaccine survived challenge with virulent canine distemper virus without clinical disease. However, one of seven hybrids vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine developed canine distemper and was euthanized; two other hybrids became clinically ill but survived. The MLV vaccine may be useful in prevention of canine distemper in black-footed ferrets, but until additional studies of efficacy and safety are completed, use of the inactivated vaccine is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Williams
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82070, USA
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Kraenzler E, Kirby M, Hearn C, Licina M, Savage R, Starr N. Airway management of cystic fibrosis patients during double-lung transplantation: Single lumen endotracheal tubes are superior to double lumen endotracheal tubes. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1053-0770(94)90560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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