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Carels N, Sgariglia D, Junior MGV, Lima CR, Carneiro FRG, da Silva GF, da Silva FAB, Scardini R, Tuszynski JA, de Andrade CV, Monteiro AC, Martins MG, da Silva TG, Ferraz H, Finotelli PV, Balbino TA, Pinto JC. A Strategy Utilizing Protein-Protein Interaction Hubs for the Treatment of Cancer Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16098. [PMID: 38003288 PMCID: PMC10671768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a strategy for the development of a rational approach of neoplastic disease therapy based on the demonstration that scale-free networks are susceptible to specific attacks directed against its connective hubs. This strategy involves the (i) selection of up-regulated hubs of connectivity in the tumors interactome, (ii) drug repurposing of these hubs, (iii) RNA silencing of non-druggable hubs, (iv) in vitro hub validation, (v) tumor-on-a-chip, (vi) in vivo validation, and (vii) clinical trial. Hubs are protein targets that are assessed as targets for rational therapy of cancer in the context of personalized oncology. We confirmed the existence of a negative correlation between malignant cell aggressivity and the target number needed for specific drugs or RNA interference (RNAi) to maximize the benefit to the patient's overall survival. Interestingly, we found that some additional proteins not generally targeted by drug treatments might justify the addition of inhibitors designed against them in order to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, many proteins are not druggable, or the available pharmacopeia for these targets is limited, which justifies a therapy based on encapsulated RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Carels
- Platform of Biological System Modeling, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (C.R.L.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Domenico Sgariglia
- Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Marcos Guilherme Vieira Junior
- Computational Modeling of Biological Systems, Scientific Computing Program (PROCC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil or (M.G.V.J.); (F.A.B.d.S.)
| | - Carlyle Ribeiro Lima
- Platform of Biological System Modeling, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (C.R.L.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Flávia Raquel Gonçalves Carneiro
- Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (F.R.G.C.); (R.S.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Ferreira da Silva
- Platform of Biological System Modeling, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (C.R.L.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio Alves Barbosa da Silva
- Computational Modeling of Biological Systems, Scientific Computing Program (PROCC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil or (M.G.V.J.); (F.A.B.d.S.)
| | - Rafaela Scardini
- Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (F.R.G.C.); (R.S.)
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-255, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jack Adam Tuszynski
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory of Osteo and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro 24210-201, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Guimarães Martins
- Chemical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (T.G.d.S.); (H.F.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Talita Goulart da Silva
- Chemical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (T.G.d.S.); (H.F.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Helen Ferraz
- Chemical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (T.G.d.S.); (H.F.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Priscilla Vanessa Finotelli
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Biofuncional, Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Tiago Albertini Balbino
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil;
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Chemical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (T.G.d.S.); (H.F.); (J.C.P.)
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Azzi PA, Bastos Russomano F, de Andrade CV, de Camargo MJ, Moskovics Jordão P. Frequency of post-treatment disease after excisional procedure in stage IA1 squamous cervical carcinoma - a case series. Women Health 2023; 63:747-755. [PMID: 37779317 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2023.2264398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Early stages of cervical cancer in young women need conservative treatments. Electrosurgical therapies (LLETZ, LEEP, SWETZ, NETZ) have been recommended for these women. However, there are recommendations to perform a second excision when the specimen margins are not free of disease. This can lead to some important complications. This article aims to verify the frequency of residual invasive or microinvasive disease after the excisional procedure in women with IA1CC. Data on women with IA1CC diagnosed between 1990 and 2022, were retrieved from medical records. Post-treatment disease was detected during a second surgical procedure or postoperative follow-up. Among the 69 included women, three (4.3 percent; CI95 percent 0-9.2) had residual microinvasive lesions, while none showed invasive disease during a second procedure or follow-up. Only the age of 37 years or more was significantly related to the presence of preinvasive or microinvasive residual lesions. Nearly 80 percent of the women who underwent a second procedure showed no residual lesions. The absence of invasive disease in a second procedure or during the follow-up of these women and the large proportion of women with no residual lesion questions the need for a new surgical procedure even when the surgical margins of the initial specimen are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Abreu Azzi
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Bastos Russomano
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- Laboratory of Pathology and Cytopathology, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria José de Camargo
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Moskovics Jordão
- Women's Health Care Area, Colposcopy Unit, Institute of Woman, Child and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nuovo G, Nicol A, de Andrade CV, Magro C. New biomarkers of human papillomavirus infection in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:81-87. [PMID: 31075668 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cause of epidermodysplasia verruciformis is infection by human papillomavirus, usually types 5 or 8, and it exhibits a high potential for malignant transformation. The diagnostic histologic features of epidermodysplasia verruciformis are not always present and can be mimicked by non-viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to interrogate such lesions for new potential biomarkers to aid in the diagnostic accuracy. HPV DNA was high copy and localized to the upper half of the lesion in cells with cytologic features that included perinuclear halos, blue-grey cytoplasm, and hyper/parakeratosis. Serial section analyses demonstrated that there was increased expression of importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, p16, Ki67 and PDL1 in 13/13 epidermodysplasia verruciformis lesions. Each of these proteins localized primarily to the less differentiated cells in the parabasal aspect of the lesion. Only Ki67 and exportin-5 were expressed in the normal epithelia, though much less so, in 13/13 aged matched controls. It is concluded that the host response to HPV 5/8 infection in epidermodysplasia verruciformis includes the up regulation of several proteins including p16, Ki67, importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and PDL1. Thus, these proteins may serve as new biomarkers of this disease that can aid in cases that are equivocal for epidermodysplasia verruciformis on histologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Phylogeny Medical Laboratory, Powell, OH, United States of America.
| | - Alcina Nicol
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fiocruz National Institute of Women's, Children and Adolescent's Health Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nicol AF, de Andrade CV, Gomes SC, Brusadelli MG, Lodin HM, Wells SI, Nuovo GJ. The distribution of novel biomarkers in carcinoma-in-situ, microinvasive, and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 38:115-122. [PMID: 30579259 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Importin-β, exportin-5, p16, Ki-67, Mcl1, PDL1, and cFLIP are each over-expressed in the majority of CIN 1 lesions. These biomarkers, plus HPV E6/E7 RNA, were analyzed in carcinoma-in-situ (CIS), microinvasive, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix and cervical carcinoma cell lines. Only p16 and Ki-67 continued to be over-expressed in CIS, with a concomitant marked increase in E6/E7 RNA. There was a highly significant increase in PDL1 expression and decrease in Ki-67 (each p < 0.001) in microinvasive cancer compared to CIS whereas p16 and E6/E7 remained stable. As the lesion progressed to SCC, p16 and E6/E7 RNA remained strongly overexpressed with a concomitant over expression of importin-β and Ki67. HPV positive Caski cells showed significant elevations of p16, importin-β, exportin-5 and PDL1 compared to the HPV negative cervical cancer cell line C33A, consistent with viral induction of these biomarkers. The data suggest that PDL1 may be a useful biomarker to differentiate CIS from microinvasive cancer and, thus, anti-PDL1 therapy may inhibit the progression of CIS to the invasive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcina F Nicol
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas - INI-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- National Institute of Health of Women, Children, and Adolescents, Fernandes Figueira - IFF-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Saint Clair Gomes
- National Institute of Health of Women, Children, and Adolescents, Fernandes Figueira - IFF-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marion G Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah M Lodin
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Phylogeny Inc, Powell, OH, USA.
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Nuovo GJ, de Andrade CV, Wells SI, Brusadelli M, Nicol AF. New biomarkers of human papillomavirus infection in acute cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 36:21-27. [PMID: 29966832 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN) is marked by high copy episomal viral DNA and L1/L2 capsid protein expression (productive infection) in the cells towards the surface that facilitate sexual viral transmission. Viral DNA is low copy and not associated with viral capsid protein expression in the less differentiated lower part of the CIN (nonproductive infection). The purpose of this study was to examine the host response in these two areas. Serial section and co-localization analyses demonstrated that in 29/33 (88%) of cases the NF-κB pathway was activated and localized to the suprabasal nonproductively infected cells in the CIN lesions. There was a concomitant increased expression of importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, p16, Ki67 and cFLIP in 32/33 (96%) of CIN lesions that likewise localized primarily to the nonproductively infected cells. Only Ki67 and exportin-5 were expressed, though much less so, in the adjacent, normal squamous epithelia. The viral proteins E1^E4 and L1 were localized to productively infected cells whereas E6/E7 protein/RNA was rarely present in early CIN. It is concluded that the host viral response to acute cervical HPV infection includes strong increased expression of proteins besides p16 and Ki67. These include importin-β, exportin-5, Mcl1, and cFLIP in cells with low copy and relatively quiescent viral DNA that, in turn, may serve as new biomarkers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Nuovo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Phylogeny Laboratory, Powell, OH, United States of America.
| | - Cecilia Vianna de Andrade
- National Institute of Health of Women, Children, and Adolescents, Fernandes Figueira - IFF-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States of America; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Marion Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States of America; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Alcina F Nicol
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas - INI-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gonçalves JE, Andrade CVD, Russomano FB, Nuovo GJ, Amaro-Filho SM, Carvalho MOO, Nicol AF. The role of p16 as putative biomarker for cervical neoplasia: A controversial
issue? Medical Express 2017. [DOI: 10.5935/medicalexpress.2017.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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