Meeting Treatment Goals in Patients on Extramural Dialysis in Health Social Security in Mexico

INTRODUCTION

For the majority of renal replacement therapy history, the main treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Mexico has been peritoneal dialysis. However, the use of hemodialysis is overwhelmingly increasing, driving public health care institutions to subrogate this service. Even when the actual hiring model for subrogation is accurate, there is a lack of quality control points in the hemodialysis prescription, poor adherence to clinical practice guidelines, and a few or no record of outcomes in hemodialysis patients of these subrogated services. The objective of this work is to fill this information gap to allow for uniform and safe hemodialysis for patients of Mexico.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An observational and cross-sectional study was performed, including all patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment in subrogated units of Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in the northern region of Mexico City. Clinical and biochemical data as well as hemodialysis dose by Kt/V and urea reduction rate were collected and evaluated. To determine distribution, mean or median and SD or interquartile range were used; for nominal variables, the difference in proportions was estimated using the χ2 test; proportions were analyzed for biochemical values using the statistical package SPSS version 25.

RESULTS

In our study, >60% (485) of the patients were anemic with an average hemoglobin of 9.39 mg/dL (SD ± 1.83); serum calcium was found below 8.4 mg/dL in 51.3% (383) of patients, and only in 45.8% (342) was at an optimal level of this parameter. Only 33.5% of patients have arteriovenous fistula for dialysis access. The hemodialysis dose was optimal in >75% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS

It is necessary to enhance and monitor treatment of comorbidities in patients with ESRD in subrogated hemodialysis units in México. We observed adequate prescription of hemodialysis in a majority of patients, achieving quality control points for removal of nitrogen products. Yet, there is a lack of quality control of comorbidities; therefore, we should aim to optimize treatment for mineral-bone disorder, anemia, and nutritional status.

[Holter heart rhythm disorders in patients with acute kidney injury during hemodialysis]

BACKGROUND

The presence of acute renal injury has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (sudden death and arrhythmias).

OBJECTIVE

To know the frequency of heart rhythm disorders documented by Holter in patients in need of intermittent hemodialysis due to acute renal injury.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A prospective observational study was conducted including patients with a diagnosis of acute renal injury who received intermittent hemodialysis; demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from 28 patients. Monitoring was carried out through Holter before, during and after the hemodialysis session. Nonparametric statistics were used, with a significant value of p < 0.05. Risks were established with logistic regression.

RESULTS

There was a significant difference in supraventricular extra systoles (82.1% vs. 57.1%), ventricular extra systoles (26.7% vs. 3.6%), and supraventricular tachycardia (6.7% vs. 3.6%). The rest of the rhythm alterations without significance.

CONCLUSIONS

Intermittent hemodialysis is a factor associated with the appearance of heart rhythm disorders. The death of patients with acute renal injury and substitution was related to ventricular extra systole detected by transhemodialysis Holter.

[Long-term patient and graft survival in kidney transplant recipients]

BACKGROUND

Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients with chronic renal failure. In Mexico, good short-term results have been reported for graft survival, which is why it was carried out a study in a third level center in Mexico City to broaden these results.

OBJECTIVE

To identify long-term results of patient and graft survival.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Retrospective study with first 1600 kidney transplants performed at the Hospital de Especialidades (Specialties Hospital) "Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret" from La Raza National Medical Center. Patient and graft survival was analyzed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log rank test were performed.

RESULTS

Between October 1979 and May 2015, 1600 kidney transplants were performed (1473 [92.1%] of living donor and 127 [7.9%] of deceased donor). Graft survival censored for death with functional graft at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years was 95.4, 91.7, 88.2, 86.6 and 85.5%, respectively. Patient survival was 92.7, 90.4, 89.7, 89.4, and 88.9% at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Long-term patient and graft survival in our center is similar to that reported by other centers at an international level.

[Prediction of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients treated with intermittent hemodialysis versus CRRT]

BACKGROUND

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and it is associated with poor outcome. Some patients require renal replacement therapy (RRT), and the most frequently used are intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT). Current evidence is insufficient to conclude which modality is most appropriate to treat critically ill patients with AKI.

METHODS

We reviewed the clinical records of critically ill patients with stage 3 AKI treated with RRT. We recorded demographic and clinical data and serum creatinine. We compared the evolution and prognosis of patients treated with IHD versus those treated with CRRT by Student's t test, chi squared, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression. Logistic regression was performed to determine the association between RRT and mortality.

RESULTS

We analyzed 221 patients; the mean age was 49.8 years, and 55.2% were men. Mortality was 36.7%. IHD was used in 73.8% and CRRT in 26.2% of cases. In the group treated with CRRT, the severity of disease was higher, the recovery of renal function less frequent, the need for long-term RRT less frequent, and mortality higher, compared with those treated with IHD. CRRTs had an odds ratio (OR) of 8.64 for mortality (p = 0.063).

CONCLUSIONS

IHD is the RRT most frequently used. Mortality is higher in patients treated with CRRT. CRRTs are not an independent risk factor for death.

[Modification of health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients]

INTRODUCTION

The assessment of health-related quality of life is essential to renal replacement therapies. We conducted a study to evaluate the change in quality of life at 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation and compared with healthy population and general population.

METHODS

A prospective study in 278 renal transplant recipients using the SF-36 survey at 0, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. The results were compared with those obtained in healthy population (kidney donors) and general population. Student t test was employed for comparisons of means. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The quality of life before transplantation was lower than that observed in healthy population and the general population (p<0.001). At 6 months of transplantation significant improvement over the baseline measurement (p<0.001) in the 8 domains and the two composite scales was obtained, but at 12 months, an additional benefit was not observed. The quality of life of recipients at 12 months of transplant was lower only in the concept of general health (p=0.035) compared with healthy population. However, it was higher than general population in physical and mental composite scales (p=0.013 and p=0.001 respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The health related quality of life improved significantly at 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation, achieving equated healthy population and general population.