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Harris SC, Devendran S, Méndez- García C, Mythen SM, Wright CL, Fields CJ, Hernandez AG, Cann I, Hylemon PB, Ridlon JM. Bile acid oxidation by Eggerthella lenta strains C592 and DSM 2243 T. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:523-539. [PMID: 29617190 PMCID: PMC6287680 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1458180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of Eggerthella lenta are capable of oxidation-reduction reactions capable of oxidizing and epimerizing bile acid hydroxyl groups. Several genes encoding these enzymes, known as hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) have yet to be identified. It is also uncertain whether the products of E. lenta bile acid metabolism are further metabolized by other members of the gut microbiota. We characterized a novel human fecal isolate identified as E. lenta strain C592. The complete genome of E. lenta strain C592 was sequenced and comparative genomics with the type strain (DSM 2243) revealed high conservation, but some notable differences. E. lenta strain C592 falls into group III, possessing 3α, 3β, 7α, and 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH) activity, as determined by mass spectrometry of thin layer chromatography (TLC) separated metabolites of primary and secondary bile acids. Incubation of E. lenta oxo-bile acid and iso-bile acid metabolites with whole-cells of the high-activity bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacterium, Clostridium scindens VPI 12708, resulted in minimal conversion of oxo-derivatives to lithocholic acid (LCA). Further, Iso-chenodeoxycholic acid (iso-CDCA; 3β,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) was not metabolized by C. scindens. We then located a gene encoding a novel 12α-HSDH in E. lenta DSM 2243, also encoded by strain C592, and the recombinant purified enzyme was characterized and substrate-specificity determined. Genomic analysis revealed genes encoding an Rnf complex (rnfABCDEG), an energy conserving hydrogenase (echABCDEF) complex, as well as what appears to be a complete Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Our prediction that by changing the gas atmosphere from nitrogen to hydrogen, bile acid oxidation would be inhibited, was confirmed. These results suggest that E. lenta is an important bile acid metabolizing gut microbe and that the gas atmosphere may be an important and overlooked regulator of bile acid metabolism in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C. Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,McGuire Veterans Affairs, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Sean M. Mythen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chris L. Wright
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Fields
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isaac Cann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,McGuire Veterans Affairs, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason M. Ridlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,CONTACT Jason M. Ridlon Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
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Cózar A, Ferrati R, García CM, Gálvez JA, Rossi C. Human-threatened ecosystem: new signs of groundwater connection between Yacyreta reservoir and Ibera wetland (South America). Sci Total Environ 2005; 337:281-286. [PMID: 15626397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ibera wetland is one of the most pristine and singular ecosystems of South America. Satellite-derived thermal analysis of its lacustrine system supported the existence of a groundwater connection with the Yacyreta reservoir through basaltic fractures located along the ancient river bed of the Parana. The groundwater outflow would be located on the geological discontinuity of the eastern border of Ibera wetland, concretely Laguna Ibera and Laguna Luna-Disparo. This new sign of connection comes on top of the hydrological signs which already exist. A call to prudence recommends not extending the recently projected increase of the water level of Yacyreta reservoir. Deeper hydrogeological studies should analyze the hypothesis emerged from this study before modifying the water level of Yacyreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cózar
- Area de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro. 11510-Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain.
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Hernando SV, Rodríguez M, Ayala SJA, Costa GF, Chumilla VMA, García CM, Jiménez FJM, Lorente GS, Navarro GF, Orihuela CC, Ortuño MMP, Pelegrín LB. Montelukast in early childhood asthma. Predict value of IgG in clinical reply in children 2 to 5 years old? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2004; 32:204-11. [PMID: 15324650 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(04)79240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to current knowledge, asthma is basically an inflammatory process. Its causes and physiopathological mechanisms are various. The final result is a recurrent obstructive bronchial process, with sibilants and/or dypnea, which causes an upset in functional respiratory tests, among which the maximum respiratory peak flow meter diminished for the age, sex, and height of patient. AIMS Our aim is to evaluate if response to treatment with Montelukast has any link with immnuloglobin values (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE) at start of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Included in the study were 32 children, of whom 2 did not begin and 1 who did not provide personal data. There were 29 patients in total, 11 girls and 18 boys. Each made three visits: first where they were instructed, together with their parents, in how to manage the meter and where they received the peak flow meter, Vitalograph, and personal data sheet, where personal and family medical history were noted. The second visit was after 4 weeks, for a clinical assessment and the third visit after 8 weeks. The value register of the PEF would be made morning and night, noting the highest value of three measurements. IgG, IgA, IgM, IgA values were quantified before treatment began. The statistic package STATA 2001 was used in the treatment of data statistics. RESULTS Our between the value reached by the PEF after treatment and the IgG values at the beginning of treatment (0.712). In lesser measurement for IgA values (0.660). For each 100 mg/ml of increase in the value of IgG, an increase of 10 l/min in the PEF measurement before and following treatment with Montelukast was produced. CONCLUSIONS IgG values increase with age. Children with a greater IgG value at the beginning of treatment reached higher PEF values after same. It is not known if the results would be similar with another type of treatment and the way in which IgG influences the results. What appears to be confirmed by available studies is that this relation is found in a group of small children, the aim of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Hernando
- Unidad de Alergia Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Clínica Virgen de la Vega, Murcia, Spain.
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De La Vega Salazar MY, Tabche LM, García CM. Bioaccumulation of methyl parathion and its toxicology in several species of the freshwater community in Ignacio Ramirez dam in Mexico. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1997; 38:53-62. [PMID: 9352214 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1997.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by pesticides, including the presence of chemical residues in aquatic wildlife, is a widespread ecological problem. Methyl parathion (MP), a widely used organophosphorate insecticide, is a potent neurotoxic in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The effect of a subchronic exposure to MP in aquatic organisms was evaluated in a natural ecosystem measuring acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and gamma glutamil transpeptidase (GGT) activity. Two samples were conducted. Physicochemical characterization was done at each sampling time and organisms were collected. MP and metabolite 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) concentrations were measured in water sediment and organisms. The major differences in physical features between season were an increase of turbidity and salinity and depletion of dissolved oxygen in the rainy season. MP and 4-NP are bioconcentrated in organisms in response to environmental stress. MP concentration was measured in different size/age and reproductive stages separately. A significant concentration in reproductive tissues (plants)/unborn progeny (animals) was always found, and this can affect egg viability. The metabolite 4-NP is bioaccumulated and is toxic because it causes an increase of AChE activity. GGT activity was higher than that in controls. The increase in enzymatic activity provides a detoxification mechanism from chronic sublethal exposure, when hepatic glutation depletion occurs, and may be an indicator of liver damage.
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