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Inyang NA, Loomis BR, Nagler CF, Coats EM, Saba C, Saunders M, Liu ST. Receipt and use of prohibited free samples of tobacco products among US adults who use cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco, 2020. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057779. [PMID: 37652675 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the USA, tobacco product free samples (FS) are prohibited, except for smokeless tobacco samples distributed under certain conditions in qualified adult-only facilities. We examined prevalence and frequency of FS receipt among adults who use tobacco, channels of FS distribution and the potential effect of FS use on subsequent product purchase. METHODS From 15 April through 12 July 2020, a total of 1989 adult participants in the National Panel of Tobacco Consumer Studies completed a mixed-mode survey on receipt and use of FS of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes and hookah tobacco. We estimated weighted proportions, population totals and 95% CIs. We used χ2 tests to assess differences between FS recipients and non-recipients. RESULTS An estimated 11.0% of US adults who use tobacco received an FS in 2020. Similar proportions received FS of cigarettes (3.8%), cigars (3.3%), smokeless tobacco (3.2%) and e-cigarettes (2.7%). Approximately 60.0% of FS recipients used it, and 68.1% of those who used FS said they were likely to purchase the product. More than half (54.2%) received FS on two or more occasions in the past 12 months, most commonly at retail outlets and tobacco specialty stores. CONCLUSIONS While prevalence of adults who use tobacco receiving FS is relatively low, findings indicate that FS distribution continues to occur for cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes, though in-person FS of smokeless tobacco may be legally distributed under certain conditions in qualified adult-only facilities. Findings suggest that FS are often used by recipients, which can affect future purchase decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naa A Inyang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Brett R Loomis
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caryn F Nagler
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen M Coats
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine Saba
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - McKinley Saunders
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sherry T Liu
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Liu ST, Loomis BR, Kinsey SH, Nagler CF, Chen P, Sukasih A, Engstrom MC, Choiniere CJ. Development of a panel of U.S. adult tobacco users to inform tobacco regulatory science. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101898. [PMID: 35845822 PMCID: PMC9284368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FDA developed the TCS Panel to field tobacco regulatory research studies. TCS Panel is a rigorous probability-based panel of ∼4,000 U.S. adult tobacco users. TCS Panel represents a spectrum of U.S. cigarette, cigar, and smokeless users. Comparisons with NHIS suggest lack of systematic bias in estimates from TCS Panel. Panels can be a feasible method for conducting tobacco regulatory science research.
The National Panel of Tobacco Consumer Studies (TCS Panel) is a probability-based panel of about 4,000 U.S. adult cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco users developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Tobacco Products to conduct observational and experimental studies to inform tobacco regulatory activities. This paper describes the methods and characteristics of the current panel. The TCS Panel employed a stratified 4-stage sample design and in-person screening of U.S. sampled households. Selected eligible adults participated in an enrollment interview and completed a baseline survey assessing tobacco use behaviors to enroll in the Panel; 3,893 individuals were enrolled from September 2016–August 2017. Replenishment occurred from July 2019–December 2019 with 2,260 new members, for a current panel of 3,929 members. Demographic and tobacco use characteristics of the current panel were analyzed in 2020. Most demographic characteristics of the TCS Panel are similar to those of U.S. tobacco users in the 2018 National Health Interview Survey, suggesting a lack of systematic bias in the Panel. Small, but statistically significant, differences were observed in the proportion of 18- to 25-year-olds; high school diploma and bachelor’s degree/higher; never married and married (p < 0.05 for all). The TCS Panel appears to be representative of U.S. cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco users; such panels can be a feasible method for conducting tobacco regulatory science research. The TCS Panel has been used to field studies examining purchasing behaviors, receipt and use of free samples/coupons, and the impact of a hypothetical tobacco product standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry T. Liu
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Brett R. Loomis
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Susan H. Kinsey
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Caryn F. Nagler
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Patrick Chen
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Amang Sukasih
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Martha C. Engstrom
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Conrad J. Choiniere
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Schlenger WE, Mulvaney-Day N, Williams CS, Kulka RA, Corry NH, Mauch D, Nagler CF, Ho CL, Marmar CR. PTSD and Use of Outpatient General Medical Services Among Veterans of the Vietnam War. Psychiatr Serv 2016; 67:543-50. [PMID: 26725289 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this analysis was to assess whether recent use of outpatient services for general medical concerns by Vietnam veterans varies according to level of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology over time. Another goal was to determine whether PTSD symptomatology was associated with veterans' reports of discussing behavioral health issues as part of a general medical visit. METHODS Self-reported service use data and measures of PTSD were from a nationally representative sample of 848 male and female Vietnam theater veterans (individuals who were deployed to the Vietnam theater of operations) who participated in the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study, a 25-year follow-up of a cohort of veterans originally interviewed from 1984-1988 as part of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Four categories of PTSD symptomatology course over 25 years were defined, and logistic regression models were used to assess their relationship with recent use of outpatient general medical services. RESULTS Male and female theater veterans with high or increasing PTSD symptomatology over the period were more likely than those with low symptomatology to report recent VA outpatient visits. Males in the increasing and high categories were also more likely to discuss behavioral health issues at general medical visits. CONCLUSIONS Vietnam veterans with high and increasing PTSD symptomatology over time were likely to use VA outpatient general health services. Attention to stressors of the aging process and to persistence of PTSD symptoms is important for Vietnam veterans, as is addressing PTSD with other psychiatric and medical comorbidities within the context of outpatient general medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Schlenger
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Norah Mulvaney-Day
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Christianna S Williams
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Richard A Kulka
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Nida H Corry
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Danna Mauch
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Caryn F Nagler
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Chia-Lin Ho
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Dr. Schlenger, Dr. Williams, and Dr. Corry are with Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina, where Dr. Ho was affiliated when this work was done. Dr. Ho is now with the Department of Business Administration, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. When this work was done, Dr. Mulvaney-Day and Dr. Mauch were with Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mulvaney-Day is now with Truven Health Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Mauch is now with the Massachusetts Association for Mental Health, Boston. Dr. Kulka is an independent consultant in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ms. Nagler is with Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Marmar is with Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City. Send correspondence to Dr. Mulvaney-Day (e-mail: )
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