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Lopes-de-Souza L, Costal-Oliveira F, Rodrigues CR, Stransky S, de Assis TCS, Liberato C, Vivas-Ruiz D, Chocas AY, Guerra-Duarte C, Braga VMM, Chávez-Olortegui C. Bothrops atrox venom: Biochemical properties and cellular phenotypes of three highly toxic classes of toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2023; 1871:140930. [PMID: 37442518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms have a complex mixture of compounds that are conserved across species and act synergistically, triggering severe local and systemic effects. Identification of the toxin classes that are most damaging to cell homeostasis would be a powerful approach to focus on the main activities that underpin envenomation. Here, we focus on the venom of Bothrops atrox, snake responsible for most of the accidents in Amazon region of South America. We identified the key cytotoxic toxin fractions from B. atrox venom and mapped their biochemical properties, protein composition and cell damage. Five fractions were obtained by mass exclusion chromatography and contained either a single class of enzymatic activity (i.e., L-amino acid oxidases or Hyaluronidases) or different activities co-distributed in two or more protein fractions (e.g., Metalloproteinases, Serine Proteases, or Phospholipases A2). Only three protein fractions reduced cell viability of primary human cells. Strikingly, such activity is accompanied by disruption of cell attachment to substratum and to neighbouring cells. Such strong perturbation of morphological cell features indicates likely defects in tissue integrity in vivo. Mass spectrometry identified the main classes of toxins that contribute to these phenotypes. We provide here a strategy for the selection of key cytotoxic proteins for targeted investigation of their mechanism of action and potential synergism during snakebite envenomation. Our data highlights putative toxins (or combinations of) that may be the focus of future therapeutic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lopes-de-Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rego Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thamyres C S de Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Liberato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dan Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular - Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Peru
| | - Armando Yarleque Chocas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular - Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Peru
| | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Torrejón D, Cárdenas J, Juárez D, Espinoza J, Proleón A, Agurto-Arteaga A, Lazo F, Leguía M, Urra FA, Sánchez EF, Chávez-Olortegui C, Vivas-Ruiz DE, Yarlequé A. Comparison of Four Methods of RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis from The Venom of Peruvian Snakes of the Genus Bothrops of Clinical Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11161. [PMID: 37446341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA purification and cDNA synthesis represents the starting point for molecular analyses of snake venom proteins-enzymes. Usually, the sacrifice of snakes is necessary for venom gland extraction to identify protein-coding transcripts; however, the venom can be used as a source of transcripts. Although there are methods for obtaining RNA from venom, no comparative analysis has been conducted in the Bothrops genus. In the present study, we compared four commercial methods for RNA purification and cDNA synthesis from venom (liquid, lyophilized, or long-term storage) of four clinically relevant species of Peruvian Bothrops. Our results show that the TRIzol method presents the highest yield of RNA purified from venom (59 ± 11 ng/100 µL or 10 mg). The SuperScript First-Strand Synthesis System kit produced high amounts of cDNA (3.2 ± 1.2 ng cDNA/ng RNA), and the highest value was from combination with the Dynabeads mRNA DIRECT kit (4.8 ± 2.0 ng cDNA/ng RNA). The utility of cDNA was demonstrated with the amplification of six relevant toxins: thrombin-like enzymes, P-I and P-III metalloproteinases, acid and basic phospholipases A2, and disintegrins. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of RNA purification and cDNA synthesis methodologies from Bothrops genus venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torrejón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Javier Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del del Callao, Av. Juan Pablo ΙΙ 306, Bellavista 07011, Peru
| | - Diana Juárez
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Campus Principal, San Miguel 15088, Peru
| | - Jordano Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Alex Proleón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Andrés Agurto-Arteaga
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Fanny Lazo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Mariana Leguía
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Campus Principal, San Miguel 15088, Peru
| | - Félix A Urra
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Eladio F Sánchez
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Inmunología, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Armando Yarlequé
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima Cercado, Lima 15081, Peru
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 7810000, Chile
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3
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Vivas-Ruiz DE, Sandoval GA, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Zarria-Romero J, Lazo F, Rodríguez E, Magalhães HPB, Chávez-Olortegui C, Oliveira LS, Alvarenga VG, Urra FA, Toledo J, Yarlequé A, Eble JA, Sanchez EF. Fibrinogen-clotting enzyme, pictobin, from Bothrops pictus snake venom. Structural and functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:779-795. [PMID: 32169454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A thrombin-like enzyme, pictobin, was purified from Bothrops pictus snake venom. It is a 41-kDa monomeric glycoprotein as showed by mass spectrometry and contains approx. 45% carbohydrate by mass which could be removed with N-glycosidase. Pictobin coagulates plasma and fibrinogen, releasing fibrinopeptide A and induces the formation of a friable/porous fibrin network as visualized by SEM. The enzyme promoted platelet aggregation in human PRP and defibrination in mouse model and showed catalytic activity on chromogenic substrates S-2266, S-2366, S-2160 and S-2238. Pictobin interacts with the plasma inhibitor α2-macroglobulin, which blocks its interaction with fibrinogen but not with the small substrate BApNA. Heparin does not affect its enzymatic activity. Pictobin cross reacted with polyvalent bothropic antivenom, and its deglycosylated form reduced its catalytic action and antivenom reaction. In breast and lung cancer cells, pictobin inhibits the fibronectin-stimulated migration. Moreover, it produces strong NADH oxidation, mitochondrial depolarization, ATP decrease and fragmentation of mitochondrial network. These results suggest by first time that a snake venom serinprotease produces mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. Structural model of pictobin reveals a conserved chymotrypsin fold β/β hydrolase. These data indicate that pictobin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru.
| | - Gustavo A Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NYC, USA
| | - Jacquelyne Zarria-Romero
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela ra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Fanny Lazo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Edith Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Henrique P B Magalhães
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Inmunología, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Oliveira
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valeria G Alvarenga
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Félix A Urra
- Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Armando Yarlequé
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eladio F Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Estevao-Costa MI, Gontijo SS, Correia BL, Yarleque A, Vivas-Ruiz D, Rodrigues E, Chávez-Olortegui C, Oliveira LS, Sanchez EF. Neutralization of toxicological activities of medically-relevant Bothrops snake venoms and relevant toxins by two polyvalent bothropic antivenoms produced in Peru and Brazil. Toxicon 2016; 122:67-77. [PMID: 27641748 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected public pathology, affecting especially rural communities or isolated areas of tropical and subtropical Latin American countries. The parenteral administration of antivenom is the mainstay and the only validated treatment of snake bite envenoming. Here, we assess the efficacy of polyspecific anti-Bothrops serum (α-BS) produced in the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS, Peru) and at the Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED, Brazil), to neutralize the main toxic activities induced by five medically-relevant venoms of: Bothrops atrox, B. barnetti, and B. pictus from Peru, and the Brazilian B. jararaca and B. leucurus, all of them inhabiting different geographical locations. Protein electrophoretic patterns of these venoms showed significant differences in composition, number and intensity of bands. Another goal was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lyophilized α-BS developed at INS to neutralize the detrimental effects of these venoms using in vivo and in vitro assays. The availability of lyophilized α-BS has relevant significance in its distribution to distant rural communities where the access to antivenom in health facilities is more difficult. Despite the fact that different antigen mixtures were used for immunization during antivenom production, our data showed high toxin-neutralizing activity of α-BS raised against Bothrops venoms. Moreover, the antivenom cross-reacted even against venoms not included in the immunization mixture. Furthermore, we have evaluated the efficacy of both α-BS to neutralize key toxic compounds belonging to the predominant protein families of Bothrops snakes. Most significantly, both α-BS cross-specifically neutralized the main toxicological activities e.g. lethality and hemorrhage induced by these venoms. Thus, our data indicate that both α-BS are equally effective to treat snake bite victims inflicted by Bothrops snakes particularly B. atrox, responsible for the largest numbers of human envenomations in the Amazon regions of some South American countries including Peru and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Estevao-Costa
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Silea S Gontijo
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara L Correia
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Armando Yarleque
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Dan Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Edith Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Oliveira
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eladio F Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
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Oliveira CFB, Vilela A, Coura LAM, Rodrigues FTG, Nagem RAP, Chávez-Olortegui C, Maioli TU, Felicori LF. Protective antibodies against a sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles intermedia spider venom elicited in mice with different genetic background. Vaccine 2016; 34:3828-34. [PMID: 27265457 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation we used a recombinant LiD1 toxin, named rLiD1his, from Loxosceles intermedia brown spider to elicit specific antibodies in mice carrying different Human Leukocyte Antigens class II (HLAII) {DRB1.0401 (DR4), DQB1.0601 (DQ6) and DQB1.0302 (DQ8)} as well as in BALB/C and C57BL/6 control mice. All mice strains produced high antibody titers against rLiD1his but DR4 mice antibodies (the lower responder mice) were not able to recognize L. intermedia crude venom. The anti-rLiD1his sera, except from DR4 mice, were able to neutralize dermonecrotic, hemorrhagic and edematogenic effects of rLiD1his in naïve rabbits. Overlapping peptides from the amino acid sequence of LiD1 toxin were prepared by SPOT method and differences in LiD1 epitope recognition were observed using different mice anti-rLiD1his sera. The region (160)DKVGHDFSGNDDISDVGK(177) was recognized by transgenic DQ8 and DQ6 mice sera. Other epitopes were recognized by at least two different animals' sera including (10)MGHMVNAIGQIDEFVNLG(27), (37)FDDNANPEYTYHGIP(51), (70)GLRSATTPGNSKYQEKLV(87) and (259)AAYKKKFRVATYDDN(273). Among these epitopes, the epitopes 37-51 and 160-177 have already been shown in previously studies as good candidates to be used alone or combined with other peptides to induce protective immune response against Loxosceles venoms. The results presented here highlight the importance of HLAII in antibody response and recognition of specific B-cell epitopes of rLiD1his spider toxin according to HLAII type and impact in the epitopic vaccine development against this spider.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Vilela
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto M Coura
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, UFMG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Tatiani U Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem - EE, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Liza F Felicori
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, UFMG, Brazil
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Schneider FS, de Almeida Lima S, Reis de Ávila G, Castro KL, Guerra-Duarte C, Sanchez EF, Nguyen C, Granier C, Molina F, Chávez-Olortegui C. Identification of protective B-cell epitopes of Atroxlysin-I: A metalloproteinase from Bothrops atrox snake venom. Vaccine 2016; 34:1680-7. [PMID: 26917009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atroxlysin-I (Atr-I) is a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Bothrops atrox venom, the snake responsible for the majority of bites in the north region of South America. SVMPs like Atr-I produce toxic effects in victims including hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis and blood coagulation deficiency. Mapping of B-cell epitopes in SVMPs might result in the identification of non-toxic molecules capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies and improving the anti-venom therapy. Here, using the SPOT-synthesis technique we identified two epitopes located in the N-ter region of Atr-I (AtrEp1-(22)YNGNSDKIRRRIHQM(36); and AtrEp2-(55)GVEIWSNKDLINVQ(68)). Based on the sequence of AtrEp1 and AtrEp2 a third peptide named Atr-I biepitope (AtrBiEp) was designed and synthesized ((23)NGNSDKIRRRIH(34)GG(55)GVEIWSNKDLINVQ(68)). AtrBiEp was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Anti-AtrBiEp serum cross-reacted against Atr-I in western blot and was able to fully neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of Atr-I. Our results provide a rational basis for the identification of neutralizing epitopes on Atr-I snake venom toxin and show that the use of synthetic peptides could improve the generation of immuno-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Schneider
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - S de Almeida Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - G Reis de Ávila
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - K L Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C Guerra-Duarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E F Sanchez
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C Nguyen
- Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - C Granier
- Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - F Molina
- Sys2Diag, FRE 3690, CNRS Alcediag, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - C Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Fogaça RL, Capelli-Peixoto J, Yamanaka IB, de Almeida RPM, Muzzi JCD, Borges M, Costa AJ, Chávez-Olortegui C, Thomaz-Soccol V, Alvarenga LM, de Moura J. Phage-displayed peptides as capture antigens in an innovative assay for Taenia saginata-infected cattle. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8887-94. [PMID: 25081558 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine cysticercosis is detected during the routine post mortem examination of carcasses by visual inspection (knife and eye method). However, the sensitivity of this procedure is several times lower than immunoassays, even when it is performed by qualified professionals. In the present study, a new generation capture antigens were screened from a phage display peptide library using antibodies from Taenia saginata-infected animals. Eight phage clones were selected, and one, Tsag 3 (VHTSIRPRCQPRAITPR), produced similar results to the T. saginata metacestode crude antigen (TsCa) when used as a capture antigen in an ELISA. The phage-displayed peptides competed with TsCa for binding sites, reducing the reactivity by approximately 30 %. Alanine scanning indicated that proline, arginine, and serine are important residues for antibody binding. Tsag 1 (HFYQITWLPNTFPAR), the most frequent affinity-selected clone, and Tsag 6 (YRWPSTPSASRQATL) shared similarity with highly conserved proteins from the Taeniidae family with known immunogenicity. Due to their epitopic or mimotopic properties, these affinity-selected phages could contribute to the rational design of an ante mortem immunodiagnosis method for bovine cysticercosis, as well as an epitope-based vaccine to interrupt the taeniosis/cysticercosis complex.
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8
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Schneider FS, Nguyen DL, Castro KL, Cobo S, Machado de Avila RA, Ferreira NDA, Sanchez EF, Nguyen C, Granier C, Galéa P, Chávez-Olortegui C, Molina F. Use of a synthetic biosensor for neutralizing activity-biased selection of monoclonal antibodies against atroxlysin-I, an hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops atrox snake venom. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2826. [PMID: 24762927 PMCID: PMC3998924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The snake Bothrops atrox is responsible for the majority of envenomings in the northern region of South America. Severe local effects, including hemorrhage, which are mainly caused by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), are not fully neutralized by conventional serum therapy. Little is known about the immunochemistry of the P-I SVMPs since few monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against these molecules have been obtained. In addition, producing toxin-neutralizing mAbs remains very challenging. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report on the set-up of a functional screening based on a synthetic peptide used as a biosensor to select neutralizing mAbs against SVMPs and the successful production of neutralizing mAbs against Atroxlysin-I (Atr-I), a P-I SVMP from B. atrox. Hybridomas producing supernatants with inhibitory effect against the proteolytic activity of Atr-I towards the FRET peptide Abz-LVEALYQ-EDDnp were selected. Six IgG1 Mabs were obtained (named mAbatr1 to mAbatr6) and also two IgM. mAbatrs1, 2, 3 and 6 were purified. All showed a high specific reactivity, recognizing only Atr-I and B. atrox venom in ELISA and a high affinity, showing equilibrium constants in the nM range for Atr-I. These mAbatrs were not able to bind to Atr-I overlapping peptides, suggesting that they recognize conformational epitopes. Conclusions/Significance For the first time a functional screening based on a synthetic biosensor was successfully used for the selection of neutralizing mAbs against SVMPs. In this work, we propose a new screening strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies against Atr-I, a P-I class SVMP from Bothrops atrox, which is the snake responsible for the majority of the accidents in South America. SVMPs are the main toxic factors in Bothrops venom causing systemic and local hemorrhage, which may evolve to inflammation and/or necrosis. Since the toxic effects of SVMPs are related to their proteolytic activity, we have produced a peptide which was used as a biosensor for Atr-I hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of this substrate was monitored and the clones possessing inhibitory activity against the proteolytic activity of Atr-I upon the peptide were selected. Using our new approach, we have obtained four monoclonal antibodies highly specific and with neutralizing capacity against the hemorrhagic activity of either Atr-I alone or Bothrops atrox whole venom. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time where a functional screening is used for the selection of neutralizing mAbs against SVMPs. It is also the first description of mAbs anti-Atr-I, with inhibitory potential against its toxic activities which may be useful for diagnosis and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Santos Schneider
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | - Karen Larissa Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Sandra Cobo
- SysDiag, UMR3145,CNRS/BioRad, Montpellier, France
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado de Avila
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Nivia de Assis Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Departamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Dias-Lopes C, Felicori L, Rubrecht L, Cobo S, Molina L, Nguyen C, Galéa P, Granier C, Molina F, Chávez-Olortegui C. Generation and molecular characterization of a monoclonal antibody reactive with conserved epitope in sphingomyelinases D from Loxosceles spider venoms. Vaccine 2014; 32:2086-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mendes TM, Oliveira D, Figueiredo LFM, Machado-de-Avila RA, Duarte CG, Dias-Lopes C, Guimarães G, Felicori L, Minozzo JC, Chávez-Olortegui C. Generation and characterization of a recombinant chimeric protein (rCpLi) consisting of B-cell epitopes of a dermonecrotic protein from Loxosceles intermedia spider venom. Vaccine 2013; 31:2749-55. [PMID: 23664158 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric protein was constructed expressing three epitopes of LiD1, a dermonecrotic toxin from the venom of Loxosceles intermedia spider. This species is responsible for a large number of accidents involving spiders in Brazil. We demonstrated that the chimeric protein (rCpLi) generated is atoxic and that antibodies previously developed in rabbits against synthetic epitopes reactive with rCpLi in ELISA and immunoblot assays. The antibody response in rabbits against the rCpLi was evaluated by ELISA and we have detected an antibody response in all immunized animals. Overlapping peptides covering the amino acid sequence of the rCpLi were synthesized on a cellulose membrane, and their recognition by rabbit anti-rCpLi serum assessed. Three different antigenic regions were identified. The percentage of inhibition of the dermonecrotic, hemorrhagic and edematogenic activities caused by the recombinant protein LiD1r in naïve rabbits was assessed by pre-incubation with anti-rCpLi antibodies. Anti-rCpLi induced good dermonecrotic and hemorrhagic protection. The levels of protection were similar to the antiboides anti-LiD1r. In summary, we have developed a polyepitope recombinant chimeric protein capable of inducing multiple responses of neutralizing antibodies in a rabbit model. This engineered protein may be a promising candidate for therapeutic serum development or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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11
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López-Lozano JL, de Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Chávez-Olortegui C, Flores Sanchez E, Muniz EG, Bührnheim PF, Morhy L. Ontogenetic variation of metalloproteinases and plasma coagulant activity in venoms of wild Bothrops atrox specimens from Amazonian rain forest. Toxicon 2002; 40:997-1006. [PMID: 12076654 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of venoms from juvenile, sub-adult and adult wild Bothrops atrox specimens captured in Manaus region (Brazil) was performed. All venoms tested had acidic pH (5.5) and the human plasma coagulant activity was higher in venoms from juvenile and sub-adult specimens than in adults. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the most intense bands in adult venoms corresponded to polypeptides of 23 and 50kDa. The 23kDa protein was not detected in juvenile venoms. The 23 and 50kDa proteins were purified by two steps of reversed phase-HPLC followed by size exclusion HPLC. Partial amino acid sequence of the 23kDa protein showed homology to metalloproteinases from other snake venoms. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis (ESI-MS) showed that the 23kDa band contained at least three isoforms of 23030, 23300 and 23645Da. The 50kDa polypeptide was N-terminally blocked for Edman degradation and presented molecular masses ranging from 46.8 to 49.4kDa by ESI-MS. Both proteins were detected by anti-mutalysin II antibodies in immunoblotting assay indicating that they belong to the metalloproteinase family. Immunoblotting analysis also showed that the 23kDa band increased in intensity from juvenile to adult specimens.SDS-PAGE analysis of juvenile and adult venoms following autoproteolysis in pH 7.4 suggested that endogenous venom metalloproteinases can digest the 50kDa metalloproteinase, originating a new protein band of 27kDa. It was also demonstrated in juvenile venoms that the 23kDa band was not the result of proteolytic processing of the 50kDa metalloproteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis López-Lozano
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro Brasileiro de Serviços e Pesquisas em Proteínas, IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
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12
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Amaral CF, Campolina D, Dias MB, Bueno CM, Chávez-Olortegui C, Penaforte CL, Diniz CR, Rezende NA. Time factor in the detection of circulating whole venom and crotoxin and efficacy of antivenom therapy in patients envenomed by Crotalus durissus. Toxicon 1997; 35:699-704. [PMID: 9203294 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(96)00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-seven patients envenomed by Crotalus durissus were classified into three groups according to the interval between the bite and hospital admission (delta T): group 1 (n = 14, delta T < 4 hr), group 2 (n = 14, delta T > 4 hr < 8 hr) and group 3 (n = 9, delta T > 8 hr). Venous blood from these patients was sampled for biochemical and hematological analysis and for whole venom, crotoxin and antivenom enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before antivenom treatment (T0) and at 1 hr (T1), 6 hr (T6), 12 hr (T12) and 24 hr (T24) after the start of antivenom therapy. The patients were treated with 100-200 ml (10-20 ampules) of C. durissus antivenom. Whole venom and crotoxin were detected in 13 (92.8%) and 11 (78.6%) of 14 group 1 patients, respectively, in 11 (78.6%) and six (42.9%) of 14 group 2 patients, respectively, and in two (22.2%) and one (11.1%) of nine group 3 patients, respectively, before antivenom treatment. Data from this study show that whole venom and crotoxin were not detected in most of patients when the time elapsed between the bite and hospital admission was greater than 8 hr, and crotoxin was not detected in most of the patients who were admitted to the hospital at times ranging from 4 to 8 hr after the snakebite. Plasma whole venom, crotoxin and antivenom levels measured over time in these patients show the efficacy of antivenom treatment, since circulating venom and crotoxin were no longer detected 1 hr after antivenom therapy and high antivenom titers persisted for at least 24 hr after serotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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