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Prichard DO, Hamilton Z, Savage T, Smyth M, Penner C, Lakhani A, Carroll MW, Al Sarkhy A, Lemberg DA, Enns R, Jamieson D, Jacobson K. Capsule Endoscopy Complements Magnetic Resonance Enterography and Endoscopy in Evaluating Small Bowel Crohn's Disease. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019; 3:279-287. [PMID: 33241181 PMCID: PMC7678730 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) are increasingly utilized to evaluate the small bowel (SB) in Crohn's disease (CD). The primary aims were to compare the ability of WCE and MRE to detect SB inflammation in children with newly diagnosed CD, and in the terminal ileum (TI) to compare them to ileo-colonoscopy. Secondary aims were to compare diagnostic accuracy of WCE and MRE and changes in Paris classification after each study. Methods Patients (10 to 17 years of age) requiring ileo-colonoscopy for suspected CD were invited to participate. Only patients with endoscopic/histologic evidence of CD underwent MRE and WCE. SB inflammation and extent were documented and comparative analyses performed. Results Of 38 initially recruited subjects, 20 completed the study. WCE and MRE were similarly sensitive in identifying active TI inflammation (16 [80%] versus 12 [60%]) and any SB inflammation (17 [85%] versus 16 [80%]). However, WCE detected more extensive SB disease than MRE with active inflammation throughout the SB in 15 [75%] versus 1 [5%] patient (P < 0.001). Moreover, WCE was more likely to detect proximal SB disease (jejunum and ileum) compared to MRE (85% versus 50%, P = 0.04). Overall, the Paris classification changed in 65% and 85% of patients following MRE and WCE, respectively. Conclusions WCE is as sensitive as MRE for identifying active TI inflammation, but appears more sensitive in identifying more proximal SB inflammation. In the absence of concern regarding stricturing or extra-luminal disease WCE can be considered for the evaluation of suspected SB CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Prichard
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Health System La Crosse - Franciscan Healthcare, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zachary Hamilton
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas Savage
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Smyth
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carlie Penner
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alam Lakhani
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew W Carroll
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al Sarkhy
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Enns
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas Jamieson
- Department of Radiology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Xu A, Cullen B, Penner C, Zimmerman C, Kerr C, Schmalzl L. Comparing embodiment experiences in expert meditators and non-meditators using the rubber hand illusion. Conscious Cogn 2018; 65:325-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hoehr C, Lindsay C, Beaudry J, Penner C, Strgar V, Lee R, Duzenli C. Characterization of the exradin W1 plastic scintillation detector for small field applications in proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:095016. [PMID: 29634488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aabd2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate dosimetry in small field proton therapy is challenging, particularly for applications such as ocular therapy, and suitable detectors for this purpose are sought. The Exradin W1 plastic scintillating fibre detector is known to out-perform most other detectors for determining relative dose factors for small megavoltage photon beams used in radiotherapy but its potential in small proton beams has been relatively unexplored in the literature. The 1 mm diameter cylindrical geometry and near water equivalence of the W1 makes it an attractive alternative to other detectors. This study examines the dosimetric performance of the W1 in a 74 MeV proton therapy beam with particular focus on detector response characteristics relevant to relative dose measurement in small fields suitable for ocular therapy. Quenching of the scintillation signal is characterized and demonstrated not to impede relative dose measurements at a fixed depth. The background cable-only (Čerenkov and radio-fluorescence) signal is 4 orders of magnitude less than the scintillation signal, greatly simplifying relative dose measurements. Comparison with other detectors and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the W1 is useful for measuring relative dose factors for field sizes down to 5 mm diameter and shallow spread out Bragg peaks down to 6 mm in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoehr
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada. University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Penner C, Gerardy B, Williams M. 0317 Normal Values and Repeatability of a Novel Sleep Depth Scale; The Odds Ratio Product. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Penner
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
- Cerebra Health Inc, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - B Gerardy
- Cerebra Health Inc, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - M Williams
- Cerebra Health Inc, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
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Yan Y, Li X, Blanchard A, Bramwell VHC, Pritchard KI, Tu D, Shepherd L, Myal Y, Penner C, Watson PH, Leygue E, Murphy LC. Expression of both estrogen receptor-beta 1 (ER-β1) and its co-regulator steroid receptor RNA activator protein (SRAP) are predictive for benefit from tamoxifen therapy in patients with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α)-negative early breast cancer (EBC). Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1986-93. [PMID: 23579816 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roles of Estrogen Receptor-beta 1 (ER-β1) and its co-regulator Steroid Receptor RNA Activator Protein (SRAP) in breast cancer remain unclear. Previously, ER-β1 and SRAP expression were found positively correlated in breast cancer and, therefore, expression of these two molecules could characterize cancers with a distinct clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS ER-β1 and SRAP expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCIC-CTG-MA12), designed to determine the benefit of tamoxifen following chemotherapy in premenopausal early breast cancer (EBC). Expression was dichotomized into low and high using median IHC scores. Relationships with survival used Cox modeling. RESULTS In the whole cohort, ER-β1 and SRAP were not prognostic. However, high ER-β1 and SRAP significantly predicted tamoxifen responsiveness [overall survival, interaction test, P = 0.03; relapse-free survival (RFS), interaction test, P = 0.01]. Stratification by ER-α-status found predictive benefit only in ER-α-negative cases. The difference in RFS between tamoxifen and placebo was greater in patients whose tumors expressed both high SRAP and ER-β1[hazard ratio = 0.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.41; P = 0.003] versus those with low SRAP or ER-β1 (interaction test, P = 0.02). The interaction test was not significant in ER-α-positive cohorts. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that both ER-β1 and SRAP could be predictive biomarkers of tamoxifen benefit in ER-α-negative premenopausal EBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Yan Y, Yan Y, Skliris G, Skliris G, Penner C, Chooniedass-Kothari S, Chooniedass-Kothari S, Cooper C, Nugent Z, Fristenski A, Hamedani M, Blanchard A, Myal Y, Murphy L, Murphy L, Leygue E, Leygue E. Steroid Receptor RNA Activator Protein (SRAP): A Potential New Prognostic Marker for Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Node-Negative/Younger Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: The steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) is a functional RNA suspected to participate in the mechanisms underlying breast tumor progression. This RNA is also able to encode for a protein, SRAP, whose exact function remains to be determined. Our aim was to assess, in a large breast cancer cohort, whether levels of this protein could be associated with outcome or established clinical parameters.Experimental Design: Following antibody validation, we have assessed SRAP expression by tissue-microarray (TMA) analysis of 372 tumors with known steroid receptor and node status. Clinical follow-up was available for all the corresponding patients. Immunohistochemical scores were independently determined by two investigators and averaged. Statistical analyses were performed using standard univariate and multivariate tests.Results: SRAP levels were significantly (Mann-Whitney rank sum test, P<0.05) higher in estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ER+, n = 273), in progesterone receptor positive (PR+, n= 256) and in older patients (age ≥ 65 years, n = 183). When considering ER+ tumors, PR+ tumors, or young patients (< 65 years), patients with high SRAP expression had a significantly (Mantel-Cox test, P < 0.05) worse breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) than patients with low SRAP levels. SRAP also appeared as a very powerful indicator of poor prognostic for BCSS in the subset of ER+, node negative and young breast cancer patients (Cox regression analysis, n = 60, BCSS Hazard Ratio=13.937, P<0.0001).Conclusion: Our data suggest that SRAP might be a new predictor of breast cancer specific survival in younger breast cancer patients with ER+/node negative tumors.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yan
- 1University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Y. Yan
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
| | | | - G. Skliris
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
| | - C. Penner
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - C. Cooper
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
| | - Z. Nugent
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Y. Myal
- 3University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | | | - L. Murphy
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
| | | | - E. Leygue
- 2Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, MB, Canada
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Skliris GP, Hubé F, Gheorghiu I, Mutawe MM, Penner C, Watson PH, Murphy LC, Leygue E, Myal Y. Expression of small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) protein in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of primary invasive breast cancers. Histopathology 2008; 52:355-69. [PMID: 18269587 PMCID: PMC2253716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) is a recently described gene product that shows promise as a new breast biomarker. The aim was to investigate for the first time SBEM protein expression in a large cohort (n = 300) of invasive breast cancers, its relationship to established clinical variables and its association with clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of 149 oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha- and 151 ERalpha+ breast cancers. Overall, 18% of tumours were SBEM+ (n = 53/300). However, SBEM protein was more frequently observed in ER- (22%) than in ER+ cancers (13%; P = 0.049). A significant association with psoriasin/S100A7 expression (P < or = 0.0001) was observed in the entire cohort. SBEM was also positively associated with HER-2 (P = 0.046) in ER- cancers, and increased levels of SBEM were strongly associated with higher tumour grade (P = 0.0015). Furthermore, SBEM expression showed a trend towards an association with reduced overall survival and relapse-free survival in the ER+ cohort (P = 0.063 and P = 0.072, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SBEM may identify a unique subset of breast cancers with poor prognosis and may have future implications for therapeutic management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Skliris
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Yamada H, Vijayachandra K, Penner C, Glick A. Increased sensitivity of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 null cells to alkylating agents reveals a novel link between TGFbeta signaling and O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19052-8. [PMID: 11262404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100615200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-signaling pathway and gene silencing through hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands are two frequent alterations in human and experimental cancers. Here we report that nonneoplastic TGFbeta1-/- keratinocyte cell lines exhibit increased sensitivity to cell killing by alkylating agents, and this is due to lack of expression of the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). In TGFbeta1-/- but not TGFbeta1+/- cell lines, the CpG dinucleotides in the MGMT promoter are hypermethylated, as measured by restriction enzyme analysis and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. In one unstable TGFbeta1+/- cell line, loss of the wild type TGFbeta1 allele correlates with the appearance of methylation in the MGMT promoter. Bisulfite sequencing shows that in the KO3 TGFbeta1-/- cell line nearly all of the 28 CpG sites in the MGMT promoter 475 base pairs upstream of the start site of transcription are methylated, whereas most are unmethylated in the H1 TGFbeta1+/- line. Treatment of the TGFbeta1-/- cell lines with 5-azacytidine causes reexpression of MGMT mRNA and demethylation of CpG islands in the promoter. Analysis of the time course of methylation using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction shows a lack of methylation in primary TGFbeta1-/- keratinocytes and increasing methylation with passage number of immortalized clones. Subcloning of early passage clones reveals a remarkable heterogeneity and instability of the methylation state in the TGFbeta1-/- keratinocytes. Thus, the TGFbeta1-/- genotype does not directly regulate MGMT methylation but predisposes cells to immortalization-associated MGMT hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamada
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
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Penner C, Roberts D, Kunimoto D, Manfreda J, Long R. Tuberculosis as a primary cause of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:867-72. [PMID: 7881684 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis as a primary cause of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (TBMV) is an uncommon occurrence. Over a 10 yr period in the province of Manitoba, Canada (population 1,091,942 in 1991), 13 patients with TBMV were identified. Non-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis was isolated from each case. The patients fell into two categories: miliary or disseminated tuberculosis (n = 7) and tuberculous pneumonia (n = 6); eight developed ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome) and another two probable ARDS. The hospital mortality for TBMV was compared with that for mechanically ventilated nontuberculous pneumonia and ARDS patients. Hospital mortality for patients with TBMV (69%, nine of 13) was significantly worse than hospital mortality for patients with nontuberculous pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (36%, 34 of 94; p < 0.025) and similar to the hospital mortality for patients with ARDS of any cause (56%, 15 of 27; p > 0.10). APACHE II scores for all groups of patients were similar. Compared with patients with tuberculous pneumonia, patients with miliary or disseminated tuberculosis were significantly more likely to develop TBMV (18.9 versus 0.8%, p < 0.0001). Despite the availability of effective antituberculous drugs, TBMV is often associated with ARDS and carries a similarly high mortality rate. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, those with miliary or disseminated disease are especially prone to develop TBMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Penner
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Penner C, Roberts D, Kunimoto D, Manfreda J, Long R. Tuberculosis as a primary cause of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995. [DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.3.7881684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Penner C, Maycher B, Light RB. Compression of the left main bronchus between a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and an enlarged right pulmonary artery. Chest 1994; 106:959-61. [PMID: 8082391 DOI: 10.1378/chest.106.3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A man with chronic obstructive lung disease presented to the hospital with respiratory failure and a chest x-ray indicated complete radiopacity of the left hemithorax. An endobronchial malignancy was suspected, but unexpectedly left-main bronchial occlusion was found secondary to compression between a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and an enlarged right pulmonary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Penner
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- C Penner
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Penner C. IV. Ein Fall von seltener Schrotschussverletzung des Auges ohne Perforation der Bulbushüllen. Ophthalmologica 1910. [DOI: 10.1159/000292099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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