1
|
Hayes S, Obermair A, Mileshkin L, Davis A, Gordon LG, Eakin E, Janda M, Beesley VL, Barnes EH, Spence RR, Sandler C, Jones T, Vagenas D, Webb P, Andrews J, Brand A, Lee YC, Friedlander M, Pumpa K, O'Neille H, Williams M, Stockler M. Exercise during CHemotherapy for Ovarian cancer (ECHO) trial: design and implementation of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067925. [PMID: 37055210 PMCID: PMC10106078 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological evidence supports an association between higher levels of physical activity and improved cancer survival. Trial evidence is now needed to demonstrate the effect of exercise in a clinical setting. The Exercise during CHemotherapy for Ovarian cancer (ECHO) trial is a phase III, randomised controlled trial, designed to determine the effect of exercise on progression-free survival and physical well-being for patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants (target sample size: n=500) include women with newly diagnosed primary ovarian cancer, scheduled to receive first-line chemotherapy. Consenting participants are randomly allocated (1:1) to either the exercise intervention (plus usual care) or usual care alone, with stratification for recruitment site, age, stage of disease and chemotherapy delivery (neoadjuvant vs adjuvant). The exercise intervention involves individualised exercise prescription with a weekly target of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity, mixed-mode exercise (equivalent to 450 metabolic equivalent minutes per week), delivered for the duration of first-line chemotherapy through weekly telephone sessions with a trial-trained exercise professional. The primary outcomes are progression-free survival and physical well-being. Secondary outcomes include overall survival, physical function, body composition, quality of life, fatigue, sleep, lymphoedema, anxiety, depression, chemotherapy completion rate, chemotherapy-related adverse events, physical activity levels and healthcare usage. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval for the ECHO trial (2019/ETH08923) was granted by the Sydney Local Health District Ethics Review Committee (Royal Prince Alfred Zone) on 21 November 2014. Subsequent approvals were granted for an additional 11 sites across Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory. Findings from the ECHO trial are planned to be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and international exercise and oncology conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTRN12614001311640; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367123&isReview=true).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hayes
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Obermair
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Alison Davis
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital and ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Louisa G Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Eakin
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Beesley
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Barnes
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosalind Renee Spence
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carolina Sandler
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Jones
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Andrews
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Brand
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Waled and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yeh Chen Lee
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Pumpa
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | - Martin Stockler
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jones T, Sandler C, Vagenas D, Janda M, Obermair A, Hayes S. Physical activity levels among ovarian cancer survivors: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:553-561. [PMID: 33462088 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity following cancer diagnosis is associated with improved outcomes, including potential survival benefits, yet physical activity levels among common cancer types tend to decrease following diagnosis and remain low. Physical activity levels following diagnosis of less common cancers, such as ovarian cancer, are less known. The objectives of this study were to describe physical activity levels and to explore characteristics associated with physical activity levels in women with ovarian cancer from pre-diagnosis to 2 years post-diagnosis. METHODS As part of a prospective longitudinal study, physical activity levels of women with ovarian cancer were assessed at multiple time points between pre-diagnosis and 2 years post-diagnosis. Physical activity levels and change in physical activity were described using metabolic equivalent task hours and minutes per week, and categorically (sedentary, insufficiently, or sufficiently active). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to explore whether participant characteristics were related to physical activity levels. RESULTS A total of 110 women with ovarian cancer with a median age of 62 years (range 33-88) at diagnosis were included. 53-57% of the women were sufficiently active post-diagnosis, although average physical activity levels for the cohort were below recommended levels throughout the 2-year follow-up period (120-142.5min/week). A decrease or no change in post-diagnosis physical activity was reported by 44-60% of women compared with pre-diagnosis physical activity levels. Women diagnosed with stage IV disease, those earning a lower income, those receiving chemotherapy, and those currently smoking or working were more likely to report lower physical activity levels and had increased odds of being insufficiently active or sedentary. CONCLUSIONS Interventions providing patients with appropriate physical activity advice and support for behavior change could potentially improve physical activity levels and health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jones
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carolina Sandler
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Obermair
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra Hayes
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fleming S, Jones T, Janda M, Vagenas D, Ward L, Reul-Hirche H, Sandler C, Obermair A, Hayes S. Physical activity trajectories following gynecological cancer: results from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1784-1790. [PMID: 32727928 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in physical activity after a diagnosis of cancer is associated with reduced morbidity and improved outcomes. However, declines in, and low levels of, physical activity are well documented in the broader cancer population, but with limited evidence following gynecological cancer. OBJECTIVE To describe physical activity levels from before and up to 2 years after gynecological cancer surgery; to explore the relationship between physical activity patterns and quality of life; and to describe characteristics associated with physical activity trajectories post-gynecological cancer. METHODS Women with gynecological cancer (n=408) participated in a prospective study that assessed physical activity and quality of life pre-surgery (baseline), at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months post-surgery. Validated questionnaires were used to assess physical activity (Active Australia Survey) and quality of life outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General). Generalized estimating equation modeling, group-based trajectory analysis, and analysis of variance were used to identify physical activity levels over time, to categorize women into physical activity trajectory groups, and to assess the relationship between physical activity levels and quality of life, respectively. RESULTS Women had a mean±SD age of 60±11.4 years at diagnosis, with the majority diagnosed with endometrial cancer (n=235, 58%) or stage I disease (n=241, 59%). Most women (80%) started with and maintained low levels of physical activity (1-10 metabolic equivalent task hours per week), reported no physical activity throughout the follow-up period, or reduced physical activity levels over time. Only 19% of women maintained or doubled physical activity levels, so that by 24 months post-diagnosis they were engaging in sufficient levels of physical activity. Women with endometrial cancer (58% of the sample) were more likely to be overweight or obese and to report low levels of physical activity or none at all. Higher physical activity levels were associated with higher quality of life (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The low baseline and surveillance levels of physical activity show that the vast majority of gynecological cancer survivors have the ability to improve their physical activity levels. Integration of physical activity advice and support into standard care could lead to gains in quality of life during gynecological cancer survivorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fleming
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tamara Jones
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hildegard Reul-Hirche
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carolina Sandler
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Obermair
- Queensland Centre of Gynecological Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra Hayes
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones T, Spence R, Sandler C, Obermair A, Friedlander M, Mileshkin L, Davis A, Janda M, Eakin E, Barnes E, Beesley V, Gordon L, Brand A, Hayes S. Are The ACSM Exercise Guidelines Safe And Achievable For Women Receiving Chemotherapy For Ovarian Cancer? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000679180.61253.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Casson SM, Sandler C, Bogg T, Lloyd A, Barry B. Capturing Activity Pacing in People with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using Actigraphy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485353.37124.aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Sandler C, Goldstein D, Horsfield S, Bennett BK, Friedlander M, Bastick PA, Lewis CR, Segelov E, Boyle FM, Chin MT, Barry BK, Webber K, Lloyd AR. TOPS: A randomised controlled trial of a multidisciplinary intervention for post-cancer fatigue. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.9571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sandler
- University of New South Wales, NSW Cancer Survivors Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Cancer Survivors Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Horsfield
- University of New South Wales, NSW Cancer Survivors Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Segelov
- St. Vincent's Clinic, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frances M. Boyle
- University of Sydney and Mater Hospital, North Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin K Barry
- University of New South Wales, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Webber
- Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, NSW Cancer Survivors Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- University of New South Wales, NSW Cancer Survivors Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sandler C, Barry B, Tzar C, Lloyd A. Exacerbation of Fatigue following Interval and Continuous Exercise in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495526.97940.0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Sandler C, Lindstedt KA, Joutsiniemi S, Lappalainen J, Juutilainen T, Kolah J, Kovanen PT, Eklund KK. Selective activation of mast cells in rheumatoid synovial tissue results in production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra. Inflamm Res 2007; 56:230-9. [PMID: 17607547 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-007-6135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN To study the consequences of mast cell activation in human synovial tissue. METHODS Synovial tissue was obtained from 18 RA patients and mast cells was selectively activated in synovial tissue explant cultures. Expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra were determined and tissue distribution of IL-1beta was studied. RESULTS Compared to untreated synovia, selective activation of synovial mast cells increased significantly the production of TNF-alpha (0.49 +/- 0.88 vs. 4.56 +/- 3.18 pg/mg wet tissue, p < 0.001) and IL-1beta (0.058 +/- 0.032 vs. 2.55 +/- 1.98 pg/mg wet tissue, p = 0.013). The expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA increased significantly (19-fold (p = 0.009) and 13-fold (p = 0.031), respectively). Mast cell activation induced IL-1beta expression in particular in nearby CD68 positive synovial macrophages. Secretion of IL-1Ra was also increased but to a lesser degree than that of IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS Synovial mast cells produce proinflammmatory cytokines and may thus contribute to the inflammation in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sandler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Kasarmikatu 11-13, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sandler C, Ekokoski E, Lindstedt KA, Vainio PJ, Finel M, Sorsa T, Kovanen PT, Golub LM, Eklund KK. Chemically modified tetracycline (CMT)-3 inhibits histamine release and cytokine production in mast cells: possible involvement of protein kinase C. Inflamm Res 2005; 54:304-12. [PMID: 16134060 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-1358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find novel inhibitors of mast cell function we have studied the effect of a potent, non-antimicrobial, chemically modified tetracycline, CMT-3 or COL-3, on key functions of mast cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In the presence of 25 microM CMT-3, the 48/80-induced histamine release from rat serosal mast cells was inhibited significantly, to 43.0 +/- 7.3% of control. Similarly, the activation-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8 by HMC-1 cells were decreased in the presence of 25 microM CMT-3 to 13.5 +/- 4.1% and 9.7 +/- 1.1% of control, respectively. CMT-3 did not cause intracellular accumulation of TNF-alpha but instead it reduced the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in HMC-1 cells. Moreover, CMT-3 was found to significantly inhibit the protein kinase C (PKC) activity with IC(50) value of 31 microM. CMT-3 inhibited effectively both human recombinant PKCalpha and PKCdelta isoforms. In comparison to doxycycline, CMT-3 was more effective as an inhibitor of both cytokine production and PKC activity. CONCLUSIONS Considering the central role of PKC in mast cell activation, PKC inhibition could, at least partially, explain the observed inhibitory effects of CMT-3. The inhibition of the key proinflammatory functions of mast cells by CMT-3 suggests its potential clinical usefulness in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sandler
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Juurikivi A, Sandler C, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT, Juutilainen T, Leskinen MJ, Mäki T, Eklund KK. Inhibition of c-kit tyrosine kinase by imatinib mesylate induces apoptosis in mast cells in rheumatoid synovia: a potential approach to the treatment of arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1126-31. [PMID: 16014680 PMCID: PMC1755598 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.029835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis, but elucidation of their precise role has been hampered by a lack of efficient and selective inhibitors of their function. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess whether apoptosis of cultured and synovial tissue mast cells can be induced by inhibiting mast cell growth factor receptor, c-kit tyrosine kinase. METHODS AND RESULTS Double staining with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and tryptase antibodies showed the presence of TNFalpha positive mast cells in human rheumatoid synovial tissue. Selective activation of mast cells by anti-IgE resulted in production of TNFalpha in synovial tissue cultures. Inhibition of the c-kit tyrosine kinase with imatinib mesylate (1.0-10 micromol/l) induced profound apoptosis in cultured mast cells as judged by typical apoptotic morphology, increased number of apoptotic nucleosomes, and activation of caspases 8 and 9. Importantly, imatinib also induced apoptosis of mast cells in explant cultures of synovial tissue obtained from patients with RA as judged by a TUNEL assay. Inhibition of c-kit tyrosine kinase was accompanied by significant reduction of TNFalpha production in synovial tissue cultures. CONCLUSION Mast cells may have a role in the pathogenesis of RA, and inhibition of c-kit may be a new means of inhibiting mast cell activity and of abrogating the contribution of mast cells to synovial inflammation in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Juurikivi
- Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Kasarmikatu 11-13, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lutzker S, Le V, Perez-Young I, Arribas E, Ernst R, Kawashima A, Sandler C. A desktop digital imaging and communications in medicine picture archiving and communications system with multiple monitors using Windows '98. J Digit Imaging 1999; 12:191. [PMID: 10342208 PMCID: PMC3452925 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining DICOM software and internet access using desktops, an accessible and low-cost PACS system is conveniently available to the medical community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lutzker
- Lyndon Baines Johnson General Hospital, Houston, TX 77026, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Invertebrate photoreceptors use the inositol-lipid signaling cascade for phototransduction. A useful approach to dissect this pathway and its regulation has been provided by the isolation of Drosophila visual mutants. We measured extracellular changes of Ca2+ [delta Ca2+]o in Drosophila retina using Ca(2+)-selective microelectrodes in both the transient receptor potential (trp) mutant, in which the calcium permeability of the light-sensitive channels is greatly diminished and in the inactivation-but-no-afterpotential C (inaC) mutant which lacks photoreceptor-specific protein kinase C (PKC). Illumination induced a decrease in extracellular [Ca2+] with kinetics and magnitude that changed with light intensity. Compared to wild-type, the light-induced decrease in [Ca2+]o (the Ca2+ signal) was diminished in trp but significantly enhanced in inaC. The enhanced Ca2+ signal was diminished in the double mutant inaC;trp indicating that the effect of the trp mutation overrides the enhancement observed in the absence of eye-PKC. We suggest that the decrease in [Ca2+]o reflects light-induced Ca2+ influx into the photoreceptors and that the trp mutation blocks a large fraction of this Ca2+ influx, while the absence of eye specific PKC leads to enhancement of light-induced Ca2+ influx. This suggestion was supported by Ca2+ measurements in isolated ommatidia loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Ca Green-5N, which indicated an approximately threefold larger light-induced increase in cellular Ca2+ in inaC relative to WT. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that TRP is a light activated Ca2+ channel and that the increased Ca2+ influx observed in the absence of PKC is mediated mainly via the TRP channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Peretz
- Department of Physiology, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choyke PL, Bush W, Hartman D, King B, Rubin J, Sandler C, Scoutt L. Genitourinary radiology. Radiology 1994; 190:598-603. [PMID: 8284426 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.190.2.8284426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P L Choyke
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Ion-selective calcium microelectrodes were inserted into the compound eyes of the wild-type sheep blowfly Lucilia or into the retina of the no steady state (nss) mutant of Lucilia. These electrodes monitored light-induced changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium (delta[Ca2+]o) together with the extracellularly recorded receptor potential. Prolonged dim lights induced a steady reduction in [Ca2+]o during light in the retina of normal Lucilia, while relatively little change in [Ca2+]o was observed in the retina of the nss mutant. Prolonged intense light induced a multiphasic change in [Ca2+]o: the [Ca2+]o signal became transient, reaching a minimum within 6 s after light onset, and then rose to a nearly steady-state phase below the dark concentration. When lights were turned off, a rapid increase in [Ca2+]o was observed, reaching a peak above the dark level and then declining again to the dark level within 1 min. In analogy to similar studies conduced in the honeybee drone, we suggest that the reduction in [Ca2+]o reflects light-induced Ca2+ influx into the photoreceptors, while the subsequent increase in [Ca2+]o reflects the activation of the Na-Ca exchange which extrudes Ca2+ from the cells. In the nss mutant in response to intense prolonged light, the receptor potential declines to baseline during light while the Ca2+ signal is almost abolished, revealing only a short transient reduction in [Ca2+]o. Application of lanthanum (La3+), but not nickel (Ni2+), into the retinal extracellular space of normal Lucilia mimicked the effect of the nss mutation on the receptor potential, while complete elimination of the Ca2+ signal in a reversible manner was observed. The results suggest that La3+ and the nss mutation inhibit light-induced Ca2+ influex into the photoreceptor in a manner similar to the action of the trp mutation in Drosophila, which has been shown to block specifically a light-activated Ca2+ channel necessary to maintain light excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rom-Glas
- Department of Physiology Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lewis R, Kerr N, Van Buren C, Lowry P, Sandler C, Frazier OH, Powers P, Herson J, Corriere J, Kerman R. Comparative evaluation of urographic contrast media, inulin, and 99mTc-DTPA clearance methods for determination of glomerular filtration rate in clinical transplantation. Transplantation 1989; 48:790-6. [PMID: 2815251 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-198911000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma clearance of inulin (Cin), 99mTc-DTPA (CDTPA), and urographic contrast media (CCM) were determined simultaneously in 31 patients with varying levels of renal function evaluated in the setting of affiliated cardiac and renal transplantation programs. Cin and CDTPA were calculated from the ratio of simultaneously measured plasma concentration and urine excretion rate of these test agents (UxV/P). CCM was derived from x-ray fluorescence measurement of plasma iodine (PI) content following intravenous injection of 50 ml of nonionic, low-osmolar contrast media (180 mg I/ml). Urine collections were not required for CCM determinations. No adverse reactions attributable to CM occurred in any patient, and follow-up serum-creatinine values did not differ significantly from prestudy levels. CCM determined from the rate of decline in PI between 3 hr and 4 hr following administration of contrast media ("slope-intercept" technique) [Ccm-SI] correlated closely with corresponding levels of Cin (r = .86, P less than 0.0001). and CDTPA (r = 0.89, P less than 0.0001). Mean CCM-SI/Cin and CCM-SI/CDTPA ratios for the entire study cohort were 1.09 +/- 0.06 and 1.08 +/- 0.06, respectively. CCM-SI determinations also correlated well with CCM levels derived from a single measurement of PI ("single sample" technique) made at 3 hr following injection of contrast media (r = 0.94, P less than 0.0001). Both CCM-SI and CCM determined by the "single sample" method (CCM-3 degrees SS) tended to overestimate Cin and CDTPA, however, when the latter were less than 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 (mean CCM-SI/Cin and Ccm-3 degrees SS/Cin ratios 1.36 +/- 0.14 and 1.95 +/- 1.0, respectively. Reproducibility was evaluated by paired comparison of 3-hr vs. 4-hr "single sample" CCM determinations (r = 0.99, P less than 0.0001). In addition, analysis of the variation in iodine content between duplicate specimens obtained at each of these time intervals revealed a mean ratio of 1.0 +/- 0.01 (P = NS vs. identity). Contrast clearance determination utilizing the slope-intercept method is accurate, safe, pragmatic, and more precise than serum-creatinine and endogenous-creatinine clearance for measurement of renal function in clinical transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lewis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Busch FW, de Vos S, Flehmig B, Herrmann F, Sandler C, Vallbracht A. Inhibition of in vitro hematopoiesis by hepatitis A virus. Exp Hematol 1987; 15:978-82. [PMID: 2443380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inoculation of human bone marrow with hepatitis A virus (HAV) resulted in a dose- and duration-of-incubation-dependent suppression of hematopoietic progenitor (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-Mix) growth in vitro. Monocytic progenitors appeared to be least affected. While HAV inactivation by heat or beta-propiolactone and neutralization by specific antibodies completely abrogated hematopoietic inhibition, depletion of adherent bone marrow cells, and enrichment of progenitors did not alter the pattern of suppression, which also seemed to be independent of HuIFN-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and TNF. These findings support the concept that direct infection of progenitor cells by HAV may be responsible for hematologic changes commonly seen during early phases of infectious hepatitis and possibly for some cases of bone marrow failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F W Busch
- Med. Univ. Klinik Abt. II, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim EE, Pjura G, Lowry P, Verani R, Sandler C, Flechner S, Kahan B. Cyclosporin-A nephrotoxicity and acute cellular rejection in renal transplant recipients: correlation between radionuclide and histologic findings. Radiology 1986; 159:443-6. [PMID: 3515421 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.159.2.3515421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serial radionuclide studies using both Tc-99m DTPA (perfusion) and I-131 hippuran (tubular function) were correlated with histologic findings in 25 patients with renal transplants. These cases included 15 cases of cyclosporin-A nephrotoxicity (CsA-NT) and ten cases of acute cellular rejection that were retrospectively selected on the basis of biopsy findings and favorable clinical response to therapy specific for each of these conditions. The serial radionuclide studies enabled the correct diagnosis in 12 of 15 cases of CsA-NT and eight of ten cases of acute rejection. Posttherapy radionuclide studies, furthermore, demonstrated improvement consistent with clinical response. In all cases, the radionuclide results were available at least 24 hours before biopsy findings. These results indicate that serial radionuclide studies evaluating interval changes in both perfusion and tubular function are of significant value in the diagnosis and follow-up of CsA-NT and acute cellular rejection in transplant recipients. This initial experience suggests a sensitivity of 80%.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sandler C. 29 December Man-Machine Interactions and Their Implications for Society. Science 1971; 173:1253. [PMID: 17775222 DOI: 10.1126/science.173.4003.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|