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de Lima Fragelli BD, Fattori ACM, de Almeida Montija E, de Almeida Rodolpho JM, de Castro CA, de Godoy KF, Nogueira CT, Rodrigues V, Soares EG, Romanello L, Torini JR, Pereira HD, de Freitas Anibal F. HGPRT and PNP: Recombinant Enzymes from Schistosoma mansoni and Their Role in Immunotherapy during Experimental Murine Schistosomiasis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040527. [PMID: 37111413 PMCID: PMC10144537 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by trematode worms (also called blood flukes) of the genus Schistosoma sp., which affects over 230 million people worldwide, causing 200,000 deaths annually. There is no vaccine or new drugs available, which represents a worrying aspect, since there is loss of sensitivity of the parasite to the medication recommended by the World Health Organization, Praziquantel. The present study evaluated the effects of the recombinant enzymes of S. mansoni Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) and the MIX of both enzymes in the immunotherapy of schistosomiasis in murine model. These enzymes are part of the purine salvage pathway, the only metabolic pathway present in the parasite for this purpose, being essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Female mice of Swiss and BALB/c strains were infected with cercariae and treated, intraperitoneally, with three doses of 100 µg of enzymes. After the immunotherapy, the eggs and adult worms were counted in the feces; the number of eosinophils from the fluid in the peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood was observed; and the quantification of the cytokine IL-4 and the production of antibodies IgE was analyzed. The evaluation of the number of granulomas and collagen deposition via histological slides of the liver was performed. The results demonstrate that immunotherapy with the enzyme HGPRT seems to stimulate the production of IL-4 and promoted a significant reduction of granulomas in the liver in treated animals. The treatment with the enzyme PNP and the MIX was able to reduce the number of worms in the liver and in the mesenteric vessels of the intestine, to reduce the number of eggs in the feces and to negatively modulate the number of eosinophils. Therefore, immunotherapy with the recombinant enzymes of S. mansoni HGPRT and PNP might contribute to the control and reduction of the pathophysiological aspects of schistosomiasis, helping to decrease the morbidity associated with the infection in murine model.
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de Godoy KF, de Almeida Rodolpho JM, de Lima Fragelli BD, Camillo L, Brassolatti P, Assis M, Nogueira CT, Speglich C, Longo E, de Freitas Anibal F. Cytotoxic Effects Caused by Functionalized Carbon Nanotube in Murine Macrophages. Cell Physiol Biochem 2022; 56:514-529. [PMID: 36168820 DOI: 10.33594/000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The development of new nanomaterials has been growing in recent decades to bring benefits in several areas, especially carbon-based nanoparticles, which have unique physical-chemical properties and allow to take on several applications. Consequently, the use of new nanomaterials without previous toxicological studies raises concern about possible harmful health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic profile of a new multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine called OCNT-TEPA using in vitro assays in murine macrophage cells linage J774 A.1. METHODS OCNT-TEPA was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and its cytotoxic effects were evaluated at 24 and 48 hours by cell viability assays (MTT and NR), morphology and cell recovery (optic microscopy and clonogenic assay), formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) species, inflammatory profile (IL-6 and TNF cytokines), mitochondrial membrane potential analysis (MMP), activation of the caspase 3 pathway and cell death (flow cytometry). RESULTS The data showed a significant decrease in cell viability, increased production of ROS and NO, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, alteration of cell morphology, activation of the Caspase 3 pathway and consequently cell death, in the highest concentrations of OCNT-TEPA tested in the periods of 24 and 48 hours. CONCLUSION The analyses showed that OCNT-TEPA has a dose-dependent cytotoxic profile, which may be harmful to murine macrophages (J774 A.1) and may represent a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissia Franco de Godoy
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil,
| | - Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luciana Camillo
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brassolatti
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Assis
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castelló, Spain
| | - Camila Tita Nogueira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Pequenas Moléculas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina Unifesp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Speglich
- Centro de Pesquisa Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello CENPES/Petrobrás, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elson Longo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Funcionais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Cagnazzo TDO, Nogueira CT, de Castro CA, Neris DM, Fattori ACM, Correia RDO, Albuquerque YR, Fragelli BDDL, Mendes TMF, Allegretti SM, Soares EG, Romanello L, Torini JR, Pereira HD, Anibal FDF. Investigating Immunization With Nucleotide Enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni: Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase and Adenylosuccinate Lyase as New Antigenic Targets Against Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569988. [PMID: 33072110 PMCID: PMC7538676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma mansoni trematode worm, affects more than 1.5 million people in Brazil. The current treatment consists in the administration of Praziquantel, the only medicine used for treatment for more than 40 years. Some of the limitations of this drug consist in its inactivity against schistosomula and parasite eggs, the appearance of resistant strains and non-prevention against reinfection. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunization with recombinant functional enzymes of the purine salvage pathway of S. mansoni, Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDPK) and Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL), to evaluate the host immune response, as well as the parasite load after vaccination. For this, Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups: control (uninfected and untreated), non-immunized/infected, NDPK infected, ADSL infected, and NDPK + ADSL infected. Immunized groups received three enzyme dosages, with a 15-day interval between each dose, and after 15 days of the last application the animals were infected with 80 cercariae of S. mansoni. On the 47th day after the infection, fecal eggs were counted and, on the 48th day after the infection, the evaluation of leukocyte response, parasite load, antibody production, cytokines quantification, and histopathological analysis were performed. The results showed that immunizations with NDPK, ADSL or NDPK + ADSL promoted a discreet reduction in eosinophil counts in lavage of peritoneal cavity. All immunized animals showed increased production and secretion of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE antibodies. Increased production of IL-4 was observed in the group immunized with the combination of both enzymes (NDPK + ADSL). In addition, in all immunized groups there were reductions in egg counts in the liver and intestine, such as reductions in liver granulomas. Thus, we suggest that immunizations with these enzymes could contribute to the reduction of schistosomiasis transmission, besides being important in immunopathogenesis control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio di Orlando Cagnazzo
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Camila Tita Nogueira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Débora Meira Neris
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Maragno Fattori
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Correia
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Yulli Roxenne Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Silmara Marques Allegretti
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Garcia Soares
- Laboratório de Citopatologia, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Larissa Romanello
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Roberta Torini
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Humberto D'Muniz Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Nogueira CT, Cistia MLD, Urbaczek AC, Jusi MMG, Velásquez AMA, Machado RZ, Ferreira H, Henrique-Silva F, Langoni H, da Costa PI, Graminha MAS. Potential application of rLc36 protein for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:197-201. [PMID: 29412359 PMCID: PMC5804312 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is fatal if left untreated. Infected dogs are important reservoirs of the disease, and thus specific identification of infected animals is very important. Several diagnostic tests have been developed for canine VL (CVL); however, these tests show varied specificity and sensitivity. The present study describes the recombinant protein rLc36, expressed by Leishmania infantum, as potential antigen for more sensitive and specific diagnosis of CVL based on an immunoenzymatic assay. The concentration of 1.0 μg/mL of rLc36 enabled differentiation of positive and negative sera and showed a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71% (with 95% confidence), with an accuracy of 76%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tita Nogueira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, Campus de Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Mayara Lúcia Del Cistia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus de Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Campus de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Márcia MG Jusi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rosângela Zacarias Machado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Hélio Langoni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e de Zootecnia, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Inácio da Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus de Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Márcia AS Graminha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, Campus de Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus de Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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Urbaczek AC, Ximenes VF, Afonso A, Generoso WC, Nogueira CT, Tansini A, Cappelini LTD, Malagó Júnior W, da Silva FH, da Fonseca LM, da Costa PI. Recombinant hepatitis C virus-envelope protein 2 interactions with low-density lipoprotein/CD81 receptors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:534-42. [PMID: 26018451 PMCID: PMC4501418 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope protein 2 (E2) is involved in viral binding to host cells. The aim of this work was to produce recombinant E2B and E2Y HCV proteins in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, respectively, and to study their interactions with low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and CD81 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the ECV304 bladder carcinoma cell line. To investigate the effects of human LDL and differences in protein structure (glycosylated or not) on binding efficiency, the recombinant proteins were either associated or not associated with lipoproteins before being assayed. The immunoreactivity of the recombinant proteins was analysed using pooled serum samples that were either positive or negative for hepatitis C. The cells were immunophenotyped by LDLr and CD81 using flow cytometry. Binding and binding inhibition assays were performed in the presence of LDL, foetal bovine serum (FCS) and specific antibodies. The results revealed that binding was reduced in the absence of FCS, but that the addition of human LDL rescued and increased binding capacity. In HUVEC cells, the use of antibodies to block LDLr led to a significant reduction in the binding of E2B and E2Y. CD81 antibodies did not affect E2B and E2Y binding. In ECV304 cells, blocking LDLr and CD81 produced similar effects, but they were not as marked as those that were observed in HUVEC cells. In conclusion, recombinant HCV E2 is dependent on LDL for its ability to bind to LDLr in HUVEC and ECV304 cells. These findings are relevant because E2 acts to anchor HCV to host cells; therefore, high blood levels of LDL could enhance viral infectivity in chronic hepatitis C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Afonso
- Unidade de Parasitologia Médica e Microbiologia,, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wesley Cardoso Generoso
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Tita Nogueira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Tansini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilson Malagó Júnior
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Inácio da Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Urbaczek AC, Ribeiro LCDA, Ximenes VF, Afonso A, Nogueira CT, Generoso WC, Alberice JV, Rudnicki M, Ferrer R, da Fonseca LM, da Costa PI. Inflammatory response of endothelial cells to hepatitis C virus recombinant envelope glycoprotein 2 protein exposure. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:748-56. [PMID: 25317702 PMCID: PMC4238766 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes approximately 10 different structural and non-structural proteins, including the envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). HCV proteins, especially the envelope proteins, bind to cell receptors and can damage tissues. Endothelial inflammation is the most important determinant of fibrosis progression and, consequently, cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the inflammatory response of endothelial cells to two recombinant forms of the HCV E2 protein produced in different expression systems (Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris). We observed the induction of cell death and the production of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor A in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by the two recombinant E2 proteins. The E2-induced apoptosis of HUVECs was confirmed using the molecular marker PARP. The apoptosis rescue observed when the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was used suggests that reactive oxygen species are involved in E2-induced apoptosis. We propose that these proteins are involved in the chronic inflammation caused by HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual
Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Afonso
- Departamento de Parasitologia Médica, Unidade de Parasitologia Médica e
Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropcal, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
- Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricações e Separações, Departamento de
Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Tita Nogueira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Wesley Cardoso Generoso
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vieira Alberice
- Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricações e Separações, Departamento de
Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Martina Rudnicki
- Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,
SP, Brasil
| | - Renila Ferrer
- Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,
SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Inácio da Costa
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Póvoa R, Ferreira C, Kasinski N, Murad N, Almeida DR, Nogueira CT, Ferreira Filho C, Martinez Filho EE. [Acute pulmonary edema secondary to pheochromocytoma. A case report]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1989; 52:145-7. [PMID: 2597002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Authors report a case of a patient with abdominal pheochromocytoma who presented recurrent episodes of acute pulmonary edema. No cardiopathy was detected either by clinical examination or by electrocardiogram, echograms or invasive cineventricleangiograma. They concluded that a non cardiogenic etiology is possible for the referred clinical manifestations.
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