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Aeschlimann L, Kehl A, Guscetti F, Posthaus C, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Rottenberg S, de Brot S. Effective detection of BRAF V595E mutation in canine urothelial and prostate carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:295-302. [PMID: 38659202 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) and prostate carcinoma (PC) frequently exhibit the BRAFV595E mutation, akin to the BRAFV600E mutation common in various human cancers. Since the initial discovery of the BRAF mutation in canine cancers in 2015, PCR has been the standard method for its detection in both liquid and tissue biopsies. Considering the similarity between the canine BRAFV595E and human BRAFV600E mutations, we hypothesized that immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BRAFV600E-specific antibody could effectively identify the canine mutant BRAFV595E protein. We tested 122 canine UC (bladder n = 108, urethra n = 14), 21 PC, and benign tissue using IHC and performed digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) on all 122 UC and on 14 IHC positive PC cases. The results from ddPCR and IHC were concordant in 99% (135/136) of the tumours. Using IHC, BRAFV595E was detected in 72/122 (59%) UC and 14/21 (65%) PC. Staining of all benign bladder and prostate tissues was negative. If present, mutant BRAF staining was homogenous, with rare intratumour heterogeneity in three (4%) cases of UC. Additionally, the BRAFV595E mutation was more prevalent in tumours with urothelial morphology, and less common in glandular PC or UC with divergent differentiation. This study establishes that BRAFV600-specific IHC is a reliable and accurate method for detecting the mutant BRAFV595E protein in canine UC and PC. Moreover, the use of IHC, especially with tissue microarrays, provides a cost-efficient test for large-scale screening of canine cancers for the presence of BRAF mutations. This advancement paves the way for further research to define the prognostic and predictive role of this tumour marker in dogs and use IHC to stratify dogs for the treatment with BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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Küchler L, Posthaus C, Jäger K, Guscetti F, van der Weyden L, von Bomhard W, Schmidt JM, Farra D, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Kehl A, Rottenberg S, de Brot S. Artificial Intelligence to Predict the BRAF V595E Mutation in Canine Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinomas. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2404. [PMID: 37570213 PMCID: PMC10416820 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In dogs, the BRAF mutation (V595E) is common in bladder and prostate cancer and represents a specific diagnostic marker. Recent advantages in artificial intelligence (AI) offer new opportunities in the field of tumour marker detection. While AI histology studies have been conducted in humans to detect BRAF mutation in cancer, comparable studies in animals are lacking. In this study, we used commercially available AI histology software to predict BRAF mutation in whole slide images (WSI) of bladder urothelial carcinomas (UC) stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), based on a training (n = 81) and a validation set (n = 96). Among 96 WSI, 57 showed identical PCR and AI-based BRAF predictions, resulting in a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 63%. The sensitivity increased substantially to 89% when excluding small or poor-quality tissue sections. Test reliability depended on tumour differentiation (p < 0.01), presence of inflammation (p < 0.01), slide quality (p < 0.02) and sample size (p < 0.02). Based on a small subset of cases with available adjacent non-neoplastic urothelium, AI was able to distinguish malignant from benign epithelium. This is the first study to demonstrate the use of AI histology to predict BRAF mutation status in canine UC. Despite certain limitations, the results highlight the potential of AI in predicting molecular alterations in routine tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Küchler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Caroline Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Kathrin Jäger
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (K.J.); (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | | | | | | | - Dima Farra
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (K.J.); (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (K.J.); (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.P.); (S.R.)
- COMPATH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.P.); (S.R.)
- COMPATH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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