1
|
Rifaie-Graham O, Yeow J, Najer A, Wang R, Sun R, Zhou K, Dell TN, Adrianus C, Thanapongpibul C, Chami M, Mann S, de Alaniz JR, Stevens MM. Photoswitchable gating of non-equilibrium enzymatic feedback in chemically communicating polymersome nanoreactors. Nat Chem 2023; 15:110-118. [PMID: 36344820 PMCID: PMC9836937 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm generates out-of-equilibrium metabolite oscillations that are controlled by feedback loops under light/dark cycles. Here we describe a non-equilibrium nanosystem comprising a binary population of enzyme-containing polymersomes capable of light-gated chemical communication, controllable feedback and coupling to macroscopic oscillations. The populations consist of esterase-containing polymersomes functionalized with photo-responsive donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) and light-insensitive semipermeable urease-loaded polymersomes. The DASA-polymersome membrane becomes permeable under green light, switching on esterase activity and decreasing the pH, which in turn initiates the production of alkali in the urease-containing population. A pH-sensitive pigment that absorbs green light when protonated provides a negative feedback loop for deactivating the DASA-polymersomes. Simultaneously, increased alkali production deprotonates the pigment, reactivating esterase activity by opening the membrane gate. We utilize light-mediated fluctuations of pH to perform non-equilibrium communication between the nanoreactors and use the feedback loops to induce work as chemomechanical swelling/deswelling oscillations in a crosslinked hydrogel. We envision possible applications in artificial organelles, protocells and soft robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie-Graham
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Najer
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Wang
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rujie Sun
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kun Zhou
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tristan N. Dell
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Adrianus
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chalaisorn Thanapongpibul
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642BioEM lab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Mann
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim H, Yeow J, Najer A, Kit‐Anan W, Wang R, Rifaie‐Graham O, Thanapongpibul C, Stevens MM. Microliter Scale Synthesis of Luciferase-Encapsulated Polymersomes as Artificial Organelles for Optogenetic Modulation of Cardiomyocyte Beating. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200239. [PMID: 35901502 PMCID: PMC9507352 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Constructing artificial systems that effectively replace or supplement natural biological machinery within cells is one of the fundamental challenges underpinning bioengineering. At the sub-cellular scale, artificial organelles (AOs) have significant potential as long-acting biomedical implants, mimicking native organelles by conducting intracellularly compartmentalized enzymatic actions. The potency of these AOs can be heightened when judiciously combined with genetic engineering, producing highly tailorable biohybrid cellular systems. Here, the authors present a cost-effective, microliter scale (10 µL) polymersome (PSome) synthesis based on polymerization-induced self-assembly for the in situ encapsulation of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc), as a model luminescent enzyme. These GLuc-loaded PSomes present ideal features of AOs including enhanced enzymatic resistance to thermal, proteolytic, and intracellular stresses. To demonstrate their biomodulation potential, the intracellular luminescence of GLuc-loaded PSomes is coupled to optogenetically engineered cardiomyocytes, allowing modulation of cardiac beating frequency through treatment with coelenterazine (CTZ) as the substrate for GLuc. The long-term intracellular stability of the luminescent AOs allows this cardiostimulatory phenomenon to be reinitiated with fresh CTZ even after 7 days in culture. This synergistic combination of organelle-mimicking synthetic materials with genetic engineering is therefore envisioned as a highly universal strategy for the generation of new biohybrid cellular systems displaying unique triggerable properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Worrapong Kit‐Anan
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Chalaisorn Thanapongpibul
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thitichai N, Thanapongpibul C, Theerasilp M, Sungkarat W, Nasongkla N. Study of biodistribution and systemic toxicity of glucose functionalized SPIO/DOX micelles. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:935-946. [PMID: 30652923 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1569679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the cytotoxicity and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) distribution of cancer-targeted, MRI-visible polymeric micelles that encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and are conjugated with glucose as a targeting ligand. In this study, the micelles were investigated the clinical potential of glucose-micelles, in vitro cytotoxicity assays of nonencapsulating or SPIO-and-DOX-coencapsulating micelles were performed on L929 mouse fibroblasts, and we found that glucose-micelles did not exert in vitro cytotoxic effects. Next, in vitro MRI detectability of glucose SPIO micelles was evaluated at the loaded SPIO content of 2.5% and 50%, and it was found that glucose-micelles can increase MRI relaxivity (r2*) at high SPIO loading. Furthermore, 50% SPIO micelles persisted in the blood circulation for up to 5 days (slow liver clearance) as determined by in vivo MRI. For in vivo toxicity evaluation, 50% SPIO/DOX micelles at a dose up to 18 (mg DOX)/(kg body weight) showed no impact on animal health according to clinical chemistry and clinical hematology laboratory testing. Altogether, these results indicate that glucose-micelles can serve as an effective and safe drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nussana Thitichai
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Mahidol University, Puttamonthon , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand.,b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chalaisorn Thanapongpibul
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Mahidol University, Puttamonthon , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand
| | - Man Theerasilp
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Mahidol University, Puttamonthon , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand.,c Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering , Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) , Rayong , Thailand
| | - Witaya Sungkarat
- d Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Center (AIMC), Faculty of Medicine , Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Mahidol University, Puttamonthon , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand.,b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thedrattanawong C, Thanapongpibul C, Nittayacharn P, Nasongkla N. Reduction the Initial-Burst Release of Doxorubicin from Polymeric Depot as a Local Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018; 2018:4221-4224. [PMID: 30441285 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A sustained release that can be controllable is an ultimate goal for the delivery of drugs in drug delivery systems including in situ depots. However, one of the major persistent problems in the controlled release delivery system development is the initial burst release of the loaded drug which can minimize the effectiveness of the system. Our primary research objective was to reduce the initial burst release of Doxorubicin (Dox) encapsulated in polymeric depots by incorporating deprotonated Dox into the depots. The drug release profile and cytotoxicity effect of various concentrations of hydrophobic Dox-loaded depots were studied. In the first 24 hours after forming the depots, the release of Dox reached 82.9 ± 0.6% in Dox·HCl depots. Interestingly, the initial burst releases of 5, 10 and 15% wt/wt hydrophobic Dox-loaded PLEC depots were reduced to 48.5 ± 10.0, 29.2 ± 7.8 and 18.9 ± 0.9%, respectively. Moreover, 15% hydrophobic Dox-loaded PLEC depots maintained their stability up to 14 days and their in vitro cytotoxicity ability against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Taken together, this study suggested that the presence of hydrophobic Dox in Dox-loaded PLEC depots reduced the initial burst release phenomenon of the drug and the depots still maintained their function as a local drug delivery system.
Collapse
|