1
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Milc K, Oerther T, Dijksman JA, van Duynhoven JPM, Terenzi C. Capillary Flow-MRI: Quantifying Micron-Scale Cooperativity in Complex Dispersions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15162-15170. [PMID: 37796921 PMCID: PMC10585662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Strongly confined flow of particulate fluids is encountered in applications ranging from three-dimensional (3D) printing to the spreading of foods and cosmetics into thin layers. When flowing in constrictions with gap sizes, w, within 102 times the mean size of particles or aggregates, d, structured fluids experience enhanced bulk velocities and inhomogeneous viscosities, as a result of so-called cooperative, or nonlocal, particle interactions. Correctly predicting cooperative flow for a wide range of complex fluids requires high-resolution flow imaging modalities applicable in situ to even optically opaque fluids. To this goal, we here developed a pressure-driven high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) velocimetry platform, comprising a pressure controller connected to a capillary. Wall properties and diameter could be modified respectively as hydrophobic/hydrophilic, or within w ∼ 100-540 μm. By achieving a high spatial resolution of 9 μm, flow cooperativity length scales, ξ, down to 15 μm in Carbopol with d ∼ 2 μm could be quantified by means of established physical models with an accuracy of 13%. The same approach was adopted for a heterogeneous fat crystal dispersion (FCD) with d and ξ values up to an order of magnitude higher than those for Carbopol. We found that for strongly confined flow of Carbopol in the 100 μm capillary, ξ is independent of flow conditions. For the FCD, ξ increases with gap size and applied pressures over 0.25-1 bar. In both samples, nonlocal interactions span domains up to about 5-8 particles but, at the highest confinement degree explored, ∼8% for FCD, domains of only ∼2 particles contribute to cooperative flow. The developed flow-MRI platform is easily scalable to ultrahigh field MRI conditions for chemically resolved velocimetric measurements of, e.g., complex fluids with anisotropic particles undergoing alignment. Future potential applications of the platform encompass imaging extrusion under confinement during the 3D printing of complex dispersions or in in vitro vascular and perfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia
W. Milc
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of
Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P. M. van Duynhoven
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Unilever
Foods Innovation Centre Hive, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Franssen WMJ, Treibel TA, Seraphim A, Weingärtner S, Terenzi C. Model-free phasor image analysis of quantitative myocardial T 1 mapping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19840. [PMID: 36400794 PMCID: PMC9674690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Model-free phasor image analysis, well established in fluorescence lifetime imaging and only recently applied to qMRI [Formula: see text] data processing, is here adapted and validated for myocardial qMRI [Formula: see text] mapping. Contrarily to routine mono-exponential fitting procedures, phasor enables mapping the lifetime information from all image voxels to a single plot, without resorting to any regression fitting analysis, and describing multi-exponential qMRI decays without biases due to violated modelling assumptions. In this feasibility study, we test the performance of our recently developed full-harmonics phasor method for unravelling partial-volume effects, motion or pathological tissue alteration, respectively on a numerically-simulated dataset, a healthy subject scan, and two pilot patient datasets. Our results show that phasor analysis can be used, as alternative method to fitting analysis or other model-free approaches, to identify motion artifacts or partial-volume effects at the myocardium-blood interface as characteristic deviations, or delineations of scar and remote myocardial tissue in patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter M. J. Franssen
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Treibel
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK ,grid.416353.60000 0000 9244 0345Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andreas Seraphim
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK ,grid.416353.60000 0000 9244 0345Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Weingärtner
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Mayar M, Miltenburg JL, Hettinga K, Smeets PAM, van Duynhoven JPM, Terenzi C. Non-invasive monitoring of in vitro gastric milk protein digestion kinetics by 1H NMR magnetization transfer. Food Chem 2022; 383:132545. [PMID: 35255364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Processing of milk involves heating, which can modify the structure and digestibility of its proteins. In vitro models are useful for studying protein digestion. However, validating these models with in vivo data is challenging. Here, we non-invasively monitor in vitro gastric milk protein digestion by protein-water chemical exchange detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetization transfer (MT). We obtained either a fitted composite exchange rate (CER) with a relative standard error of ≤10% or the MT ratio (MTR) of the intensity without or with an off-resonance saturation pulse, from just a single spectral acquisition. Both CER and MTR, affected by the variation in the amount of semi-solid protons, decreased during in vitro gastric digestion in agreement with standard protein content analyses. The decrease was slower in heated milk, indicating slower breakdown of the coagulum. Our results open the way to future quantification of protein digestion in vivo by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morwarid Mayar
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie L Miltenburg
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Milc KW, Serial MR, Philippi J, Dijksman JA, van Duynhoven JPM, Terenzi C. Validation of temperature-controlled rheo-MRI measurements in a submillimeter-gap Couette geometry. Magn Reson Chem 2022; 60:606-614. [PMID: 33788305 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A temperature-controlled submillimeter-gap (500 μm) rheo-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Couette cell has been developed to measure confined flow of soft structured materials under controlled temperature. The proposed setup enables performing rheo-MRI measurements using (i) a spatially uniform temperature control over the range 15°C to 40°C and (ii) a high spatial resolution up to 10 μm, as a consequence of the improved mechanical stability of the in-house developed rotating elements. Here, we demonstrate the performance of the cell for the rheo-MRI velocimetry study of a thixotropic fat crystal dispersion, a complex fluid commonly used in food manufacturing. The submillimeter-gap geometry and variable temperature capability of the cell enable observing the effects of shear- and temperature-induced fat recrystallization on both wall slip and shear banding under strongly confined flow. Our improved rheo-MRI setup opens new perspectives for the fundamental study of strongly confined flow, cooperative effects, and the underlying interparticle interactions and for ultimately aiding optimization of products involved in spreading/extrusion, such as cosmetics and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia W Milc
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria R Serial
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Philippi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John P M van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Science and Technology, Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Hive, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Serial MR, Arnaudov LN, Stoyanov S, Dijksman JA, Terenzi C, van Duynhoven JPM. Non-Invasive Rheo-MRI Study of Egg Yolk-Stabilized Emulsions: Yield Stress Decay and Protein Release. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103070. [PMID: 35630546 PMCID: PMC9146701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the time-dependent flow behavior of concentrated oil-in-water emulsions is of considerable industrial importance. Along with conventional rheology measurements, localized flow and structural information are key to gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms causing time variations upon constant shear. In this work, we study the time-dependent flow behavior of concentrated egg-yolk emulsions with (MEY) or without (EY) enzymatic modification and unravel the effects caused by viscous friction during shear. We observe that prolonged shear leads to irreversible and significant loss of apparent viscosity in both emulsion formulations at a mild shear rate. The latter effect is in fact related to a yield stress decay during constant shearing experiments, as indicated by the local flow curve measurements obtained by rheo-MRI. Concurrently, two-dimensional D-T2 NMR measurements revealed a decrease in the T2 NMR relaxation time of the aqueous phase, indicating the release of surface-active proteins from the droplet interface towards the continuous water phase. The combination of an increase in droplet diameter and the concomitant loss of proteins aggregates from the droplet interface leads to a slow decrease in yield stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Serial
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Luben N. Arnaudov
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (L.N.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Simeon Stoyanov
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (L.N.A.); (S.S.)
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.S.); (C.T.)
| | - John P. M. van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.S.); (C.T.)
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (L.N.A.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Milc KW, Dijksman JA, van Duynhoven JPM, Terenzi C. Quantifying cooperative flow of fat crystal dispersions. Soft Matter 2022; 18:2782-2789. [PMID: 35316311 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00233g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We quantify the cooperative flow behaviour of fat crystal dispersions (FCDs) upon varying crystallization conditions. The latter enabled altering the multiscale microstructure of the FCDs, from the nanometer-sized platelets, and the dispersed fractal aggregates, up to the strength of the mesoscopic weak-link network. To the goal of characterizing strongly-confined flow in these optically-opaque materials, we acquire high-resolution rheo-magnetic-resonance-imaging (rheo-MRI) velocimetry measurements using an in-house developed 500 μm gap Couette cell (CC). We introduce a numerical fitting method based on the fluidity model, which yields the cooperativity length, ξ, in the narrow-gap CC. FCDs with aggregates sizes smaller than the confinement size by an order of magnitude were found to exhibit cooperativity effects. The respective ξ values diverged at the yield stress, in agreement with the Kinetic Elasto-Plastic (KEP) theory. In contrast, the FCD with aggregates sizes in the order of the gap size did not exhibit any cooperativity effect: we attribute this result to the correspondingly decreased mobility of the aggregates. We foresee that our optimized rheo-MRI measurement and fitting analysis approach will propel further similar studies of flow of other multi-scale and optically-opaque materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia W Milc
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John P M van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Hive, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Serial M, Velichko E, Nikolaeva T, den Adel R, Terenzi C, Bouwman W, van Duynhoven J. High-pressure homogenized citrus fiber cellulose dispersions: Structural characterization and flow behavior. Food Structure 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2021.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Chemical feedback between building block synthesis and their subsequent supramolecular self-assembly into nanostructures has profound effects on assembly pathways. Nature harnesses feedback in reaction-assembly networks in a variety of scenarios including virion formation and protein folding. Also in nanomaterial synthesis, reaction-assembly networks have emerged as a promising control strategy to regulate assembly processes. Yet, how chemical feedback affects the fundamental pathways of structure formation remains unclear. Here, we unravel the pathways of a templated reaction-assembly network that couples a covalent polymerization to an electrostatic coassembly process. We show how the supramolecular staging of building blocks at a macromolecular template can accelerate the polymerization reaction and prevent the formation of kinetically trapped structures inherent to the process in the absence of feedback. Finally, we establish a predictive kinetic reaction model that quantitatively describes the pathways underlying these reaction-assembly networks. Our results shed light on the fundamental mechanisms by which chemical feedback can steer self-assembly reactions and can be used to rationally design new nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Bos
- Physical Chemistry
and Soft Matter, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng
4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708
WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry
and Soft Matter, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng
4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Franssen WMJ, Vergeldt FJ, Bader AN, van Amerongen H, Terenzi C. Full-Harmonics Phasor Analysis: Unravelling Multiexponential Trends in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9152-9158. [PMID: 33053305 PMCID: PMC7649845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phasor analysis is a robust, nonfitting, method for the study of multiexponential decays in lifetime imaging data, routinely used in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) and only recently validated for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In the established phasor approach, typically only the first Fourier harmonic is used to unravel time-domain exponential trends and their intercorrelations across image voxels. Here, we demonstrate the potential of full-harmonics (FH) phasor analysis by using all frequency-domain data points in simulations and quantitative MRI (qMRI) T2 measurements of phantoms with bulk liquids or liquid-filled porous particles and of a human brain. We show that FH analysis, while of limited advantage in FLIM due to the correlated nature of shot noise, in MRI outperforms single-harmonic phasor in unravelling multiple physical environments and partial-volume effects otherwise undiscernible. We foresee application of FH phasor to, e.g., big-data analysis in qMRI of biological or other multiphase systems, where multiparameter fitting is unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter M. J. Franssen
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Vergeldt
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen N. Bader
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy
Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy
Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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10
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Terenzi C, Sederman AJ, Mantle MD, Gladden LF. Enabling High Spectral Resolution of Liquid Mixtures in Porous Media by Antidiagonal Projections of Two-Dimensional 1H NMR COSY Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5781-5785. [PMID: 31509420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive, in situ chemical identification of liquid mixtures confined in porous materials is experimentally challenging. NMR is chemically resolved and applicable to optically opaque systems but suffers from a significant loss in spectral resolution in the presence of the magnetic field inhomogeneities typical of porous media. In this work, we introduce a method of analysis of conventional two-dimensional (2D) 1H NMR correlation spectroscopy (COSY) spectra based on the extraction of 1D antidiagonal projections, which are free from line-broadening effects and can therefore be used for chemical species identification. Here, we show the application of the technique to the measurement of linear n-alkanes where the cross-to-diagonal peak ratios are shown to follow a power-law curve as a function of the chain length. This calibration enables quantifying mixtures of linear hydrocarbons confined in any porous material independently of temperature or inter-molecular dynamics. Thus, this is a promising tool for quantitative chemical reaction monitoring studies in heterogeneous systems under operando experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Terenzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Andrew J Sederman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Michael D Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Lynn F Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, West Cambridge Site , Cambridge CB3 0AS , U.K
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Terenzi C, Sederman AJ, Mantle MD, Gladden LF. Spatially-resolved 1H NMR relaxation-exchange measurements in heterogeneous media. J Magn Reson 2019; 299:101-108. [PMID: 30593999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the 1H NMR T2-T2 relaxation-exchange (REXSY) technique has become an essential tool for the molecular investigation of simple and complex fluids in heterogeneous porous solids and soft matter, where the mixing-time-evolution of cross-correlated T2-T2 peaks enables a quantitative study of diffusive exchange kinetics in multi-component systems. Here, we present a spatially-resolved implementation of the T2-T2 correlation technique, named z-T2-T2, based on one-dimensional spatial mapping along z using a rapid frequency-encode imaging scheme. Compared to other phase-encoding methods, the adopted MRI technique has two distinct advantages: (i) is has the same experimental duration of a standard (bulk) T2-T2 measurement, and (ii) it provides a high spatial resolution. The proposed z-T2-T2 method is first validated against bulk T2-T2 measurements on homogeneous phantom consisting of cyclohexane uniformly imbibed in finely-sized α-Al2O3 particles at a spatial resolution of 0.47 mm; thereafter, its performance is demonstrated, on a layered bed of multi-sized α-Al2O3 particles, for revealing spatially-dependent molecular exchange kinetics properties of intra- and inter-particle cyclohexane as a function of particle size. It is found that localised z-T2-T2 spectra provide well resolved cross peaks whilst such resolution is lost in standard bulk T2-T2 data. Future prospective applications of the method lie, in particular, in the local characterisation of mass transport phenomena in multi-component porous media, such as rock cores and heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Terenzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Andrew J Sederman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Michael D Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Lynn F Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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13
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Chen P, Terenzi C, Furó I, Berglund LA, Wohlert J. Hydration-Dependent Dynamical Modes in Xyloglucan from Molecular Dynamics Simulation of 13C NMR Relaxation Times and Their Distributions. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2567-2579. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Terenzi C, Bouguet-Bonnet S, Canet D. Direct 1H NMR evidence of spin-rotation coupling as a source of para → ortho-H 2 conversion in diamagnetic solvents. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154203. [PMID: 28433034 DOI: 10.1063/1.4980079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At ambient temperature, conversion from 100% enriched para-hydrogen (p-H2; singlet state) to ortho-hydrogen (o-H2; triplet state) leads necessarily to the thermodynamic equilibrium proportions: 75% of o-H2 and 25% of p-H2. When p-H2 is dissolved in a diamagnetic organic solvent, conversion is very slow and can be considered as arising from nuclear spin relaxation phenomena. A first relaxation mechanism, specific to the singlet state and involving a combination of auto-correlation and cross correlation spectral densities, can be retained: randomly fluctuating magnetic fields due to inter-molecular dipolar interactions. We demonstrate here that (i) this dipolar mechanism is not sufficient for accounting for the para→ortho conversion rate, (ii) spin-rotation interaction, an intra-molecular mechanism, behaves similarly to random-field interaction and, thus, may be involved in the singlet relaxation rate. Also, as the para→ortho conversion is monitored by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of dissolved o-H2 (p-H2 is NMR-silent), one has to account for H2 exchange between the liquid phase and the gas phase within the NMR tube, as well as for dissolution effects. Experimental evidence of the above statements is brought here in the case of two organic solvents: acetone-d6 and carbon disulfide. The observed temperature dependence of the para→ortho conversion rate shows that spin-rotation can be the dominant contribution to the p-H2 relaxation rate in the absence of tangible dipolar interactions. Our findings shed new light on the "mysterious" mechanism of the para→ortho conversion which has been searched for several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Terenzi
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandæuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
| | | | - Daniel Canet
- Université de Lorraine, IJB, FR 2843, Vandæuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
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15
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Lindh EL, Terenzi C, Salmén L, Furó I. Water in cellulose: evidence and identification of immobile and mobile adsorbed phases by 2H MAS NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4360-4369. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The organization of water molecules adsorbed onto cellulose and the supramolecular hydrated structure of microfibril aggregates represents, still today, one of the open and complex questions in the physical chemistry of natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Lindh
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - C. Terenzi
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - L. Salmén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
- Innventia AB
| | - I. Furó
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
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Lindh EL, Bergenstråhle-Wohlert M, Terenzi C, Salmén L, Furó I. Non-exchanging hydroxyl groups on the surface of cellulose fibrils: The role of interaction with water. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Prakobna K, Terenzi C, Zhou Q, Furó I, Berglund LA. Core–shell cellulose nanofibers for biocomposites – Nanostructural effects in hydrated state. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 125:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Terenzi C, Bouguet-Bonnet S, Canet D. Electron Spin Polarization Transfer to ortho-H2 by Interaction of para-H2 with Paramagnetic Species: A Key to a Novel para → ortho Conversion Mechanism. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1611-1615. [PMID: 26263322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report that at ambient temperature and with 100% enriched para-hydrogen (p-H2) dissolved in organic solvents, paramagnetic spin catalysis of para → ortho hydrogen conversion is accompanied at the onset by a negative ortho-hydrogen (o-H2) proton NMR signal. This novel finding indicates an electron spin polarization transfer, and we show here that this can only occur if the H2 molecule is dissociated upon its transient adsorption by the paramagnetic catalyst. Following desorption, o-H2 is created until the thermodynamic equilibrium is reached. A simple theory confirms that in the presence of a static magnetic field, the hyperfine coupling between unpaired electrons and nuclear spins is responsible for the observed polarization transfer. Owing to the negative electron gyromagnetic ratio, this explains the experimental results and ascertains an as yet unexplored mechanism for para → ortho conversion. Finally, we show that the recovery of o-H2 magnetization toward equilibrium can be simply modeled, leading to the para → ortho conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Terenzi
- †Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
- ‡CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
| | - Sabine Bouguet-Bonnet
- †Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
- ‡CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
| | - Daniel Canet
- §Université de Lorraine, IJB, FR 2843, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
- ∥CNRS, IJB, FR 2843, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506, France
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19
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Terenzi C, Prakobna K, Berglund LA, Furó I. Nanostructural Effects on Polymer and Water Dynamics in Cellulose Biocomposites: 2H and 13C NMR Relaxometry. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1506-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Terenzi
- Division of Applied
Physical Chemistry, ‡Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, and §Department of
Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasinee Prakobna
- Division of Applied
Physical Chemistry, ‡Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, and §Department of
Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Division of Applied
Physical Chemistry, ‡Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, and §Department of
Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Division of Applied
Physical Chemistry, ‡Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, and §Department of
Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Casieri C, Terenzi C, De Luca F. Noninvasive monitoring of moisture uptake in Ca(NO3)2 -polluted calcareous stones by 1H-NMR relaxometry. Magn Reson Chem 2015; 53:15-21. [PMID: 25354389 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
NMR transverse relaxation time (T(2)) distribution of (1)H nuclei of water has been used to monitor the moisture condensation kinetics in Ca(NO(3))(2) · (4)H(2)O-polluted Lecce stone, a calcareous stone with highly regular porous structure often utilized as basic material in Baroque buildings. Polluted samples have been exposed to water vapor adsorption at controlled relative humidity to mimic environmental conditions. In presence of pollutants, the T(2) distributions of water in stone exhibit a range of relaxation time values and amplitudes not observed in the unpolluted case. These characteristics could be exploited for in situ noninvasive detection of salt pollution in Lecce stone or as damage precursors in architectural buildings of cultural heritage interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Casieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università de L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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21
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Terenzi C, Dvinskikh SV, Furó I. Wood Microstructure Explored by Anisotropic 1H NMR Line Broadening: Experiments and Numerical Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8620-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4043733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Terenzi
- Division of Applied Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey V. Dvinskikh
- Division of Applied Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Industrial NMR Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Division of Applied Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Industrial NMR Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Casieri C, De Luca F, Nodari L, Russo U, Terenzi C. Detection of magnetic environments in porous media by low-field 2D NMR relaxometry. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brai M, Casieri C, De Luca F, Fantazzini P, Gombia M, Terenzi C. Validity of NMR pore-size analysis of cultural heritage ancient building materials containing magnetic impurities. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2007; 32:129-135. [PMID: 18023331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR relaxation time distributions, obtained with laboratory and portable devices, are utilized to characterize the pore-size distributions of building materials coming from the Roman remains of the Greek-Roman Theatre of Taormina. To validate the interpretation of relaxation data in terms of pore-size distribution, comparison of results from standard and in situ NMR experiments with results of the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) has been made. Although the pore-size distributions can be obtained by NMR in terms of either longitudinal (T(1)) or transverse (T(2)) relaxation times distributions, the shorter duration of the T(2) measurement makes it, in principle, preferable, although the determination of T(2) distributions is not necessarily an easy alternative to finding T(1) distributions. Among other things, the T(1) distribution is almost independent of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, while the T(2) distribution is strongly influenced by it. This paper was aimed at answering two questions: what are the validity limits to interpret NMR data in terms of pore-size distributions and whether the portable device can successfully be applied as a non-destructive and non-invasive tool for in situ NMR analysis of building materials, particularly those of Cultural Heritage interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brai
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Tecnologie Relative, Università di Palermo, V.le delle Scienze Pad.18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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Bortolotti V, Camaiti M, Casieri C, De Luca F, Fantazzini P, Terenzi C. Water absorption kinetics in different wettability conditions studied at pore and sample scales in porous media by NMR with portable single-sided and laboratory imaging devices. J Magn Reson 2006; 181:287-95. [PMID: 16782372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR relaxation time distributions of water (1)H obtained by a portable single-sided surface device have been compared with MRI internal images obtained with a laboratory imaging apparatus on the same biocalcarenite (Lecce Stone) samples during capillary water uptake. The aim of this work was to check the ability of NMR methods to quantitatively follow the absorption phenomenon under different wettability conditions of the internal pore surfaces. Stone wettability changes were obtained by capillary absorption of a chloroform solution of Paraloid PB72, a hydrophobic acrylic resin frequently used to protect monuments and buildings, through one face of each sample. Both relaxation and imaging data have been found in good quantitative agreement each other and with masses of water determined by weighing the samples. In particular the Washburn model of water capillary rise applied to the imaging data allowed us to quantify the sorptivity in both treated and untreated samples. Combining relaxation and imaging data, a synergetic improvement of our understanding of the water absorption kinetics at both pore and sample scales is obtained. Since relaxation data have been taken over the course of time without interrupting the absorption process, simply by keeping the portable device on the surface opposite to the absorption, the results show that the single-sided NMR technique is a powerful tool for in situ evaluation of water-repellent treatments frequently used for consolidation and/or protection of stone artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bortolotti
- Dipartimento DICMA, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- C Terenzi
- Emergency Department, Tacoma General Hospital, Tacoma, Wash., USA
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