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Youssef I, Lee A, Kukunoor S, Taiwo E, Luhrs CA, Schreiber D. Patterns of Care and Survival of Metastatic Metaplastic Breast Cancer Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e10339. [PMID: 33150115 PMCID: PMC7605212 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare, aggressive variant of breast cancer, usually triple negative disease and chemotherapy refractory. Despite this, the standard of care remains the same as invasive ductal breast cancer. We sought to analyze patterns of care and outcomes among patients with metastatic MBC. Methods: Patients over 18 years diagnosed with metastatic MBC from 2004-2015 were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Clinical and demographic details were compared between two groups (chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy). Logistic regression was performed to assess for predictors of receiving chemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess overall survival (OS) and Cox regression analysis was used to assess the impact of covariates on OS. Results: There were 7,580 patients with MBC of which 417 (5.5%) presented with metastatic disease. Median age was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR) 54-76) and median follow up for living patients was 48 months (IQR 31-77). One hundred and fifty-six (37.4%) patients received chemotherapy. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, treatment at an academic facility was associated with an increased likelihood of receiving chemotherapy (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.95-5.03, p<0.001) while age ≥65 years (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86, p=0.009) and receipt of hormonal therapy (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.85, p=0.021) were associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving chemotherapy. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher Charlson-Deyo score (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35-1.78, p<0.05) was associated with worse survival while receipt of chemotherapy (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99, p=0.041) and having insurance (HR 0.34-0.47, p<0.05) were associated with improved survival. Patients who received chemotherapy had improved median (twelve versus eight months), one-year (51% versus 38%), and two-year (35% versus 21%) OS, as compared to those who did not receive chemotherapy (p=0.006). Conclusions: In this study of MBC patients, there was a survival benefit with palliative chemotherapy in the setting of metastatic disease. As expected, treatment was most often given to younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Youssef
- Medical Oncology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Anna Lee
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Sparsha Kukunoor
- Medical Oncology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Evelyn Taiwo
- Hematology and Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Carol A Luhrs
- Medical Oncology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center/New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, USA
| | - David Schreiber
- Radiation Oncology, Summit Medical Group, Berkeley Heights, USA
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Way D, Ersek M, Montagnini M, Nathan S, Perry SA, Dale H, Savage JL, Luhrs CA, Shreve ST, Jones CA. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Providers Should Know About Caring for Veterans. J Palliat Med 2019; 22:708-713. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Way
- Department of Palliative Care, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Ersek
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Palliative Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcos Montagnini
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Susan Nathan
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sherena A. Perry
- Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Boise, Idaho
| | - Heather Dale
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Carol A. Luhrs
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Scott T. Shreve
- VA Medical Center, Lebanon, Pennsylvania
- Hospice and Palliative Care Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher A. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kukunoor S, Lee A, Taiwo EO, Schreiber D, Luhrs CA. Survival of metastatic metaplastic breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - David Schreiber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Family meetings in the intensive care unit are associated with beneficial outcomes for patients, their families, and health care systems, yet these meetings often do not occur in a timely, effective, reliable way. OBJECTIVE The Department of Veterans Affairs Comprehensive End-of-Life Care Implementation Center sponsored a national initiative to improve family meetings in Veterans Affairs intensive care units across the United States. Process measures of success for the initiative were identified, including development of a curriculum to support facility-based quality improvement projects to implement high-quality family meetings. METHODS Identified curriculum requirements included suitability for distance learning and applicability to many clinical intensive care units. Curriculum modules were cross-mapped to the "Plan-Do-Study-Act" model to aid in planning quality improvement projects. A questionnaire was e-mailed to users to evaluate the curriculum's effectiveness. RESULTS Users rated the curriculum's effectiveness in supporting and achieving aims of the initiative as 3.6 on a scale of 0 (not effective) to 4 (very effective). Users adapted the curriculum to meet local needs. The number of users increased from 6 to 17 quality improvement teams in 2 years. All but 3 teams progressed to implementation of an action plan. CONCLUSION Users were satisfied with the effectiveness and adaptability of a family-meeting quality improvement curriculum to support implementation of a quality improvement project in Veterans Affairs intensive care units. This tool may be useful in facilitating projects to improve the quality of family meetings in other intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gruenewald
- David A. Gruenewald is medical director, Palliative Care and Hospice Service, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and associate professor of medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Michelle Gabriel is director of process improvement, Office of Quality, Safety and Value, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California. Dorothy Rizzo is hospice and palliative care coordinator, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia. Carol A. Luhrs is chief, Hematology/Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System; director, Veterans Affairs Comprehensive End of Life Care Implementation Center; and associate professor of clinical medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Michelle Gabriel
- David A. Gruenewald is medical director, Palliative Care and Hospice Service, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and associate professor of medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Michelle Gabriel is director of process improvement, Office of Quality, Safety and Value, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California. Dorothy Rizzo is hospice and palliative care coordinator, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia. Carol A. Luhrs is chief, Hematology/Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System; director, Veterans Affairs Comprehensive End of Life Care Implementation Center; and associate professor of clinical medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Dorothy Rizzo
- David A. Gruenewald is medical director, Palliative Care and Hospice Service, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and associate professor of medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Michelle Gabriel is director of process improvement, Office of Quality, Safety and Value, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California. Dorothy Rizzo is hospice and palliative care coordinator, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia. Carol A. Luhrs is chief, Hematology/Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System; director, Veterans Affairs Comprehensive End of Life Care Implementation Center; and associate professor of clinical medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Carol A Luhrs
- David A. Gruenewald is medical director, Palliative Care and Hospice Service, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and associate professor of medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Michelle Gabriel is director of process improvement, Office of Quality, Safety and Value, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California. Dorothy Rizzo is hospice and palliative care coordinator, Geriatrics and Extended Care Service, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia. Carol A. Luhrs is chief, Hematology/Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System; director, Veterans Affairs Comprehensive End of Life Care Implementation Center; and associate professor of clinical medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York
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Gabriel MS, Malloy P, Wilson LR, Virani R, Jones DH, Luhrs CA, Shreve ST. End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC)–For Veterans. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Krimshtein NS, Luhrs CA, Puntillo KA, Cortez TB, Livote EE, Penrod JD, Nelson JE. Training nurses for interdisciplinary communication with families in the intensive care unit: an intervention. J Palliat Med 2011; 14:1325-32. [PMID: 22132740 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2011.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical care nurse communication training has largely been limited to didactic materials, interactive training for nurse supervisors, or brief participatory learning programs within the context of comprehensive end-of-life care educational seminars. Preliminary evidence suggests that an interactive approach can also be effective in communication skills training for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. METHODS We implemented a 1-day educational intervention in five acute care hospitals within Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 3 (New York-New Jersey region) of the Department of Veterans Affairs and focused solely on communication skills and targeted specifically to nurses providing bedside care for critically ill patients. A "learner centered" approach to skills training that has several integral components was employed. AMONG THESE ARE: a cognitive, evidence-based foundation upon which to build new skills; a method such as role-play that allows participants to practice newly learned skills; and an affective component, during which trainees can freely discuss their impressions of the exercise or explore difficulties that may have been encountered. Before and after the program we conducted a detailed assessment of participants' self-rated communication skills and of the techniques and materials we used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Post-program responses documented significant improvement in self-evaluated skills for each of the core tasks we assessed. Evidence suggests that communication with patients and families in the ICU can be most effectively approached in an interdisciplinary way. For nurses to fully realize their potential for optimal communication as members of the multidisciplinary team, they must be equipped with the necessary skills. We believe this new program helps to expand the range of approaches for training nurses in essential communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Krimshtein
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Penrod JD, Luhrs CA, Livote EE, Cortez TB, Kwak J. Implementation and evaluation of a network-based pilot program to improve palliative care in the intensive care unit. J Pain Symptom Manage 2011; 42:668-71. [PMID: 22045370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU) care could be improved by implementation of time-triggered evidence-based interventions including identification of a patient/family medical decision maker, the patient's advance directive status, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation preferences by Day 1; offer of social work and spiritual support by Day 3; and a family meeting establishing goals of care by Day 5. We implemented a program to improve care for ICU patients in five Department of Veterans Affairs' ICUs. MEASURES We measured the percent of ICU patients with lengths of stay of five or more days that received the care processes by the appropriate day. INTERVENTION Critical care and palliative care providers trained ICU nurse teams to improve care through auditing, performance feedback, improvement tools, education, and monthly team meetings. OUTCOMES Pre- and postintervention care were compared. Offering social work and spiritual support, identification of the medical decision maker, and documentation of family meetings significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS/LESSONS LEARNED ICU nurse teams can be engaged to improve care under the aegis of a collaborative quality improvement project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan D Penrod
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
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Goldwasser P, Manjappa NG, Luhrs CA, Barth RH. Pseudohypobicarbonatemia Caused by an Endogenous Assay Interferent: A New Entity. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 58:617-20. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Penrod JD, Deb P, Dellenbaugh C, Burgess JF, Zhu CW, Christiansen CL, Luhrs CA, Cortez T, Livote E, Allen V, Morrison RS. Hospital-based palliative care consultation: effects on hospital cost. J Palliat Med 2010; 13:973-9. [PMID: 20642361 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2010.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Palliative care consultation teams in hospitals are becoming increasingly more common. Palliative care improves the quality of hospital care for patients with advanced disease. Less is known about its effects on hospital costs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between palliative care consultation and hospital costs in patients with advanced disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS An observational study of 3321 veterans hospitalized with advanced disease between October 1, 2004 and September 30, 2006. The sample includes 606 (18%) veterans who received palliative care and 2715 (82%) who received usual hospital care. October 1, 2004 and September 30, 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We studied the costs and intensive care unit (ICU) use of palliative versus usual care for patients in five Veterans Affairs hospitals over a 2-year period. We used an instrumental variable approach to control for unmeasured characteristics that affect both treatment and outcome. RESULTS The average daily total direct hospital costs were $464 a day lower for the 606 patients receiving palliative compared to the 2715 receiving usual care (p < 0.001). Palliative care patients were 43.7 percentage points less likely to be admitted to ICU during the hospitalization than usual care patients (p < 0.001). COMMENTS Palliative care for patients hospitalized with advanced disease results in lower costs of care and less utilization of intensive care compared to similar patients receiving usual care. Selection on unobserved characteristics plays an important role in the determination of costs of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan D Penrod
- Health Services REAP/GRECC, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on implementation of a Veterans Affairs (VA) network-wide, standardized, high-quality palliative care (PC) program using a Web-based PC Report Card for performance monitoring and improvement. INTERVENTION The PC director and coordinator and facility directors established interdisciplinary teams at five acute care and three nursing home sites. Teams were trained together and subsequently met quarterly for ongoing training. Additionally, the PC director and coordinator developed and implemented a Web-based PC Report Card on the network Intranet for PC coordinator to report performance data monthly to the PC teams. RESULTS The number of patients in the network who received PC consults more than doubled in the first 4 years of the PC program. The percentage of deaths with PC consultation prior to death increased from 23% in fiscal year (FY) 2002 to 57% in FY06. Over the same period, the average days between the initial PC consultation and patients' death across all sites increased from 23 days to 106 days. COMMENT All the sites established PC teams and the number of consultations showed a sustained increase over baseline in 2002. All sites improved on the key process measures captured by the Report Card.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan D Penrod
- Program of Research on Serious Mental and Physical Illness, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468, USA.
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Luhrs CA, Meghani S, Homel P, Drayton M, O'Toole E, Paccione M, Daratsos L, Wollner D, Bookbinder M. Pilot of a pathway to improve the care of imminently dying oncology inpatients in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. J Pain Symptom Manage 2005; 29:544-51. [PMID: 15963862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of a previously developed clinical pathway for terminally ill patients, Palliative Care for Advanced Disease (PCAD), on a Veterans Administration (VA) acute care oncology unit, comparing processes of care and outcomes for patients on and off the pathway. The PCAD pathway is designed to identify imminently dying patients, review care goals, respect patients' wishes, assess and manage symptoms, address spirituality, and support family members. Retrospective chart reviews from 15 patients who died on PCAD, 14 patients who died on general wards during the same time, and 10 oncology unit patients who died prior to PCAD revealed that PCAD patients were more likely to have documentation of care goals and plans of comfort care (P=0.0001), fewer interventions, and more symptoms assessed (P=0.004), and more symptoms managed according to PCAD guidelines (P=0.02). Implementation of PCAD improved care of dying inpatients by increasing documentation of goals and plans of care, improving symptom assessment and management, and decreasing interventions at the end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Luhrs
- VA-New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York 11209, USA
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Luhrs CA, Raskin CA, Durbin R, Wu B, Sadasivan E, McAllister W, Rothenberg SP. Transfection of a glycosylated phosphatidylinositol-anchored folate-binding protein complementary DNA provides cells with the ability to survive in low folate medium. J Clin Invest 1992; 90:840-7. [PMID: 1387884 PMCID: PMC329938 DOI: 10.1172/jci115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KB cells express a folate-binding protein that is anchored to the plasma membrane by a glycosylated phosphatidylinositol (GPI) tail and these cells can grow in medium containing a very low folate concentration (1 nM). In contrast, mouse 3T3 cells do not express a membrane-associated folate-binding protein and cannot grow under similar low folate conditions. In these studies, 3T3 cells were transfected with a vector containing the cDNA that codes for the KB cell folate-binding protein. In contrast to the wild-type 3T3 cells, the transfected 3T3 cells express a level of folate-binding protein similar to KB cells, 1 and 1.4 ng/micrograms protein, respectively. The capacity for binding [3H] folate to the surface of transfected 3T3 cells cultured in folate-deficient medium is 7.7 pmol/10(6) cells, and this is approximately 50% of the surface binding capacity of KG cells under similar culture conditions. Moreover, after treatment of the transfected 3T3 cells with phospholipase C specific for phosphatidylinositol, the binding of [3H] folate to the surface of these cells is reduced by 90%, indicating that, like the KB cells, the folate-binding protein is anchored to the plasma membrane by a GPI tail. Although the doubling time of wild-type 3T3 cells markedly increases after 13 d of culture in folate-deficient medium, the doubling time of both the transfected 3T3 cells and KB cells do not change. The results of these experiments indicate that the GPI-anchored folate-binding protein provides a mechanism to maintain a level of folate that permits the folate-dependent metabolic functions necessary for cell survival under low folate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Luhrs
- Department of Medicine, Brooklyn Veterans Affairs Hospital, New York 11209
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Luhrs CA. The role of glycosylation in the biosynthesis and acquisition of ligand-binding activity of the folate-binding protein in cultured KB cells. Blood 1991; 77:1171-80. [PMID: 1900444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis, processing, and ligand-binding function of the membrane-associated and soluble forms of the folate-binding protein (FBP) in KB cells, a cultured human cell line, were studied using pulse-chase labeling with [35S] methionine. The intermediary and mature forms of the protein were isolated by immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and autoradiography. The earliest species identified had an Mr of 32 Kd and disappeared over 5 hours concomitant with the appearance of a 38-Kd cellular FBP. As the 38-Kd species disappeared, a 40-Kd form appeared in the medium. When tunicamycin was added to the culture medium to inhibit core glycosylation, a 26-Kd aglycosylated species and minor 28-Kd and 30-Kd forms appeared. Endoglycosidase H, which cleaves high mannose but not complex oligosaccharides, reduced the 32-Kd species to 26-Kd but the enzyme had no effect on the 38-Kd form, indicating that this species is complex glycosylated. Monensin, which blocks complex glycosylation, also inhibited synthesis of the 38-Kd species. Although both the 32-Kd and 38-Kd forms had ligand-binding sites (as demonstrated by binding to a folate-Sepharose matrix), the 26-Kd aglycosylated species, labeled in the presence of tunicamycin, lacked similar binding sites because it did not bind to the affinity matrix. In contrast, the aglycosylated 26-Kd form, which was obtained by treatment of the 32-Kd species with endoglycosidase H, did bind to the folate affinity matrix, indicating that it retained ligand-binding function. Thus, the high mannose oligosaccharide moiety is not required for the folate-binding property of the FBP, but its addition to the polypeptide chain precedes a later step that is necessary for the mature protein to have ligand-binding function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Luhrs
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York-Health Science Center
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Luhrs CA, Slomiany BL. A human membrane-associated folate binding protein is anchored by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol tail. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:21446-9. [PMID: 2557328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated and soluble forms of folate binding protein (FBP) have been identified in mammalian tissues and biological fluids. Despite their solubility differences, these two forms are functionally similar, immunologically cross-reacting, and have the same apparent molecular weights. In this study we demonstrate, for the first time, that the membrane FBP of cultured human KB cells contains a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) tail which is responsible for its hydrophobic properties and distinguishes it from the soluble FBP released into the medium. Treatment of the purified membrane FBP with phospholipase C specific for phosphatidylinositol (PI-PLC) removed the GPI tail and converted it to the soluble form without a change in apparent Mr by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, virtually all of the folate binding sites on the plasma membrane of the intact cells were released as soluble, functional FBP following treatment with PI-PLC. The GPI tail contained 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol as a mixture of fatty alcohols in ether linkage at C1 of the glycerol backbone and almost exclusively docosanoic acid (22:0) as the fatty acid on C2. The inositol also contained a mixture of fatty acids (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 20:4, 22:0) located on a site other than the C2 position since the FBP was susceptible to PI-PLC cleavage. After nitrous acid deamination, the aqueous portion of the FBP contained covalently bound fatty acids, predominantly palmitate (16:0) and stearate (18:0), indicating the presence of additional acyl groups attached to the peptide in the form of amide, ester, or thioester linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Luhrs
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York-Health Science Center, Brooklyn
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Luhrs CA, Pitiranggon P, da Costa M, Rothenberg SP, Slomiany BL, Brink L, Tous GI, Stein S. Purified membrane and soluble folate binding proteins from cultured KB cells have similar amino acid compositions and molecular weights but differ in fatty acid acylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:6546-9. [PMID: 3476960 PMCID: PMC299115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.18.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A membrane-associated folate binding protein (FBP) and a soluble FBP, which is released into the culture medium, have been purified from human KB cells using affinity chromatography. By NaDodSO4/PAGE, both proteins have an apparent Mr of approximately 42,000. However, in the presence of Triton X-100, the soluble FBP eluted from a Sephadex G-150 column with an apparent Mr of approximately 40,000 (similar to NaDodSO4/PAGE) but the membrane-associated FBP eluted with an apparent Mr of approximately 160,000, indicating that this species contains a hydrophobic domain that interacts with the detergent micelles. The amino acid compositions of both forms of FBP were similar, especially with respect to the apolar amino acids. In addition, the 18 amino acids at the amino termini of both proteins were identical. The membrane FBP, following delipidation with chloroform/methanol, contained 7.1 mol of fatty acid per mol of protein, of which 4.7 mol was amide-linked and 2.4 mol was ester-linked. The soluble FBP contained only 0.05 mol of fatty acid per mol of protein. These studies indicate that the membrane FBP of KB cells contains covalently bound fatty acids that may serve to anchor the protein in the cell membrane.
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Luhrs CA, Sadasivan E, da Costa M, Rothenberg SP. The isolation and properties of multiple forms of folate binding protein in cultured KB cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1986; 250:94-105. [PMID: 3767384 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(86)90705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The folate binding proteins (FBPs) of KB cells which were cultured in normal (N) and folate-deficient (D) medium have been characterized. The 200,000 g supernate of lysed cells contained two FBPs which could be separated by DEAE-Bio-Gel A chromatography, indicating that they differ in ionic charge although they could not be separated by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 (apparent Mr approximately 40,000). Two species of FBP, a major form of apparent Mr approximately 160,000 and a minor form of apparent Mr approximately 40,000, were identified by gel filtration through Sephadex G-150 in the membrane component of the cells after solubilization with Triton X-100. An additional FBP was isolated and purified by affinity chromatography from the medium in which these cells were cultured. By gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the apparent Mr of this FBP was approximately 44,000. The association constants for pteroylglutamic acid of the FBPs in the 200,000 g cell lysate supernate, culture medium, and Triton-solubilized membrane were similar and the relative affinity of folate analogs for the FBP, vis-à-vis pteroylglutamic acid, was similar for all species. An antiserum raised to the purified FBP from the culture medium precipitated the FBPs in the 200,000 g cell lysate supernate, Triton-solubilized membrane, and culture medium, indicating antigenic homology among these FBPs. There was no unsaturated FBP in the 200,000 g cell lysate supernate or medium when KB cells were cultured in N medium. However, when cells were cultured in D medium, the unsaturated FBP of the 200,000 g cell supernate and culture medium was substantial (9.2 and 14.1 pmol/mg protein, respectively). Unsaturated FBP was detected in the membrane of normal cells but this also increased when these cells were cultured in D medium (4.5 to 756 pmol/mg protein), indicating that the FBPs of these cellular compartments are normally saturated by folate. After 16 weeks of culture in D medium, the total folate binding capacity of the membrane-associated FBP was twofold greater than that of normal KB cells, indicating the induction of FBP.
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