1
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Zonnefeld AG, Cui CY, Tsitsipatis D, Piao Y, Fan J, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Xue Y, Indig FE, De S, Gorospe M. Characterization of age-associated gene expression changes in mouse sweat glands. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6717-6730. [PMID: 38637019 PMCID: PMC11087089 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Evaporation of sweat on the skin surface is the major mechanism for dissipating heat in humans. The secretory capacity of sweat glands (SWGs) declines during aging, leading to heat intolerance in the elderly, but the mechanisms responsible for this decline are poorly understood. We investigated the molecular changes accompanying SWG aging in mice, where sweat tests confirmed a significant reduction of active SWGs in old mice relative to young mice. We first identified SWG-enriched mRNAs by comparing the skin transcriptome of Eda mutant Tabby male mice, which lack SWGs, with that of wild-type control mice by RNA-sequencing analysis. This comparison revealed 171 mRNAs enriched in SWGs, including 47 mRNAs encoding 'core secretory' proteins such as transcription factors, ion channels, ion transporters, and trans-synaptic signaling proteins. Among these, 28 SWG-enriched mRNAs showed significantly altered abundance in the aged male footpad skin, and 11 of them, including Foxa1, Best2, Chrm3, and Foxc1 mRNAs, were found in the 'core secretory' category. Consistent with the changes in mRNA expression levels, immunohistology revealed that higher numbers of secretory cells from old SWGs express the transcription factor FOXC1, the protein product of Foxc1 mRNA. In sum, our study identified mRNAs enriched in SWGs, including those that encode core secretory proteins, and altered abundance of these mRNAs and proteins with aging in mouse SWGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Zonnefeld
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yutong Xue
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Fred E. Indig
- Confocal Imaging Core Facility, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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2
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Anerillas C, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Herman AB, Munk R, Lam KWG, Calvo-Rubio M, Garrido A, Tsitsipatis D, Martindale JL, Altés G, Rossi M, Piao Y, Fan J, Cui CY, De S, Abdelmohsen K, de Cabo R, Gorospe M. The YAP-TEAD complex promotes senescent cell survival by lowering endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nat Aging 2023; 3:1237-1250. [PMID: 37667102 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal cell damage can trigger senescence, a complex adaptive program characterized by growth arrest, resistance to apoptosis and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, a whole-genome CRISPR knockout screen revealed that proteins in the YAP-TEAD pathway influenced senescent cell viability. Accordingly, treating senescent cells with a drug that inhibited this pathway, verteporfin (VPF), selectively triggered apoptotic cell death largely by derepressing DDIT4, which in turn inhibited mTOR. Reducing mTOR function in senescent cells diminished endoplasmic reticulum (ER) biogenesis, triggering ER stress and apoptosis due to high demands on ER function by the SASP. Importantly, VPF treatment decreased the numbers of senescent cells in the organs of old mice and mice exhibiting doxorubicin-induced senescence. Moreover, VPF treatment reduced immune cell infiltration and pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor-β signaling in aging mouse lungs, improving tissue homeostasis. We present an alternative senolytic strategy that eliminates senescent cells by hindering ER activity required for SASP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison B Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kwan-Wood Gabriel Lam
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Garrido
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gisela Altés
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Cui CY, Chen L, Yang J, Xu HH, Zhang WL, Cui XG, Lu JZ. Numerical simulation and testing of laser-MIG hybrid-welding angle-structure sheets. Appl Opt 2023; 62:6180-6193. [PMID: 37707087 DOI: 10.1364/ao.494547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of laser-MIG hybrid angle-welding low-carbon 1.5-mm-thin SPCC steel sheets are presented in this work. The transient simulation analysis provides an access to the thermal-fluid phenomena prediction by employing a hybrid three-dimensional heat source model. Special attention is paid to the melt dynamic behaviors within the triangular molten pool affected by the Marangoni convection. The simulation results show that the temperature and its gradient distribution are symmetrical with respect to the laser beam, which is validated well by the experimental study. The microstructure of the welded joints was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the cross-section microstructures of welded joint are mainly composed of the weld zone, narrow heat-affected zone, and substrate. The semielliptic-like molten pool shape is consistent with that of the simulated results. The finer microstructure in the weld bead results from the rapid cooling rate of laser welding confirmed by the FEM calculation. The columnar and equiaxed dendrites are formed in the peripheral and central region of the molten pool, which is beneficial for the improvement of the microhardness.
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4
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Yang N, Occean JR, Melters DP, Shi C, Wang L, Stransky S, Doyle ME, Cui CY, Delannoy M, Fan J, Slama E, Egan JM, De S, Cunningham SC, de Cabo R, Sidoli S, Dalal Y, Sen P. A hyper-quiescent chromatin state formed during aging is reversed by regeneration. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1659-1676.e11. [PMID: 37116496 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are a key hallmark of aging but have been limitedly explored in tissues. Here, using naturally aged murine liver as a model and extending to other quiescent tissues, we find that aging is driven by temporal chromatin alterations that promote a refractory cellular state and compromise cellular identity. Using an integrated multi-omics approach and the first direct visualization of aged chromatin, we find that globally, old cells show H3K27me3-driven broad heterochromatinization and transcriptional suppression. At the local level, site-specific loss of H3K27me3 over promoters of genes encoding developmental transcription factors leads to expression of otherwise non-hepatocyte markers. Interestingly, liver regeneration reverses H3K27me3 patterns and rejuvenates multiple molecular and physiological aspects of the aged liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James R Occean
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Daniël P Melters
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21224, USA
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Delannoy
- JHU SOM Microscope Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eliza Slama
- Department of Surgery, Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21229, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Steven C Cunningham
- Department of Surgery, Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21229, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yamini Dalal
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21224, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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5
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Cui CY, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Macrophage Involvement in Aging-Associated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091214. [PMID: 37174614 PMCID: PMC10177543 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a dynamic organ composed of contractile muscle fibers, connective tissues, blood vessels and nerve endings. Its main function is to provide motility to the body, but it is also deeply involved in systemic metabolism and thermoregulation. The skeletal muscle frequently encounters microinjury or trauma, which is primarily repaired by the coordinated actions of muscle stem cells (satellite cells, SCs), fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and multiple immune cells, particularly macrophages. During aging, however, the capacity of skeletal muscle to repair and regenerate declines, likely contributing to sarcopenia, an age-related condition defined as loss of muscle mass and function. Recent studies have shown that resident macrophages in skeletal muscle are highly heterogeneous, and their phenotypes shift during aging, which may exacerbate skeletal muscle deterioration and inefficient regeneration. In this review, we highlight recent insight into the heterogeneity and functional roles of macrophages in skeletal muscle regeneration, particularly as it declines with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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6
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Occean JR, Yang N, Sun Y, Dawkins MS, Munk R, Belair C, Dar S, Anerillas C, Wang L, Shi C, Dunn C, Bernier M, Price NL, Kim JS, Cui CY, Fan J, Bhattacharyya M, De S, Maragkakis M, deCabo R, Sidoli S, Sen P. Gene body DNA hydroxymethylation restricts the magnitude of transcriptional changes during aging. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.15.528714. [PMID: 36824863 PMCID: PMC9949049 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) is the most abundant oxidative derivative of DNA methylation (5mC) and is typically enriched at enhancers and gene bodies of transcriptionally active and tissue-specific genes. Although aberrant genomic 5hmC has been implicated in many age-related diseases, the functional role of the modification in aging remains largely unknown. Here, we report that 5hmC is stably enriched in multiple aged organs. Using the liver and cerebellum as model organs, we show that 5hmC accumulates in gene bodies associated with tissue-specific function and thereby restricts the magnitude of gene expression changes during aging. Mechanistically, we found that 5hmC decreases binding affinity of splicing factors compared to unmodified cytosine and 5mC, and is correlated with age-related alternative splicing events, suggesting RNA splicing as a potential mediator of 5hmC's transcriptionally restrictive function. Furthermore, we show that various age-related contexts, such as prolonged quiescence and senescence, are partially responsible for driving the accumulation of 5hmC with age. We provide evidence that this age-related function is conserved in mouse and human tissues, and further show that the modification is altered by regimens known to modulate lifespan. Our findings reveal that 5hmC is a regulator of tissue-specific function and may play a role in regulating longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Occean
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Marshall S Dawkins
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cedric Belair
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Showkat Dar
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher Dunn
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Julie S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manolis Maragkakis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rafael deCabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Yang N, Occean JR, Melters DP, Shi C, Wang L, Stransky S, Doyle ME, Cui CY, Delannoy M, Fan J, Slama E, Egan JM, De S, Cunningham SC, de Cabo R, Sidoli S, Dalal Y, Sen P. A hyper-quiescent chromatin state formed during aging is reversed by regeneration. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.14.528512. [PMID: 36824822 PMCID: PMC9949032 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are a key hallmark of aging but have been limitedly explored in tissues. Here, using naturally aged murine liver as a model and extending to other quiescent tissues, we find that aging is driven by temporal chromatin alterations that promote a refractory cellular state and compromise cellular identity. Using an integrated multi-omics approach, and the first direct visualization of aged chromatin we find that globally, old cells show H3K27me3-driven broad heterochromatinization and transcription suppression. At the local level, site-specific loss of H3K27me3 over promoters of genes encoding developmental transcription factors leads to expression of otherwise non-hepatocyte markers. Interestingly, liver regeneration reverses H3K27me3 patterns and rejuvenates multiple molecular and physiological aspects of the aged liver.
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8
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Cui CY, Krasniewski L, Chakraborty P, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MACROPHAGES REVEALS AGE-ASSOCIATED FUNCTIONAL SUBPOPULATIONS. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9767186 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages represent a group of highly responsive innate immune cells that acquire diverse functions by polarizing towards distinct subpopulations. The subpopulations of macrophages that reside in skeletal muscle (SKM) and their changes during aging are poorly characterized. By single-cell transcriptomic analysis with unsupervised clustering, we found eleven distinct macrophage clusters in male mouse SKM with enriched gene expression programs linked to reparative, proinflammatory, phagocytotic, proliferative, and senescence-associated functions. Using a complementary classification, membrane markers LYVE1 and MHCII identified four macrophage subgroups: LYVE1-/MHCIIhi (M1-like, classically activated), LYVE1+/MHCIIlo (M2-like, alternatively activated), and two new subgroups, LYVE1+/MHCIIhi and LYVE1-/MHCIIlo. Notably, one new subgroup, LYVE1+/MHCIIhi, had traits of both M2 and M1 macrophages, while the other new subgroup, LYVE1-/MHCIIlo, displayed strong phagocytotic capacity. Flow cytometric analysis validated the presence of the four macrophage subgroups in SKM, and found that LYVE1- macrophages were more abundant than LYVE1+ macrophages in old SKM. A striking increase in proinflammatory markers (S100a8 and S100a9 mRNAs) and senescence-related markers (Gpnmb and Spp1 mRNAs) was evident in macrophage clusters from older mice. In sum, we have identified dynamically polarized SKM macrophages and propose that specific macrophage subpopulations contribute to the proinflammatory and senescent traits of old SKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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9
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Anerillas C, Herman AB, Munk R, Garrido A, Lam KWG, Payea MJ, Rossi M, Tsitsipatis D, Martindale JL, Piao Y, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Fan J, Cui CY, De S, Abdelmohsen K, de Cabo R, Gorospe M. Author Correction: A BDNF-TrkB autocrine loop enhances senescent cell viability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7540. [PMID: 36477003 PMCID: PMC9729192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Anerillas
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Allison B. Herman
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Amanda Garrido
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kwan-Wood Gabriel Lam
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Matthew J. Payea
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Martina Rossi
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Supriyo De
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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10
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Krasniewski LK, Tsitsipatis D, Izydore EK, Shi C, Piao Y, Michel M, Sen P, Gorospe M, Cui CY. Improved Macrophage Enrichment from Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4561. [PMID: 36561115 PMCID: PMC9729853 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous class of innate immune cells that offer a primary line of defense to the body by phagocytizing pathogens, digesting them, and presenting the antigens to T and B cells to initiate adaptive immunity. Through specialized pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities, macrophages also directly contribute to the clearance of infections and the repair of tissue injury. Macrophages are distributed throughout the body and largely carry out tissue-specific functions. In skeletal muscle, macrophages regulate tissue repair and regeneration; however, the characteristics of these macrophages are not yet fully understood, and their involvement in skeletal muscle aging remains to be elucidated. To investigate these functions, it is critical to efficiently isolate macrophages from skeletal muscle with sufficient purity and yield for various downstream analyses. However, methods to prepare enriched skeletal muscle macrophages are scarce. Here, we describe in detail an optimized method to isolate skeletal muscle macrophages from mice. This method has allowed the isolation of CD45 + /CD11b + macrophage-enriched cells from young and old mice, which can be further used for flow cytometric analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and single-cell RNA sequencing. This protocol was validated in: eLife (2022), DOI: 10.7554/eLife.77974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K. Krasniewski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Izydore
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
,
*For correspondence:
;
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
,
*For correspondence:
;
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11
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Krasniewski LK, Chakraborty P, Cui CY, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Dunn C, Piao Y, Fan J, Shi C, Wallace T, Nguyen C, Rathbun IA, Munk R, Tsitsipatis D, De S, Sen P, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Single-cell analysis of skeletal muscle macrophages reveals age-associated functional subpopulations. eLife 2022; 11:77974. [PMID: 36259488 PMCID: PMC9629833 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages represent a group of highly responsive innate immune cells that acquire diverse functions by polarizing toward distinct subpopulations. The subpopulations of macrophages that reside in skeletal muscle (SKM) and their changes during aging are poorly characterized. By single-cell transcriptomic analysis with unsupervised clustering, we found 11 distinct macrophage clusters in male mouse SKM with enriched gene expression programs linked to reparative, proinflammatory, phagocytic, proliferative, and senescence-associated functions. Using a complementary classification, membrane markers LYVE1 and MHCII identified four macrophage subgroups: LYVE1−/MHCIIhi (M1-like, classically activated), LYVE1+/MHCIIlo (M2-like, alternatively activated), and two new subgroups, LYVE1+/MHCIIhi and LYVE1−/MHCIIlo. Notably, one new subgroup, LYVE1+/MHCIIhi, had traits of both M2 and M1 macrophages, while the other new subgroup, LYVE1−/MHCIIlo, displayed strong phagocytic capacity. Flow cytometric analysis validated the presence of the four macrophage subgroups in SKM and found that LYVE1− macrophages were more abundant than LYVE1+ macrophages in old SKM. A striking increase in proinflammatory markers (S100a8 and S100a9 mRNAs) and senescence-related markers (Gpnmb and Spp1 mRNAs) was evident in macrophage clusters from older mice. In sum, we have identified dynamically polarized SKM macrophages and propose that specific macrophage subpopulations contribute to the proinflammatory and senescent traits of old SKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Krasniewski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Papiya Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - Christopher Dunn
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Tonya Wallace
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Cuong Nguyen
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Isabelle A Rathbun
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerentology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, United States
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12
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Anerillas C, Herman AB, Rossi M, Munk R, Lehrmann E, Martindale JL, Cui CY, Abdelmohsen K, De S, Gorospe M. Early SRC activation skews cell fate from apoptosis to senescence. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm0756. [PMID: 35394839 PMCID: PMC8993123 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells responding to DNA damage implement complex adaptive programs that often culminate in one of two distinct outcomes: apoptosis or senescence. To systematically identify factors driving each response, we analyzed human IMR-90 fibroblasts exposed to increasing doses of the genotoxin etoposide and identified SRC as a key kinase contributing early to this dichotomous decision. SRC was activated by low but not high levels of etoposide. With low DNA damage, SRC-mediated activation of p38 critically promoted expression of cell survival and senescence proteins, while SRC-mediated repression of p53 prevented a rise in proapoptotic proteins. With high DNA damage, failure to activate SRC led to elevation of p53, inhibition of p38, and apoptosis. In mice exposed to DNA damage, pharmacologic inhibition of SRC prevented the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues. We propose that inhibiting SRC could be exploited to favor apoptosis over senescence in tissues to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison B. Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Jiang GQ, Cui CY, Chen L, Zhao K, Cui XG. Effects of powder size and preset thickness on the microstructure and properties of Ni35 thin coating prepared by laser cladding. Appl Opt 2021; 60:9535-9542. [PMID: 34807097 DOI: 10.1364/ao.431659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ni35 thin coatings were prepared on 40Cr steel by preset powder laser cladding technology. The effects of powder size and preset thickness on the dilution rate, microstructure, and properties of the coating were systematically studied. The results showed that the coating with smaller powder size and larger preset thickness had smaller grain size, denser microstructure, a flatter bottom of the molten pool, and lower dilution rate. The micro-hardness of the coating with large powder size and preset thickness was higher. The friction coefficient of the coating with small powder size and small preset thickness was smaller, but the latter had larger curve fluctuation and wear volume loss. The corrosion rate of the coating was high during the first 24 h, then relatively stable after 68 h, and the corrosion rate and loss of the coating with small powder size and large preset thickness were smaller.
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14
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Driscoll RK, Krasniewski LK, Cockey SG, Yang JH, Piao Y, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Michel M, Noh JH, Cui CY, Gorospe M. GRSF1 deficiency in skeletal muscle reduces endurance in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14557-14570. [PMID: 34078750 PMCID: PMC8221292 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GRSF1 is a mitochondrial RNA-binding protein important for maintaining mitochondrial function. We found that GRSF1 is highly expressed in cultured skeletal myoblasts differentiating into myotubes. To understand the physiological function of GRSF1 in vivo, we generated mice in which GRSF1 was specifically ablated in skeletal muscle. The conditional knockout mice (Grsf1cKO) appeared normal until 7-9 months of age. Importantly, however, a reduction of muscle endurance compared to wild-type controls was observed in 16- to 18-month old Grsf1cKO mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed more than 200 mRNAs differentially expressed in Grsf1cKO muscle at this age. Notably, mRNAs encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial function, inflammation, and ion transport, including Mgarp, Cxcl10, Nfkb2, and Sln mRNAs, were significantly elevated in aged Grsf1cKO muscle. Our findings suggest that GRSF1 deficiency exacerbates the functional decline of aged skeletal muscle, likely through multiple downstream effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley K. Driscoll
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Linda K. Krasniewski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Samuel G. Cockey
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jen-Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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15
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Krasniewski L, Tsitsipatis D, Izydore E, Shi C, Piao Y, Michel M, Sen P, Gorospe M, Cui CY. Improved Macrophage Isolation from Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Bio Protoc 2021. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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16
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Cui CY, Shu YX, Cui XG, Hu JD. Microstructure evolution and wear behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel after Nd:YAG pulsed laser surface melting. Appl Opt 2020; 59:10862-10869. [PMID: 33361907 DOI: 10.1364/ao.406214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and wear behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel after Nd:YAG pulsed laser surface melting (LSM) were investigated. The microstructural features of the LSM layer were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Experimental results showed that the microstructure was obviously refined to the nano- and sub-micrometer scales on the AISI 304 stainless steel surface after LSM treatment. Fine grains with grain size of less than 200 nm were obtained when the applied laser energy densities were in the range of 1.90×107 to 3.52×107J/m2 during LSM. The results indicated that the calculated surface temperature, cooling rate, and measured grain size are closely related to the adopted laser energy densities. The lower the laser energy density is, the lower the surface temperature, and the faster the cooling rate, the finer the grain size. In addition, the microhardness and wear resistance of the stainless steel was significantly improved. Finally, the wear mechanism after LSM process was revealed.
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17
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Cui CY, Driscoll R, Piao Y, Chia C, Gorospe M, Ferrucci L. SKEWED MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION IN AGING SKELETAL MUSCLE. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845425 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is a major cause of disability and frailty in the elderly. The progressive impairment of skeletal muscle with aging was recently linked to a disequilibrium between damage and repair. Macrophages participate in muscle tissue repair first as pro-inflammatory M1 subtype and then as anti-inflammatory M2 subtype. However, information on the presence of macrophages in skeletal muscle is still sporadic and the effect of aging on macrophage phenotype remains unknown. In this study, we sought to characterize the polarization status of macrophages in human skeletal muscle at different ages. We found that most macrophages in human skeletal muscle are M2, and that this number increased with advancing age. On the contrary, M1 macrophages declined with aging, making the total number of macrophages invariant with older age. Notably, M2 macrophages co-localized with increasing intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in aging skeletal muscle. Old BALB/c mice showed increased IMAT and regenerating myofibers in skeletal muscle, accompanied by elevated expression of adipocyte markers and M2 cytokines. Collectively, we report that polarization of macrophages to the major M2 subtype is associated with IMAT, and propose that increased M2 in aged skeletal muscle may reflect active repair of aging-associated muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Riley Driscoll
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yulan Piao
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Chee Chia
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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18
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Kobayashi T, Voisin B, Kim DY, Kennedy EA, Jo JH, Shih HY, Truong A, Doebel T, Sakamoto K, Cui CY, Schlessinger D, Moro K, Nakae S, Horiuchi K, Zhu J, Leonard WJ, Kong HH, Nagao K. Homeostatic Control of Sebaceous Glands by Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulates Commensal Bacteria Equilibrium. Cell 2019; 176:982-997.e16. [PMID: 30712873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells and epithelium form sophisticated barrier systems in symbiotic relationships with microbiota. Evidence suggests that immune cells can sense microbes through intact barriers, but regulation of microbial commensalism remain largely unexplored. Here, we uncovered spatial compartmentalization of skin-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and modulation of sebaceous glands by a subset of RORγt+ ILCs residing within hair follicles in close proximity to sebaceous glands. Their persistence in skin required IL-7 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and localization was dependent on the chemokine receptor CCR6. ILC subsets expressed TNF receptor ligands, which limited sebocyte growth by repressing Notch signaling pathway. Consequently, loss of ILCs resulted in sebaceous hyperplasia with increased production of antimicrobial lipids and restricted commensalism of Gram-positive bacterial communities. Thus, epithelia-derived signals maintain skin-resident ILCs that regulate microbial commensalism through sebaceous gland-mediated tuning of the barrier surface, highlighting an immune-epithelia circuitry that facilitates host-microbe symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Voisin
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Do Young Kim
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Elizabeth A Kennedy
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jay-Hyun Jo
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Laboratory of Immunology, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amanda Truong
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Doebel
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keiko Sakamoto
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Human Genetics Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Human Genetics Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Cui CY, Noh JH, Michel M, Gorospe M, Schlessinger D. STIM1, but not STIM2, Is the Calcium Sensor Critical for Sweat Secretion. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:704-707. [PMID: 29054597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Wang SN, Cui CY, Dong YM. [Influence of the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser sequence on the biological effects of bioactive glass on human dental pulp cells]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:326-340. [PMID: 28416846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive effects of bioactive glass (BG) on proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) was already verified in various former studies. The Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser sequence (RGDS) was confirmed of affecting cell adhesion. Before further investigation, the objective of this study is to investigate whether RGDS can affect the effects of BG on the adhesion, proliferation and mineralization of hDPCs. METHODS hDPCs were harvested from third molars of 18-25-year-old individuals after informed consent. Enzyme digestion technique was used. The 4th to 6th generation of hDPCs were used for all experiments. The cells of the experimental groups were cultured in Dulbecco minimum essential medium (DMEM) containing ionic dissolution products of BG and RGDS of several concentrations (12.5 mg/L, 25.0 mg/L, 50.0 mg/L, 100.0 mg/L, 200.0 mg/L). DMEM containing ionic dissolution products of BG without RGDS was used for cell culture as control group. Cell adhesion was tested 4 h after cell seeding by MTT assay. Cell proliferation was examined at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 d after cell seeding by MTT assay. Cell mineralization was investigated on days 14 and 28 by alizarin red staining. After being stained and dried, mineralized nodules were dissolved by cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for semi-quantitative test. Results were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA, SPSS (version 19.0) and P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS Cell adhesion in BG group showed no difference from that in DMEM group. Compared with BG group, hDPCs in BG+RGDS groups suggested weaker cell adhesion.When the concentration of RGDS increased, the adhered cell number decreased. hDPCs cultured with BG and RGDS showed lower proliferation activity in the early stage, while no significant difference was observed after 3 d. BG group promoted the mineralization of hDPCs compared with positive control group, negative control group and RGDS group. No significant difference was observed between BG+RGDS group and BG group or between RGDS group and positive control group. CONCLUSION BG promotes proliferation and mineralization without affecting cell adhesion of hDPCs. Unbounded RGDS inhibits cell adhesion, but has no influence on the positive effects of BG on the proliferation and mineralization of hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S N Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - C Y Cui
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y M Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Xin Y, Wang SN, Cui CY, Dong YM. [Effects of bioactive glass and extracted dentin proteins on human dental pulp cells]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:331-336. [PMID: 28416847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) on bioactive glass(BG) and extracted dentin proteins(EDP). METHODS Primary HDPCs were isolated from third molars by enzyme digestion and were cultured in Dulbecco's minimum essential medium (DMEM). Then the 4th generation of HDPCs was cultured with DMEM, which contained BG-EDP, BG, and EDP, respectively. Meanwhile HDPCs were cultured in DMEM as control group. Proliferation of HDPCs was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Odontogenic differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and real-time PCR. Mineralization was investigated by Alizarin red staining and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) assay. RESULTS The proliferation of HDPCs was increased significantly in BG-EDP group on 3,7,and 9 d (optical density value: 1.36±0.06, 2.52±0.20, 2.72±0.29) compared with BG (optical density value: 1.20±0.26, 2.33±0.26, 2.50±0.30), EDP(optical density value: 1.13±0.15, 2.10±0.13, 2.38±0.22) and control group (optical density value: 0.84±0.17, 1.84±0.18, 1.95±0.19), P<0.05. After 7 days, ALP activity of BG-EDP group had no statistical difference compared with EDP group and control group; the expression of odontogenic differentiation genes (DSPP, DMP-1) showed no difference among all the groups(P>0.05). After 14 days, ALP activity of BG-EDP group (56.67±1.83) was significantly upregulated compared with EDP group (41.98±9.71) and control group (30.82±6.70), P<0.05, but had no statistical difference compared with BG group (56.29±6.20), P>0.05; DSPP gene expression was upregulated significantly in BG-EDP group (5.79±1.94) compared with the other groups (P<0.05); DMP-1 gene expression of BG-EDP group (3.87±1.87) increased but had no statistical difference compared with the other groups (P>0.05). The alizarin red staining showed more mineral nodules in BG-EDP group, the cetylpyridinium chloride semi-quantification presented higher calcification in BG-EDP group (0.27±0.01) compared with the other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with either BG or EDP, BG-EDP significantly promotes the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of HDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081,China
| | - S N Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081,China
| | - C Y Cui
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081,China
| | - Y M Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081,China
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22
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Cui CY, Ishii R, Campbell DP, Michel M, Piao Y, Kume T, Schlessinger D. Foxc1 Ablated Mice Are Anhidrotic and Recapitulate Features of Human Miliaria Sweat Retention Disorder. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:38-45. [PMID: 27592801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sweat glands are critical for thermoregulation. The single tubular structure of sweat glands has a lower secretory portion and an upper reabsorptive duct leading to the secretory pore in the skin. Genes that determine sweat gland structure and function are largely unidentified. Here we report that a Fox family transcription factor, Foxc1, is obligate for appreciable sweat duct activity in mice. When Foxc1 was specifically ablated in skin, sweat glands appeared mature, but the mice were severely hypohidrotic. Morphologic analysis revealed that sweat ducts were blocked by hyperkeratotic or parakeratotic plugs. Consequently, lumens in ducts and secretory portions were dilated, and blisters and papules formed on the skin surface in the knockout mice. The phenotype was strikingly similar to the human sweat retention disorder miliaria. We further show that Foxc1 deficiency ectopically induces the expression of keratinocyte terminal differentiation markers in the duct luminal cells, which most likely contribute to keratotic plug formation. Among those differentiation markers, we show that Sprr2a transcription is directly repressed by overexpressed Foxc1 in keratinocytes. In summary, Foxc1 regulates sweat duct luminal cell differentiation, and mutant mice mimic miliaria and provide a possible animal model for its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ryuga Ishii
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean P Campbell
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cui CY, Sima J, Yin M, Michel M, Kunisada M, Schlessinger D. Identification of potassium and chloride channels in eccrine sweat glands. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:129-31. [PMID: 26627722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jian Sima
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands help to maintain homoeostasis, primarily by stabilizing body temperature. Derived from embryonic ectoderm, millions of eccrine glands are distributed across human skin and secrete litres of sweat per day. Their easy accessibility has facilitated the start of analyses of their development and function. Mouse genetic models find sweat gland development regulated sequentially by Wnt, Eda and Shh pathways, although precise subpathways and additional regulators require further elucidation. Mature glands have two secretory cell types, clear and dark cells, whose comparative development and functional interactions remain largely unknown. Clear cells have long been known as the major secretory cells, but recent studies suggest that dark cells are also indispensable for sweat secretion. Dark cell-specific Foxa1 expression was shown to regulate a Ca(2+) -dependent Best2 anion channel that is the candidate driver for the required ion currents. Overall, it was shown that cholinergic impulses trigger sweat secretion in mature glands through second messengers - for example InsP3 and Ca(2+) - and downstream ion channels/transporters in the framework of a Na(+) -K(+) -Cl(-) cotransporter model. Notably, the microenvironment surrounding secretory cells, including acid-base balance, was implicated to be important for proper sweat secretion, which requires further clarification. Furthermore, multiple ion channels have been shown to be expressed in clear and dark cells, but the degree to which various ion channels function redundantly or indispensably also remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Cui CY, Yin M, Sima J, Childress V, Michel M, Piao Y, Schlessinger D. Involvement of Wnt, Eda and Shh at defined stages of sweat gland development. Development 2014; 141:3752-60. [PMID: 25249463 DOI: 10.1242/dev.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To maintain body temperature, sweat glands develop from embryonic ectoderm by a poorly defined mechanism. We demonstrate a temporal cascade of regulation during mouse sweat gland formation. Sweat gland induction failed completely when canonical Wnt signaling was blocked in skin epithelium, and was accompanied by sharp downregulation of downstream Wnt, Eda and Shh pathway genes. The Wnt antagonist Dkk4 appeared to inhibit this induction: Dkk4 was sharply downregulated in β-catenin-ablated mice, indicating that it is induced by Wnt/β-catenin; however, its overexpression repressed Wnt target genes and significantly reduced gland numbers. Eda signaling succeeded Wnt. Wnt signaling was still active and nascent sweat gland pre-germs were still seen in Eda-null mice, but the pre-germs failed to develop further and the downstream Shh pathway was not activated. When Wnt and Eda were intact but Shh was ablated, germ induction and subsequent duct formation occurred normally, but the final stage of secretory coil formation failed. Thus, sweat gland development shows a relay of regulatory steps initiated by Wnt/β-catenin - itself modulated by Dkk4 - with subsequent participation of Eda and Shh pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jian Sima
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Victoria Childress
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Cui CY, Klar J, Georgii-Heming P, Fröjmark AS, Baig SM, Schlessinger D, Dahl N. Frizzled6 deficiency disrupts the differentiation process of nail development. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1990-7. [PMID: 23439395 PMCID: PMC3695035 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nails protect the soft tissue of the tips of digits. The molecular mechanism of nail (and claw) development is largely unknown, but we have recently identified a Wnt receptor gene, Frizzled6 (Fzd6) that is mutated in a human autosomal-recessive nail dysplasia. To investigate the action of Fzd6 in claw development at the molecular level, we compared gene expression profiles of digit tips of wild-type and Fzd6−/− mice, and show that Fzd6 regulates the transcription of a striking number of epidermal differentiation-related genes. Sixty-three genes encoding keratins, keratin associated proteins, and transglutaminases and their substrates were significantly down-regulated in the knockout mice. Among them, four hard keratins, Krt86, Krt81, Krt34 and Krt31; two epithelial keratins, Krt6a and Krt6b; and transglutaminase1 were already known to be involved in nail abnormalities when dysregulated. Immunohistochemical studies revealed decreased expression of Krt86, Krt6b and involucrin in the epidermal portion of the claw field in the knockout embryos. We further showed that Dkk4, a Wnt antagonist, was significantly down-regulated in Fzd6−/− mice along with Wnt, Bmp and Hh family genes; and Dkk4 transgenic mice showed a subtly but appreciably modified claw phenotype. Thus, Fzd6-mediated Wnt signaling likely regulates the overall differentiation process of nail/claw formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Abstract
In embryonic Eda mutant ("Tabby") mice, the development of one of the two major types of hair, "primary" hair fails, but other "secondary" hairs develop in normal numbers, though shorter and slightly aberrant. In Tabby mice, Shh is undetectable in skin early on, but is activated during secondary hair formation. We inferred that Shh may be involved in primary hair formation, activated normally by Eda, and also possibly in secondary hair formation, activated by an Eda-independent pathway. Varying the dosage of Shh now supports these inferences. In Shh knockout mice, mice were totally hairless: primary and secondary hair follicle germs were formed, but further progression failed. Consistent with these findings, when Shh loss was restricted to the skin, secondary hair follicle germs were initiated on time in Tabby mice, but their subsequent development (down-growth) failed. An Shh transgene expressed in Tabby skin could not restore induction of primary hair follicles, but restored normal length to the somewhat aberrant secondary hair that was formed and prolonged the anagen phase of hair cycling. Thus, Shh is required for primary and secondary hair down-growth and full secondary hair length, but is not itself sufficient to replace Eda or make fully normal secondary hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Cui CY, Kunisada M, Piao Y, Childress V, Ko MSH, Schlessinger D. Dkk4 and Eda regulate distinctive developmental mechanisms for subtypes of mouse hair. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10009. [PMID: 20386733 PMCID: PMC2850388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse hair coat comprises protective “primary” and thermo-regulatory “secondary” hairs. Primary hair formation is ectodysplasin (Eda) dependent, but it has been puzzling that Tabby (Eda-/y) mice still make secondary hair. We report that Dickkopf 4 (Dkk4), a Wnt antagonist, affects an auxiliary pathway for Eda-independent development of secondary hair. A Dkk4 transgene in wild-type mice had no effect on primary hair, but secondary hairs were severely malformed. Dkk4 action on secondary hair was further demonstrated when the transgene was introduced into Tabby mice: the usual secondary follicle induction was completely blocked. The Dkk4-regulated secondary hair pathway, like the Eda-dependent primary hair pathway, is further mediated by selective activation of Shh. The results thus reveal two complex molecular pathways that distinctly regulate subtype-based morphogenesis of hair follicles, and provide a resolution for the longstanding puzzle of hair formation in Tabby mice lacking Eda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria Childress
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Minoru S. H. Ko
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kunisada M, Cui CY, Piao Y, Ko MSH, Schlessinger D. Requirement for Shh and Fox family genes at different stages in sweat gland development. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:1769-78. [PMID: 19270025 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweat glands play a fundamental role in thermal regulation in man, but the molecular mechanism of their development remains unknown. To initiate analyses, we compared the model of Eda mutant Tabby mice, in which sweat glands were not formed, with wild-type (WT) mice. We inferred developmental stages and critical genes based on observations at seven time points spanning embryonic, postnatal and adult life. In WT footpads, sweat gland germs were detected at E17.5. The coiling of secretory portions started at postnatal day 1 (P1), and sweat gland formation was essentially completed by P5. Consistent with a controlled morphological progression, expression profiling revealed stage-specific gene expression changes. Similar to the development of hair follicles-the other major skin appendage controlled by EDA-sweat gland induction and initial progression were accompanied by Eda-dependent up-regulation of the Shh pathway. During the further development of sweat gland secretory portions, Foxa1 and Foxi1, not at all expressed in hair follicles, were progressively up-regulated in WT but not in Tabby footpads. Upon completion of WT development, Shh declined to Tabby levels, but Fox family genes remained at elevated levels in mature sweat glands. The results provide a framework for the further analysis of phased down-stream regulation of gene action, possibly by a signaling cascade, in response to Eda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kunisada
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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30
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Abstract
Troy is a TNFR superfamily member that is highly expressed in developing hair follicles. Its possible function and ligand in skin have, however, been unknown. Here we demonstrate that an immunomodulatory cytokine, lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha), is a functional ligand of Troy by 3 biochemical approaches: (1) Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that LTalpha, but not LTbeta or any obligate combination of LTalpha and LTbeta, binds to Troy. (2) Co-transfection of LTalpha with Troy sharply upregulated NFkappaB reporter transcription, whereas LTbeta or a combination of LTalpha and LTbeta did not. (3) Recombinant LTalpha protein upregulated NFkappaB activity through Troy in a dosedependent manner. We further found that LTalpha is expressed in dermal papillae of developing hair follicles, whereas Troy was expressed in adjacent matrix region. This suggested involvement of LTalpha-Troy signaling in mesenchyme-epithelium interactions during hair follicle development. However, in Troy mutant mice that we generated, hair subtype composition and morphology were altered slightly if at all. The present study thus suggested a subtle function of the newly identified LTalpha-Troy pathway in skin appendage development, however, it may have an additional action compensated by a parallel EDA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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31
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Abstract
The microstructure of a newly developed Co-base superalloy with enhanced high-temperature strength has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) techniques. It mainly consists of a typical gamma/gamma' (FCC/L1(2)) structure and a plate-shaped AB3-type (Ni,Co,Cr)3(Ti,Al) intermetallic compound with hexagonal structure (a approximately 5.1A and c approximately 12.5A). gamma' is formed with a bimodal distribution and fine gamma' has a cuboidal morphology. Cr and Co are enriched in the gamma phase, while Ti, Al and Ni are enriched in the gamma' phase. W and Mo are more or less uniformly distributed in both gamma and gamma'. Chemical composition analysis by 3DAP suggests that the plate-shaped phase has a higher Ti and lower Al content compared to that of gamma' phase, and the concentration of Ti, Co and Ni has a periodic variation along c-axis with a period of 12.5A in the plate-shaped phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Ping
- High Temperature Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba 305 0047, Japan.
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Cui CY, Kunisada M, Esibizione D, Grivennikov SI, Piao Y, Nedospasov SA, Schlessinger D. Lymphotoxin-beta regulates periderm differentiation during embryonic skin development. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2583-90. [PMID: 17673451 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphotoxin-beta (LTbeta) is a key regulator of immune system development, but also affects late stages in hair development. In addition, high expression of LTbeta at an early stage in epidermis hinted at a further function in hair follicle induction or epithelial development. We report that hair follicles were normally induced in LTbeta(-/-) skin, but the periderm detached from the epidermis earlier, accompanied by premature appearance of keratohyalin granules. Expression profiling revealed dramatic down-regulation of a gene cluster encoding periderm-specific keratin-associated protein 13 and four novel paralogs in LTbeta(-/-) skin prior to periderm detachment. Epidermal differentiation markers, including small proline-rich proteins, filaggrins and several keratins, were also affected, but transiently in LTbeta(-/-) skin at the time of abnormal periderm detachment. As expected, Tabby mice, which lack the EDA gene, the putative upstream regulator of LTbeta in skin, showed similar though milder periderm histopathology and alterations in gene expression. Overall, LTbeta shows a primary early function in periderm differentiation, with later transient effects on epidermal and hair follicle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Abstract
The same morphogenetic signals are often involved in the development of different organs. For developing skin appendages, a model for tissue-specific regulation of signaling is provided by the EDA pathway, which accesses the otherwise ubiquitous NFkappaB transcription factors. EDA signaling is mediated by ectodysplasin, EDAR and EDARADD, which form a new TNF ligand-receptor-adaptor family that is restricted to skin appendages in vertebrates from fish to human. The critical function of the pathway was demonstrated in the hereditary genetic disorder Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (EDA), which is characterized by defective formation of hair follicles, sweat glands and teeth. The pathway does not appear to initiate the development of the appendages, but is regulated by and regulates the course of further morphogenesis. In mice, transgenic and knockout strains have increasingly revealed features of the mechanism, and suggest possible non-invasive interventions to alleviate EDA deficiency, especially in sweat glands and eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Schlessinger
- Correspondence to: David Schlessinger; Laboratory of Genetics; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; 333 Cassell Dr.; Suite 3000; Baltimore, Maryland 21224 USA; Tel.: 410.558.8337; Fax: 410.558.8331;
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Cui CY, Hashimoto T, Grivennikov SI, Piao Y, Nedospasov SA, Schlessinger D. Ectodysplasin regulates the lymphotoxin-beta pathway for hair differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:9142-7. [PMID: 16738056 PMCID: PMC1482580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509678103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the EDA gene cause anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, a disorder characterized by defective formation of hair, sweat glands, and teeth in humans and in a mouse model, "Tabby" (Ta). The gene encodes ectodysplasin, a TNF ligand family member that activates the NF-kappaB-signaling pathway, but downstream targets and the mechanism of skin appendage formation have been only partially analyzed. Comparative transcription profiling of embryonic skin during hair follicle development in WT and Ta mice identified critical anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) effectors in four pathways, three already implicated in follicle formation. They included Shh and its effectors, as well as antagonists for the Wnt (Dkk4) and BMP (Sostdc1) pathways. The fourth pathway was unexpected, a variant NF-kappaB-signaling cascade based on lymphotoxin-beta (LTbeta)/RelB. Previously known to participate only in lymphoid organogenesis, LTbeta was enriched in developing hair follicles of WT but not in Ta mice. Furthermore, in mice lacking LTbeta, all three types of mouse hair were still formed, but all were structurally abnormal. Guard hairs became wavy and irregular, zigzag/auchen hairs lost their kinks, and in a phenocopy of features of Ta animals, the awl hairs doubled in number and were characteristically distorted and pinched. LTbeta-null mice that received WT bone marrow transplants maintained mutant hair phenotypes, consistent with autonomous LTbeta action in skin independent of its expression in lymphoid cells. Thus, as an EDA target, LTbeta regulates the form of hair in developing hair follicles; and when EDA is defective, failure of LTbeta activation can account for part of the Ta phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- *Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Tsuyoshi Hashimoto
- *Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Sergei I. Grivennikov
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Basic Research Program, SAIC–Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Yulan Piao
- *Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Basic Research Program, SAIC–Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702; and
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - David Schlessinger
- *Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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35
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Abstract
Mutations in ectodysplasin-A (EDA) cause loss of hair, sweat glands, and teeth in man and mouse. Isoform EDA-A1 protein shows partial rescue of the affected Tabby mouse phenotypes, suggesting that other isoforms may be required for full function. We describe genomic structure for five EDA isoforms, EDA-A1', A5, A5', A6, and A6', in addition to the previously known EDA-A1, A2, A3, and A4. The novel isoforms together account for approximately 12% of total EDA transcripts. The most different, EDA-A6 and A6', which lack the critical domain for interaction with NF-kappaB-activating receptors, were nevertheless confirmed to be present in mouse and human skin tissue. Other isoforms, EDA-A5 and A5', for example, activated NF-kappaB through receptors EDAR and XEDAR. These properties make new isoforms candidates for modulators of EDA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Genetics, NIH/National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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36
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Cui CY, Smith JA, Schlessinger D, Chan CC. X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia disruption yields a mouse model for ocular surface disease and resultant blindness. Am J Pathol 2005; 167:89-95. [PMID: 15972955 PMCID: PMC1603450 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
X-linked anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) is caused by mutations in the (EDA) gene, which is required for the morphogenesis of ectoderm-derived tissues. Although EDA function in skin appendage development has been studied in Eda mutant "Tabby" mice, we have recently identified characteristic abnormalities in the ocular surface, an ectoderm-derived tissue. Histology of eyes of Tabby males revealed that 1) as previously reported, mice lacked meibomian glands; 2) >80% developed corneal lesions such as neovascularization, keratitis, ulceration, and keratinization identifiable from 9 weeks of age; and 3) > 80% showed ocular surface inflammation (blepharitis and conjunctivitis) when housed in a standard environment. Strikingly, both corneal defects and inflammation were prevented in Tabby mice bearing a transgene for the Eda-A1 isoform, but meibomian glands were restored little if at all. These findings suggest that intact ocular surface health is EDA dependent and that Tabby corneal abnormalities are not solely dependent on meibomian gland lipid secretion. Alternatively, susceptibility to inflammation and other phenotypes could result from failure of the usual EDA receptor to activate nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factors. This can be further tested in Tabby and Tabby-EDA transgenic mice, which provide unique models of severe ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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37
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Cui CY, Durmowicz M, Ottolenghi C, Hashimoto T, Griggs B, Srivastava AK, Schlessinger D. Inducible mEDA-A1 transgene mediates sebaceous gland hyperplasia and differential formation of two types of mouse hair follicles. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12:2931-40. [PMID: 14506134 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
EDA splice isoforms EDA-A1 and EDA-A2 belong to the TNF ligand family and regulate skin appendage formation by activating NF-kappa B- and JNK- promoted transcription. To analyze their action further, we conditionally expressed the isoforms as tetracycline ('Tet')-regulated transgenes in Tabby (EDA-negative) and wild-type mice. Expression of only the mEDA-A1 transgene had two types of effects during embryogenesis: (1) determinative effects on sweat glands and hair follicles. In Tabby mice, one type of hair follicle ('guard hair') was restored, whereas a second type, the dominant undercoat hair follicle ('zigzag') was not; furthermore, the transgene sharply suppressed zigzag hair formation in wild-type mice, with the overall numbers of back hair follicles remaining the same; and (2) trophic effects on sebaceous and Meibomian glands. Marked hyperplasia resulted from expansion of the sebocyte-producing zone in sebaceous glands, with particularly high expression of the transgene and the replication marker PCNA, and correspondingly high production of sebum. The phenotypic effects of mEDA-A1 on sebaceous glands, but not on hair follicles, were reversed when the gene was repressed in adult animals. The results thus reveal both initiating and trophic isoform-specific effects of the EDA gene, and suggest a possible balance of isoform interactions in skin appendage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Cui CY, Durmowicz M, Tanaka TS, Hartung AJ, Tezuka T, Hashimoto K, Ko MSH, Srivastava AK, Schlessinger D. EDA targets revealed by skin gene expression profiles of wild-type, Tabby and Tabby EDA-A1 transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11:1763-73. [PMID: 12095918 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/11.15.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the EDA gene cause anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA), with lesions in skin appendage formation. To begin to analyze EDA pathways, we have used expression profiling on 15,000-gene mouse cDNA microarrays, comparing adult mouse skin from wild-type, EDA-defective (Tabby) mice, and Tabby mice supplemented with the EDA-A1 isoform, which is sufficient to rescue multiple Tabby phenotypes. Given the sensitivity of the current microarray system, 8500 genes (60%) were estimated to be expressed, including transcription factors and growth-regulatory genes that had not previously been identified in skin; but only 24 (0.16%), one-third of them novel, showed significant differences between wild type and Tabby. An additional eight genes not included in the 15,000 gene set were shown to have expression differences by real-time RT-PCR. Sixteen of 32 affected genes were restored significantly toward wild-type levels in EDA-A1 transgenic Tabby mice. Significant up-regulation in Tabby skin was observed for several dermal matrix genes, including Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1 and SPARC: In contrast, down-regulation occurred for the NEMO/NF-kappa B pathway, already implicated in skin appendage formation, and even more markedly for a second pathway, JNK/c-jun/c-fos and their target genes, that has not previously been clearly associated with skin development. These data are consistent with the regulation of the NF-kappa B pathway by EDA, and support its involvement in the regulation of the JNK pathway as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Srivastava AK, Durmowicz MC, Hartung AJ, Hudson J, Ouzts LV, Donovan DM, Cui CY, Schlessinger D. Ectodysplasin-A1 is sufficient to rescue both hair growth and sweat glands in Tabby mice. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:2973-81. [PMID: 11751679 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.26.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human ectodysplasin-A (EDA) are responsible for the most common form of the ectodermal dysplasia and the defective orthologous gene in mice produces the tabby phenotype, suggesting its vital role in the development of hair, sweat glands and teeth. Among several EDA splice isoforms, the most common and the longest EDA splice isoforms, EDA-A1 and EDA-A2, differing by only two amino acids, activate NF-kappaB-promoted transcription by binding to distinct receptors, EDAR and XEDAR. The extent to which any particular isoform is sufficient for the formation of hair, sweat glands or teeth has remained unclear. Here we report that transgenic expression of the mouse EDA-A1 isoform in tabby (EDA-less) males rescued development of several skin appendages. The transgenic tabby mice showed almost complete restoration of hair growth, dermal ridges, sweat glands and molars. The number of hair follicles in the transgenic mice is the same as in wild-type; though the development of follicles and associated glands varies from indistinguishable from wild-type to smaller and/or only partially formed. These results suggest that the other EDA isoforms may not be absolutely required for skin appendage formation, but consistent with distinctive temporal and spatial expression of the EDA-A2 isoform, are likely required for appropriate timing and completeness of development. Our data provide the first direct physiological evidence that EDA-A1 is a key regulator of hair follicle and sweat gland initiation; its soluble ligand form could aid in deriving therapeutic reagents for conditions affecting hair and sweat gland formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Srivastava
- J. C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
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Mori Y, Hashimoto K, Tanaka K, Cui CY, Mehregan DR, Stiff MA. A study of apoptosis in Merkel cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, DNA ladder, and TUNEL labeling study. Am J Dermatopathol 2001; 23:16-23. [PMID: 11176047 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200102000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and DNA ladder studies of apoptosis in nine cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). None of the cases showed spontaneous regression as has been reported in several MCCs. Neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (8/8 MCCs), and staining for cytokeratin 20 was positive (2/8 MCCs). Ultrastructural examination revealed many cytoplasmic dense-cored granules, desmosome-like structures, and intermediate filaments. The granules were seen along the plasma membrane or around perinuclear centrioles. We found various stages of development of apoptotic bodies. Apoptosis resulted in vacuolization and fragmentation of nuclei and phagocytosed bodies in tumor cells. Apoptotic cells were also detected by TUNEL, DNA ladder, and immunostaining using the antibody against Fas (Apo- 1/CD95) antigen. It seems that a high apoptotic rate is a common finding in MCC, although spontaneous regression is an exceedingly rare event. It is thus unlikely that apoptosis alone would explain spontaneous regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mori
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Abstract
Interaction of CD95 ligand with its cognate receptor CD95 induces apoptotic cell death. Alterations in this pathway within tumor cells can result in escape from apoptosis and from immune surveillance. Melanoma cells recently were found to escape an immune attack via high expression of CD95 ligand, thereby inducing apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes. When screening four human melanoma cell lines for expression of CD95 and CD95 ligand, respectively, an inverse correlation was found, i.e., cells expressing high levels for CD95 ligand (CD95L(high)) were almost negative for CD95 and vice versa. Since coexpression of CD95 and CD95 ligand may lead to apoptosis by autocrine suicide or fratricide, it was tested whether overexpression of CD95 in CD95L(high) melanoma cells results in apoptotic cell death. Upon transfection with a cytomegalovirus-promoter-driven expression vector encoding the CD95 gene, CD95L(high) melanoma cells underwent apoptosis at a much higher level than CD95L(low) melanoma cells. Apoptosis appeared to be due to the activation of CD95 as cell death was inhibited by cotransfection with a dominant negative mutant for the CD95 signaling protein, Fas-associated protein with death domain. Tumor progression of CD95L(high) melanoma cells transplanted into nude mice was significantly reduced when recipient animals were injected with liposomes containing the CD95 expression vector. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining, in vivo transfected tumor cells expressed CD95 and underwent apoptotic cell death. Hence, this study indicates that delivery of the CD95 gene inhibits tumor growth in vivo and thus might be a therapeutic strategy to treat tumor cells that express high levels of CD95 ligand. J Invest Dermatol 115:1008-1014 2000
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aragane
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Cui CY, Aragane Y, Maeda A, Piao YL, Takahashi M, Kim LH, Tezuka T. Bikunin, a serine protease inhibitor, is present on the cell boundary of epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 113:182-8. [PMID: 10469301 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bikunin, which is an inhibitor of serine proteases, is widely distributed in human tissues, including liver, kidney, and mucous membranes of the stomach and colon. The aim of this study was to clarify whether bikunin is expressed in human epidermis and its appendages. Immunoblot analysis using a specific polyclonal antibody to bikunin revealed that a single 43 kDa protein is present in the cell lysate from the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Immunohistochemically, dotted reaction products stained with anti-bikunin antibody were localized on the cell boundary in both basal and spinous cell layers, except on the cell boundary of the basal cells facing the basal membrane. There were no reaction products in the granular-horny cell layers. Reaction products stained with anti-bikunin antibody were also observed on the hair bulb cells and eccrine sweat gland cells, but not on apocrine sweat glands. Also, reaction products were observed on the luminal surface of the renal proximal tubules and in the cytoplasm of these cells. In immunoelectron microscopy, gold particles were observed on the cell membranes close to the desmosomal structures. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and northern blot analyses showed that mRNA specific for bikunin was expressed in HaCaT cells and human epidermal keratinocytes obtained from suction blisters, and was contained in a commercially available human keratinocyte cDNA preparation. These findings indicate that bikunin is expressed in keratinocytes and may play an important part in regulating keratinocytes in either mitosis or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Yotsumoto S, Shimada T, Cui CY, Nakashima H, Fujiwara H, Ko MS. Expression of adrenomedullin, a hypotensive peptide, in the trophoblast giant cells at the embryo implantation site in mouse. Dev Biol 1998; 203:264-75. [PMID: 9808778 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.9073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a newly discovered hypotensive peptide which is believed to play an important role for blood pressure control in the adult. Although it has been well established that a major production site of AM is vascular endothelial cells, we now show that AM is most highly expressed in trophoblast giant cells, which are derived from the conceptus and are directly in contact with maternal tissues at the implantation site. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses show that the AM mRNA begins to be detected just after implantation and its level peaks at 9.5 days postconception (d.p.c.) in those cells. Expression then falls dramatically after 10.5 d.p.c., coincident with the completion of the mature chorioallantoic placenta. Immunohistochemical analyses show that the AM peptide is secreted from the trophoblast giant cells into the surrounding tissues, i.e., embryo, decidua, and maternal circulation. In contrast, the expression of an AM receptor was not detected by Northern blot analyses in either embryo or trophoblast giant cells at 7 d.p.c., when the AM gene is most highly expressed in the trophoblast giant cells. This suggests that the AM produced and secreted from the embryo's trophoblast giant cells acts on the maternal tissues rather than on the embryonic tissues. Based on these results, we propose that the high production of AM may be the mechanism by which the embryos survive at the early postimplantation period by pooling maternal blood in the implantation site in order to secure nutrition and oxygen before the establishment of efficient embryo-maternal circulation through the mature placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yotsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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Abstract
Because it has been suggested that the majority of the activity hydrolysing [N-methyl-14C] sphingomyelin is due to sphingomyelin acylase in the lesional skins of atopic dermatitis (AD), in this study we used immunologic techniques to localize and quantitate sphingomyelinase in AD lesional and normal skin. A polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic polypeptide corresponding to a portion of the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA of human acid sphingomyelinase, cross-reacted with a 58 kDa, pI 5.8 human epidermal protein in an immunoblot analysis. The 58 kDa protein-rich fraction, partially purified by immunoprecipitation, converted [N-methyl-14C]-sphingomyelin to 14C-phosphorylcholine and ceramides. The reaction products were immunohistochemically observed in the intercellular domain from the upper spinous cell layer to the upper stratum corneum cell layers in the lesional skin of AD patients. Immunoelectron-microscopically, gold particles appeared to be concentrated in the intercellular domains of the granular-upper stratum corneum cells in the lesional skin of AD patients. The total amount of the 58 kDa protein in a 7 mm2 area of the skin was measured by quantitative immunoblot analysis; and was slightly increased in the lesional skin samples [3.5 +/- 0.3 microg per 7 mm2 (n = 7)], as compared with the nonlesional skin samples of AD patients [2.8 +/- 0.19 microg per 7 mm2 (n = 10)] and with the normal skin samples [2.7 +/- 0.22 microg per 7 mm2 (n = 10)]. This difference (between the lesional skin of AD and the nonlesional skin of AD or the normal control) was significant (nonpaired student's t test, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kusuda
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
In the skin of atopic dermatitis patients, the amount of ceramides in the stratum corneum is decreased. Although the cause of this decrease may be due to the higher activity of acylase, a decrease in the activity of sphingolipid activator proteins may also be the cause. A polyclonal antibody to saposin D, elicited by immunizing rabbits with the synthetic polypeptide from cDNA of saposin D, cross-reacted with a single 65-kDa epidermal protein of pI 5.6 in a 2-dimensional immunoblot study, suggesting that it was prosaposin, the precursor protein of saposin D, from its molecular weight and demonstrating its immunohistochemical localization in the innermost cell layers of the stratum corneum of the skin. The antigenic material was also observed in the epithelium of the esophagus, pneumocytes of the lungs, hepatocytes, and glandular cells of the stomach. Immunoelectron microscopy showed the antigenic material in the cytoplasm of the granular cells and the intercellular spaces, either between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum or on the stratum corneum cell envelope. By ELISA, the amount of the 65-kDa protein in the inner surface skin of the upper arm of atopic dermatitis patients (nonlesional skin) [4.1 +/- 2.0 microg per 7 mm2 (mean +/- SD), n = 10] was found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) to 66% of that in the normal control (6.2 +/- 1.5 microg per 7 mm2, n = 10). Therefore, the suppression of prosaposin synthesis may be related to the abnormal stratum corneum formation in atopic skin through lower activation of glucosylcerebrosidase or sphingomyelinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
The casein digestible proteases in human plantar stratum corneum were determined to be about 75-kDa, 30-kDa and 25-kDa in molecular weight by zymography. The enzymatic activity of the 75-kDa and 25-kDa proteases was specifically inhibited by chymostatin, which is an inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, and the proteases around 30-kDa were inhibited by leupeptin, a trypsin-like serine protease inhibitor. The enzymatic activity of all these proteases was inhibited by aprotinin. The 30-kDa trypsin-like proteases were heat-stable; their enzymatic activity still remained even after heating at 100 degrees C for 60 minutes. Their optimal pH was around 9, and the activity was higher in the outer part of the stratum corneum than in the inner part.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
The amounts of the epidermal proteins filaggrin, involucrin, cystatin A and Ted-H-1 antigen produced during the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes were immunohistochemically measured in lesional and nonlesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. In addition, the amount of filaggrin in the skin of the inner surface of the upper arm of AD patients (nonlesional skin) and normal controls, obtained by punch biopsy, was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The immunohistochemical study showed that all four proteins were decreased in lesional skin. By contrast, only filaggrin was decreased in nonlesional skin of AD patients. The ELISA showed that the amount of filaggrin in the skin of the inner surface of the upper arm was 2.48 +/- 0.45 microgram/7 mm2 (n = 8) in AD patients, which was 32% of that in the normal controls (7.7 +/- 0.55 microgram/7 mm2; n = 4). This decrease in filaggrin production in atopic skin may be one of the reasons why atopic skin can easily become dry, because filaggrin is thought to be the precursor protein of the emollient factors in the stratum corneum. The evidence that only the expression of filaggrin was suppressed in AD patients, though the genes of filaggrin and involucrin are localized to a very restricted portion of the same gene 1q21, indicates that the filaggrin gene does not share regulatory elements with the involucrin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Wen YM, Zhang GQ, Fang QD, Zhang YT, Wang XY, Cui CY, Zhao TD, Xu BN. Location of myocardial infarction and its surface cardioelectric representation. An experimental study. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991; 104:914-9. [PMID: 1800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the relationship between the different location of myocardial infarction (MI) and reflections of pathognomonic Q potentials on the body surface, an experimental study was carried out in 28 dogs. The results were (1) in 27 of a total 28 dogs after MI formation, abnormal Q maps appeared; (2) right ventricular MI, posterior wall MI and some lateral and apical MI are prone to miss abnormal Q potentials in the conventional 12-lead ECG; and (3) the MI location and relative size diagnosed through electrocardiographic peak mapping (EPM) correlated to acute MI in dog ventricles fairly well. The unexpected Q map reflections of right ventricular MI provide new clues for improving our automatic diagnosis system after further correlative studies. The results strongly support the feasibility of the application of EPM in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wen
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
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