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Lebon C, Neubauer H, Berdugo M, Delaunay K, Markert E, Becker K, Baum-Kroker KS, Prestle J, Fuchs H, Bakker RA, Behar-Cohen F. Evaluation of an Intravitreal Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor Depot Formulation in a Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081105. [PMID: 34452066 PMCID: PMC8401380 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) activation was shown to contribute to microvascular closure, retinal hypoxia, and to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) barrier disruption in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy. Fasudil, a clinically approved ROCK inhibitor, improved retinal perfusion and reduced edema in this model, indicating that ROCK inhibition could be a promising new therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. However, due to its short intravitreal half-life, fasudil is not suitable for long-term treatment. In this study, we evaluated a very potent ROCK1/2 inhibitor (BIRKI) in a depot formulation administered as a single intravitreal injection providing a slow release for at least four weeks. Following BIRKI intravitreal injection in old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats, we observed a significant reduction in ROCK1 activity in the retinal pigment epithelium/choroid complex after 8 days and relocation of ROCK1 to the cytoplasm and nucleus in retinal pigment epithelium cells after 28 days. The chronic ROCK inhibition by the BIRKI depot formulation restored retinal pigment epithelial cell morphology and distribution, favored retinal capillaries dilation, and reduced hypoxia and inner blood barrier leakage observed in the diabetic retina. No functional or morphological negative effects were observed, indicating suitable tolerability of BIRKI after intravitreous injection. In conclusion, our data suggest that sustained ROCK inhibition, provided by BIRKI slow-release formulation, could be a valuable treatment option for diabetic retinopathy, especially with regard to the improvement of retinal vascular infusion and protection of the outer retinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Lebon
- Team 17: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Heike Neubauer
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany; (H.N.); (J.P.); (H.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Marianne Berdugo
- Team 17: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Kimberley Delaunay
- Team 17: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Elke Markert
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany; (E.M.); (K.B.)
| | - Kolja Becker
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany; (E.M.); (K.B.)
| | - Katja S. Baum-Kroker
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Prestle
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany; (H.N.); (J.P.); (H.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Holger Fuchs
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany; (H.N.); (J.P.); (H.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Remko A. Bakker
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach, Germany; (H.N.); (J.P.); (H.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Team 17: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (C.L.); (M.B.); (K.D.)
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Ophthalmopole, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Jaadane I, Villalpando Rodriguez G, Boulenguez P, Carré S, Dassieni I, Lebon C, Chahory S, Behar-Cohen F, Martinsons C, Torriglia A. Retinal phototoxicity and the evaluation of the blue light hazard of a new solid-state lighting technology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6733. [PMID: 32317708 PMCID: PMC7174369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure Limit Values (ELV) for artificial lighting were defined in order to prevent light-induced damage to the retina. The evaluation of the lighting devices include the correction of their spectra by the B(λ) function or blue light hazard function, representing the relative spectral sensitivity of the human eye to the blue light. This weighting function peaks between 435 and 440 nm. In this study we evaluate a new generation of light emitting diode (LED), the GaN-on-GaN (gallium nitride on gallium nitride) LED, that present an emission peak in the purple part of the spectrum. Wistar rats were exposed to GaN-on-GaN and conventional diodes at different retinal doses (from 2.2 to 0.5 J/cm2). We show that GaN-on-GaN diodes are more toxic than conventional LED for the rat neural retina and the rat retinal pigment epithelium, indicating that the BLH (blue light hazard) weighting is not adapted to this type of diodes. One of the reasons of this increased toxicity is the effects of shorter wavelengths on mitochondria polarization. We also show that the threshold of phototoxic retinal dose in the rat (fixed at 11 J/cm2, BLH weighted) is overestimated, suggesting that the values used for regulations, calculated in primates using the same methods than in rats, should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Jaadane
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- ENVA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'ophtalmologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gloria Villalpando Rodriguez
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boulenguez
- CSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Division Eclairage et électromagnétisme, Saint Martin d'Heres, France
| | - Samuel Carré
- CSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Division Eclairage et électromagnétisme, Saint Martin d'Heres, France
| | - Irene Dassieni
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Lebon
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Chahory
- ENVA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'ophtalmologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Martinsons
- CSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Division Eclairage et électromagnétisme, Saint Martin d'Heres, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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Lebon C, Behar-Cohen F, Torriglia A. Corrigendum to "Cell Death Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 7" [Neuroscience 400C (2019) 72-84]. Neuroscience 2019; 404:558-564. [PMID: 30825441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Lebon
- Inserm U1138. Centre des Recherches des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 78006, Paris, France; Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, France; Universite´ Paris Descartes, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Inserm U1138. Centre des Recherches des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 78006, Paris, France; Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, France; Universite´ Paris Descartes, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Inserm U1138. Centre des Recherches des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 78006, Paris, France; Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, France; Universite´ Paris Descartes, France.
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Lebon C, Behar-Cohen F, Torriglia A. Cell Death Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 7. Neuroscience 2019; 400:72-84. [PMID: 30625334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spino-cerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a polyglutamine (polyQ) disorder characterized by neurodegeneration of the brain, cerebellum, and retina caused by a polyglutamine expansion in ataxin7. The presence of an expanded polyQ tract in a mutant protein is known to induce protein aggregation, cellular stress, toxicity, and finally cell death. However, the consequences of the presence of mutant ataxin7 in the retina and the mechanisms underlying photoreceptor degeneration remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that in a retinal SCA7 mouse model, polyQ ataxin7 induces stress within the retina and activates Muller cells. Moreover, unfolded protein response and autophagy are activated in SCA7 photoreceptors. We have also shown that the photoreceptor death does not involve a caspase-dependent apoptosis but instead involves apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitor (LEI/L-DNase II). When these two cell death effectors are downregulated by their siRNA, a significant reduction in photoreceptor death is observed. These results highlight the consequences of polyQ protein expression in the retina and the role of caspase-independent pathways involved in photoreceptor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Lebon
- Inserm U1138. Centre des Recherches des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 78006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France; Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Inserm U1138. Centre des Recherches des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 78006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France; Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Inserm U1138. Centre des Recherches des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 78006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France; Université Paris Descartes, France.
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Lebon C, Rodriguez GV, Zaoui IE, Jaadane I, Behar-Cohen F, Torriglia A. On the use of an appropriate TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay to identify apoptotic cells. Anal Biochem 2015; 480:37-41. [PMID: 25862087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential cellular mechanism involved in many processes such as embryogenesis, metamorphosis, and tissue homeostasis. DNA fragmentation is one of the key markers of this form of cell death. DNA fragmentation is executed by endogenous endonucleases such as caspase-activated DNase (CAD) in caspase-dependent apoptosis. The TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) technique is the most widely used method to identify apoptotic cells in a tissue or culture and to assess drug toxicity. It is based on the detection of 3'-OH termini that are labeled with dUTP by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Although the test is very reliable and sensitive in caspase-dependent apoptosis, it is completely useless when cell death is mediated by pathways involving DNA degradation that generates 3'-P ends as in the LEI/L-DNase II pathway. Here, we propose a modification in the TUNEL protocol consisting of a dephosphorylation step prior to the TUNEL labeling. This allows the detection of both types of DNA breaks induced during apoptosis caspase-dependent and independent pathways, avoiding underestimating the cell death induced by the treatment of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Lebon
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gloria Villalpando Rodriguez
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ikram El Zaoui
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Imene Jaadane
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
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Buffat C, Patrat C, Merlet F, Guibert J, Epelboin S, Thiounn N, Vieillefond A, Adda-Lievin A, Lebon C, Jouannet P. ICSI outcomes in obstructive azoospermia: influence of the origin of surgically retrieved spermatozoa and the cause of obstruction. Hum Reprod 2005; 21:1018-24. [PMID: 16361290 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatozoa can be retrieved from the testis and epididymis of men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) and used for ICSI. However, it is unknown whether the outcome of ICSI depends on the cause of obstruction or the origin of surgically retrieved spermatozoa. METHODS A cohort of 171 men with OA and normal spermatogenesis were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into three groups according to the site and origin of obstruction: 83 men had congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens; 55 and 33 had acquired epididymal and deferent duct obstructions, respectively. The outcome of 368 ICSI cycles was determined and compared according to the origin of spermatozoa: epididymal (n = 253) or testicular (n = 115). RESULTS Fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates did not differ between spermatozoa of different origin (58.9% versus 51.9% and 22.1% versus 24.3% with epididymal and testicular spermatozoa, respectively). However, the miscarriage rate was significantly higher for testicular spermatozoa (35.7% versus. 12.5% P < 0.05, chi2 test). Findings were similar whatever the aetiology of the OA. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the use of testicular spermatozoa, even those generated during normal spermatogenesis, alters embryonic development and that epididymal spermatozoa should be preferentially used, irrespective of the aetiology of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buffat
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction; CECOS, Hôpital Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul, Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris V, Paris, France
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Malghem J, Vande berg BC, Lebon C, Lecouvet FE, Maldague BE. Ganglion cysts of the knee: articular communication revealed by delayed radiography and CT after arthrography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1579-83. [PMID: 9609177 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.170.6.9609177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of ganglion cysts of articular origin may sometimes be uncertain when communication with the joint is not evident. Because we have observed that opacification of ganglion cysts revealed by arthrography can be significantly delayed, the purpose of this study was to determine retrospectively in 20 cases the time delay needed to show with arthrography a communication between the articular cavity and ganglion cysts of the knee. CONCLUSION Arthrographic evidence of a communication between the articular cavity of the knee and communicating ganglion cysts requires delayed radiography performed at least 1 hr after intraarticular injection of contrast material. The best results are obtained with additional CT performed 1-2 hr after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malghem
- Department of Radiology, Louvain University, St-Luc Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Baudrez V, Malghem J, Van de Berg B, Lebon C, Lecouvet F, Maldague B. [Ultrasonography of dorsal elastofibroma. Apropos of 6 cases]. J Radiol 1998; 79:549-51. [PMID: 9757282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastofibroma dorsi is a benign soft-tissue tumor. Its sub- and pre-scapular location and its appearance on CT and MRI generally lead to the diagnosis. We have analyzed with sonography 6 elastofibromas in 4 patients; the diagnosis was confirmed with CT scan or MRI. Some sonography imaging features supported the diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi. In all the cases, (1) the tumor occurred typically in a sub- and pre-scapular location, and (2) showed a streaky echostructure (3). A similar symptomatic or asymptomatic mass in the opposite subscapular location is highly suggestive.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Baudrez
- Département d'imagerie-médicale, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
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Malghem J, Mosseray A, Vande Berg B, Lebon C, Maldague B. [Radiologic aspects of the loosening of cemented hip prostheses: mechanical, septic or granulomatous etiology?]. J Belge Radiol 1997; 80:173-84. [PMID: 9410868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiologic diagnosis of hip prosthesis loosening is based on the evaluation of each component (prosthesis, cement, bone) and of their interfaces. Both the prosthesis and the cement may deteriorate and the prosthesis/cement interface or cement/bone interface may become abnormal in prosthesis loosening of any etiology. In contrast, the aspect of the bone changes (erosion, periostitis) and their distribution vary according to the condition etiology. It appears from a retrospective study of 50 cases of chronic hip prosthesis loosening that the most specific signs for infection are unsharp bone resorption and acute-like or multifocal periostitis. In granulomatous loosening, bone resorption is sharp (as in mechanical loosening), but its distribution is not conform to the prosthesis shape (as in septic loosening), and periosteal changes are not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malghem
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Département d'Imagérie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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