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Ohki CMY, Benazzato C, van der Linden V, França JV, Toledo CM, Machado RRG, Araujo DB, Oliveira DBL, Neris RS, Assunção-Miranda I, de Oliveira Souza IN, Nogueira CO, Leite PEC, van der Linden H, Figueiredo CP, Durigon EL, Clarke JR, Russo FB, Beltrão-Braga PCB. Zika virus infection impairs synaptogenesis, induces neuroinflammation, and could be an environmental risk factor for autism spectrum disorder outcome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167097. [PMID: 38408544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was first associated with Central Nervous System (CNS) infections in Brazil in 2015, correlated with an increased number of newborns with microcephaly, which ended up characterizing the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Here, we investigated the impact of ZIKV infection on the functionality of iPSC-derived astrocytes. Besides, we extrapolated our findings to a Brazilian cohort of 136 CZS children and validated our results using a mouse model. Interestingly, ZIKV infection in neuroprogenitor cells compromises cell migration and causes apoptosis but does not interfere in astrocyte generation. Moreover, infected astrocytes lost their ability to uptake glutamate while expressing more glutamate transporters and secreted higher levels of IL-6. Besides, infected astrocytes secreted factors that impaired neuronal synaptogenesis. Since these biological endophenotypes were already related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we extrapolated these results to a cohort of children, now 6-7 years old, and found seven children with ASD diagnosis (5.14 %). Additionally, mice infected by ZIKV revealed autistic-like behaviors, with a significant increase of IL-6 mRNA levels in the brain. Considering these evidence, we inferred that ZIKV infection during pregnancy might lead to synaptogenesis impairment and neuroinflammation, which could increase the risk for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecília Benazzato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julia V França
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen M Toledo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Romulo S Neris
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Clara O Nogueira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Corrêa Leite
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Polonio CM, da Silva P, Russo FB, Hyppolito BRN, Zanluqui NG, Benazzato C, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Muxel SM, Peron JPS. microRNAs Control Antiviral Immune Response, Cell Death and Chemotaxis Pathways in Human Neuronal Precursor Cells (NPCs) during Zika Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810282. [PMID: 36142200 PMCID: PMC9499039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have always been a serious burden to public health, increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti vector and the causative agent of severe fetal neuropathogenesis and microcephaly. The virus crosses the placenta and reaches the fetal brain, mainly causing the death of neuronal precursor cells (NPCs), glial inflammation, and subsequent tissue damage. Genetic differences, mainly related to the antiviral immune response and cell death pathways greatly influence the susceptibility to infection. These components are modulated by many factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptionally the overall gene expression, including genes for the neurodevelopment and the formation of neural circuits. In this context, we investigated the pathways and target genes of miRNAs modulated in NPCs infected with ZIKV. We observed downregulation of miR-302b, miR-302c and miR-194, whereas miR-30c was upregulated in ZIKV infected human NPCs in vitro. The analysis of a public dataset of ZIKV-infected human NPCs evidenced 262 upregulated and 3 downregulated genes, of which 142 were the target of the aforementioned miRNAs. Further, we confirmed a correlation between miRNA and target genes affecting pathways related to antiviral immune response, cell death and immune cells chemotaxis, all of which could contribute to the establishment of microcephaly and brain lesions. Here, we suggest that miRNAs target gene expression in infected NPCs, directly contributing to the pathogenesis of fetal microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M. Polonio
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patrick da Silva
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiele B. Russo
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Disease Modeling Laboratory at Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Brendo R. N. Hyppolito
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nagela G. Zanluqui
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cecília Benazzato
- Disease Modeling Laboratory at Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C. B. Beltrão-Braga
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Disease Modeling Laboratory at Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M. Muxel
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (J.P.S.P.)
| | - Jean Pierre S. Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (J.P.S.P.)
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