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Sanmartín CD, Paula-Lima AC, García A, Barattini P, Hartel S, Núñez MT, Hidalgo C. Ryanodine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) release underlies iron-induced mitochondrial fission and stimulates mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in primary hippocampal neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:13. [PMID: 24653672 PMCID: PMC3949220 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that iron accumulation impairs brain function. We have reported previously that addition of sub-lethal concentrations of iron to primary hippocampal neurons produces Ca2+ signals and promotes cytoplasmic generation of reactive oxygen species. These Ca2+ signals, which emerge within seconds after iron addition, arise mostly from Ca2+ release through the redox-sensitive ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels present in the endoplasmic reticulum. We have reported also that addition of synaptotoxic amyloid-β oligomers to primary hippocampal neurons stimulates RyR-mediated Ca2+ release, generating long-lasting Ca2+ signals that activate Ca2+-sensitive cellular effectors and promote the disruption of the mitochondrial network. Here, we describe that 24 h incubation of primary hippocampal neurons with iron enhanced agonist-induced RyR-mediated Ca2+ release and promoted mitochondrial network fragmentation in 43% of neurons, a response significantly prevented by RyR inhibition and by the antioxidant agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Stimulation of RyR-mediated Ca2+ release by a RyR agonist promoted mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in control neurons and in iron-treated neurons that displayed non-fragmented mitochondria, but not in neurons with fragmented mitochondria. Yet, the global cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase induced by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin prompted significant mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in neurons with fragmented mitochondria, indicating that fragmentation did not prevent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake but presumably decreased the functional coupling between RyR-mediated Ca2+ release and the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Taken together, our results indicate that stimulation of redox-sensitive RyR-mediated Ca2+ release by iron causes significant neuronal mitochondrial fragmentation, which presumably contributes to the impairment of neuronal function produced by iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D Sanmartín
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea C Paula-Lima
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra García
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Barattini
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Steffen Hartel
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Laboratory of Scientific Image Processing, Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Research Ring on Oxidative Stress in the Nervous System, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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