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Jakubowska A, Rozkrut D, Antoniou A, Hamann U, Scott RJ, McGuffog L, Healy S, Sinilnikova OM, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Flugelman A, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Ozcelik H, Thomassen M, Paligo M, Aretini P, Kantala J, Aroer B, von Wachenfeldt A, Liljegren A, Loman N, Herbst K, Kristoffersson U, Rosenquist R, Karlsson P, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Melin B, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Byrski T, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Menkiszak J, Cybulski C, Serrano P, Osorio A, Cajal TR, Tsitlaidou M, Benítez J, Gilbert M, Rookus M, Aalfs CM, Kluijt I, Boessenkool-Pape JL, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Oosterwijk JC, van Asperen CJ, Blok MJ, Nelen MR, van den Ouweland AMW, Seynaeve C, van der Luijt RB, Devilee P, Easton DF, Peock S, Frost D, Platte R, Ellis SD, Fineberg E, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Jacobs C, Adlard J, Davidson R, Eccles D, Cole T, Cook J, Godwin A, Bove B, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Caux-Moncoutier V, Belotti M, Tirapo C, Mazoyer S, Barjhoux L, Boutry-Kryza N, Pujol P, Coupier I, Peyrat JP, Vennin P, Muller D, Fricker JP, Venat-Bouvet L, Johannsson OT, Isaacs C, Schmutzler R, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A, Arnold N, Varon-Mateeva R, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Deissler H, Preisler-Adams S, Simard J, Soucy P, Durocher F, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Chen X, Rebbeck T, Couch F, Wang X, Lindor N, Fredericksen Z, Pankratz VS, Peterlongo P, Bonanni B, Fortuzzi S, Peissel B, Szabo C, Mai PL, Loud JT, Lubinski J. Association of PHB 1630 C>T and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms with breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: results from a multicenter study. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:2016-24. [PMID: 22669161 PMCID: PMC3388557 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variable penetrance of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers suggests that other genetic or environmental factors modify breast cancer risk. Two genes of special interest are prohibitin (PHB) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), both of which are important either directly or indirectly in maintaining genomic integrity. METHODS To evaluate the potential role of genetic variants within PHB and MTHFR in breast and ovarian cancer risk, 4102 BRCA1 and 2093 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 6211 BRCA1 and 2902 BRCA2 carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (CIMBA) were genotyped for the PHB 1630 C>T (rs6917) polymorphism and the MTHFR 677 C>T (rs1801133) polymorphism, respectively. RESULTS There was no evidence of association between the PHB 1630 C>T and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms with either disease for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers when breast and ovarian cancer associations were evaluated separately. Analysis that evaluated associations for breast and ovarian cancer simultaneously showed some evidence that BRCA1 mutation carriers who had the rare homozygote genotype (TT) of the PHB 1630 C>T polymorphism were at increased risk of both breast and ovarian cancer (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.04 and HR 2.16, 95%CI 1.24-3.76, respectively). However, there was no evidence of association under a multiplicative model for the effect of each minor allele. CONCLUSION The PHB 1630TT genotype may modify breast and ovarian cancer risks in BRCA1 mutation carriers. This association need to be evaluated in larger series of BRCA1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Antoniou AC, Kartsonaki C, Sinilnikova OM, Soucy P, McGuffog L, Healey S, Lee A, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Cattaneo E, Barile M, Pensotti V, Pasini B, Dolcetti R, Giannini G, Putignano AL, Varesco L, Radice P, Mai PL, Greene MH, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Ozcelik H, Thomassen M, Gerdes AM, Kruse TA, Birk Jensen U, Crüger DG, Caligo MA, Laitman Y, Milgrom R, Kaufman B, Paluch-Shimon S, Friedman E, Loman N, Harbst K, Lindblom A, Arver B, Ehrencrona H, Melin B, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rebbeck T, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Cybulski C, Gorski B, Osorio A, Ramón y Cajal T, Fostira F, Andrés R, Benitez J, Hamann U, Hogervorst FB, Rookus MA, Hooning MJ, Nelen MR, van der Luijt RB, van Os TAM, van Asperen CJ, Devilee P, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Gómez Garcia EB, Peock S, Cook M, Frost D, Platte R, Leyland J, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Izatt L, Adlard J, Davidson R, Eccles D, Ong KR, Cook J, Douglas F, Paterson J, Kennedy MJ, Miedzybrodzka Z, Godwin A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Buecher B, Belotti M, Tirapo C, Mazoyer S, Barjhoux L, Lasset C, Leroux D, Faivre L, Bronner M, Prieur F, Nogues C, Rouleau E, Pujol P, Coupier I, Frénay M, Hopper JL, Daly MB, Terry MB, John EM, Buys SS, Yassin Y, Miron A, Goldgar D, Singer CF, Tea MK, Pfeiler G, Dressler AC, Hansen TVO, Jønson L, Ejlertsen B, Barkardottir RB, Kirchhoff T, Offit K, Piedmonte M, Rodriguez G, Small L, Boggess J, Blank S, Basil J, Azodi M, Toland AE, Montagna M, Tognazzo S, Agata S, Imyanitov E, Janavicius R, Lazaro C, Blanco I, Pharoah PDP, Sucheston L, Karlan BY, Walsh CS, Olah E, Bozsik A, Teo SH, Seldon JL, Beattie MS, van Rensburg EJ, Sluiter MD, Diez O, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Engel C, Meindl A, Ruehl I, Varon-Mateeva R, Kast K, Deissler H, Niederacher D, Arnold N, Gadzicki D, Schönbuchner I, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Dumont M, Chiquette J, Tischkowitz M, Chen X, Beesley J, Spurdle AB, Neuhausen SL, Chun Ding Y, Fredericksen Z, Wang X, Pankratz VS, Couch F, Simard J, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G. Common alleles at 6q25.1 and 1p11.2 are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3304-21. [PMID: 21593217 PMCID: PMC3652640 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1, near the ESR1 gene, have been implicated in the susceptibility to breast cancer for Asian (rs2046210) and European women (rs9397435). A genome-wide association study in Europeans identified two further breast cancer susceptibility variants: rs11249433 at 1p11.2 and rs999737 in RAD51L1 at 14q24.1. Although previously identified breast cancer susceptibility variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the involvement of these SNPs to breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers is currently unknown. To address this, we genotyped these SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from 42 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. In the analysis of 14 123 BRCA1 and 8053 BRCA2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, the 6q25.1 SNPs (r(2) = 0.14) were independently associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.23, P-trend = 4.5 × 10(-9) for rs2046210; HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.40, P-trend = 1.3 × 10(-8) for rs9397435], but only rs9397435 was associated with the risk for BRCA2 carriers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P-trend = 0.031). SNP rs11249433 (1p11.2) was associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17, P-trend = 0.015), but was not associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.02, P-trend = 0.20). SNP rs999737 (RAD51L1) was not associated with breast cancer risk for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-trend = 0.27 and 0.30, respectively). The identification of SNPs at 6q25.1 associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers will lead to a better understanding of the biology of tumour development in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis C Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Walker LC, Fredericksen ZS, Wang X, Tarrell R, Pankratz VS, Lindor NM, Beesley J, Healey S, Chen X, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Tirapo C, Giraud S, Mazoyer S, Muller D, Fricker JP, Delnatte C, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Engel C, Schönbuchner I, Deissler H, Meindl A, Hogervorst FB, Verheus M, Hooning MJ, van den Ouweland AMW, Nelen MR, Ausems MGEM, Aalfs CM, van Asperen CJ, Devilee P, Gerrits MM, Waisfisz Q, Szabo CI, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Harrington P, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Izatt L, Chu C, Davidson R, Eccles D, Ong KR, Cook J, Rebbeck T, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Singer CF, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Dressler AC, Pfeiler G, Godwin AK, Heikkinen T, Nevanlinna H, Agnarsson BA, Caligo MA, Olsson H, Kristoffersson U, Liljegren A, Arver B, Karlsson P, Melin B, Sinilnikova OM, McGuffog L, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Spurdle AB, Couch FJ. Evidence for SMAD3 as a modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R102. [PMID: 21114847 PMCID: PMC3046447 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current attempts to identify genetic modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated risk have focused on a candidate gene approach, based on knowledge of gene functions, or the development of large genome-wide association studies. In this study, we evaluated 24 SNPs tagged to 14 candidate genes derived through a novel approach that analysed gene expression differences to prioritise candidate modifier genes for association studies. METHODS We successfully genotyped 24 SNPs in a cohort of up to 4,724 BRCA1 and 2,693 BRCA2 female mutation carriers from 15 study groups and assessed whether these variants were associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. RESULTS SNPs in five of the 14 candidate genes showed evidence of association with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers (P < 0.05). Notably, the minor alleles of two SNPs (rs7166081 and rs3825977) in high linkage disequilibrium (r² = 0.77), located at the SMAD3 locus (15q22), were each associated with increased breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers (relative risk = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.07 to 1.45, P(trend) = 0.004; and relative risk = 1.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.40, P(trend) = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that the SMAD3 gene, which encodes a key regulatory protein in the transforming growth factor beta signalling pathway and is known to interact directly with BRCA2, may contribute to increased risk of breast cancer in BRCA2 mutation carriers. This finding suggests that genes with expression associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status are enriched for the presence of common genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Walker
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Zachary S Fredericksen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert Tarrell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Sue Healey
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- INSERM U509, Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Carole Tirapo
- INSERM U509, Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon/Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2008, UMR5201 CNRS, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Danièle Muller
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CLCC Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hoˆpital BP42, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fricker
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CLCC Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hoˆpital BP42, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Capucine Delnatte
- Centre René Gauducheau, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Nantes 44805 Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Ritterstraße 26, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Schönbuchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Sander Ring 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Deissler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verheus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans MW van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel R Nelen
- Department of Human Genetics 849, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet GEM Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M Gerrits
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Susan Peock
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Margaret Cook
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Clare T Oliver
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 9LW, UK
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 9LW, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guys Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carol Chu
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 TF7, UK
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Block 4 Yorhill NHS Trust, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service and Cancer Sciences Division, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Tim Rebbeck
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 531 BRB 2/3, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 531 BRB 2/3, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 531 BRB 2/3, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Division of Special Gynecology, Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daphne Gschwantler-Kaulich
- Division of Special Gynecology, Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne-Catharina Dressler
- Division of Special Gynecology, Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Division of Special Gynecology, Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Women's Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarni A Agnarsson
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Iceland School of Medicine, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Kristoffersson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2008, UMR5201 CNRS, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CLCC Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hoˆpital BP42, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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