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de Lima BR, Lima JM, Maciel JB, Valentim CQ, Nunomura RDCS, Lima ES, Koolen HHF, de Souza ADL, Pinheiro MLB, Cass QB, da Silva FMA. Synthesis and Inhibition Evaluation of New Benzyltetrahydroprotoberberine Alkaloids Designed as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2019; 7:629. [PMID: 31620424 PMCID: PMC6760013 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from natural products are a potential source of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), which is a key enzyme in the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases. Inspired by the reported activities of isoquinoline-derivative alkaloids herein we report the design, one step synthesis and evaluation by capillary enzyme reactor (ICER) of benzyl analogs (1a–1e) of the tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid stepholidine, which is abundant in Onychopetalum amazonicum. Docking analysis based on the crystal structure of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE) indicated that π-π interactions were dominant in all planned derivatives and that the residues from esteratic, anionic and peripheral subsites of the enzyme played key interaction roles. Due to the similarities observed when compared with galantamine in the AChE complex, the results suggest that ligand-target interactions would increase, especially for the N-benzyl derivatives. From a series of synthesized compounds, the alkaloids (7R,13aS)-7-benzylstepholidine (1a), (7S,13aS)-7-benzylstepholidine (1b), and (S)-10-O-benzylstepholidine (1d) are reported here for the first time. The on flow bioaffinity chromatography inhibition assay, based on the quantification of choline, revealed the N-benzylated compound 1a and its epimer 1b to be the most active, with IC50 of 40.6 ± 1 and 51.9 ± 1 μM, respectively, and a non-competitive mechanism. The proposed approach, which is based on molecular docking and bioaffinity chromatography, demonstrated the usefulness of stepholidine as a template for the design of rational AChEIs and showed how the target-alkaloid derivatives interact with AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R de Lima
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Lima
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B Maciel
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia S Nunomura
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Afonso Duarte L de Souza
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia B Pinheiro
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Felipe Moura A da Silva
- Central Analítica-Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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