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Park JH, Kim TS, Jo HJ, Lee CM, Lee M, Kang CK, Choe PG, Park WB, Kim NJ. Reduction of blood culture contamination rates through simplified personal protective equipment in COVID-19 patient care setting. J Hosp Infect 2024:S0195-6701(24)00033-1. [PMID: 38309667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chang E, Im D, Lee HY, Lee M, Lee CM, Kang CK, Park WB, Kim NJ, Choe PG, Oh M. Impact of discontinuing isolation in a private room for patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) on the incidence of healthcare-associated VRE bacteraemia in a hospital with a predominantly shared-room setting. J Hosp Infect 2023; 132:1-7. [PMID: 36473555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolating patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a private room or cohort room to prevent hospital transmission is controversial. AIM To evaluate the effect of a relaxed isolation policy for VRE-infected or colonized patients on healthcare-associated (HA) VRE bacteraemia in an acute care hospital with a predominantly shared-room setting. METHODS The incidence of HA VRE bacteraemia was compared during a private isolation era (October 2014-September 2017), a cohort isolation era (October 2017-June 2020), and a no isolation era (July 2020-June 2022). Using Poisson regression modelling, an interrupted time-series analysis was conducted to analyse level changes and trends in incidences of HA VRE bacteraemia for each era. FINDINGS The proportion of VRE-infected or -colonized patients staying in shared rooms increased from 18.3% in the private isolation era to 82.6% in the no isolation era (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidences of HA VRE bacteraemia between the private isolation era and the cohort isolation era (relative risk: 1.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.98; P = 0.977) or between the cohort isolation era and the no isolation era (0.99; 0.77-1.26; P = 0.903). In addition, there was no significant slope increase in the incidence of HA VRE bacteraemia between any of the eras. CONCLUSION In a hospital with predominantly shared rooms, the relaxation of isolation policy did not result in increased HA VRE bacteraemia, when other infection control measures were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Im
- Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W B Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung J, Choe PG, Choi S, Kim E, Lee HY, Kang CK, Lee J, Park WB, Lee S, Kim NJ, Choi EH, Oh M. Reduction in the acquisition rate of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) after room privatization in an intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2021; 121:14-21. [PMID: 34929231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). AIM To evaluate the effect of room privatization in an ICU on the acquisition of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). METHODS Between March and August 2017, a medical ICU was renovated from a multibed bay room to single rooms. Acquisition of CRAB was compared between patients admitted to the ICU over 18 months pre-renovation (September 2015 to February 2017) and post-renovation (September 2017 to February 2019). A Cox proportional hazard model was used with adjustment for demographics and comorbidities. FINDINGS Of the 901 patients, who contributed 8,276 patient-days, 95 (10.5%) acquired CRAB during their ICU stay. The CRAB acquisition rate was significantly higher during the pre-renovation period (1.87 per 100 patient-days) than during the post-renovation period (0.39 per 100 patient-days) (P < 0.001). In the multivariable Cox regression model, CRAB acquisition was significantly associated with the presence of a feeding tube (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 6.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.46-15.06; P < 0.001), continuous renal replacement therapy (aHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.09-2.53; P = 0.019) and admission after renovation of the ICU to single rooms (aHR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.12-0.41; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Renovation of ICUs to single rooms is an efficient strategy to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms and hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Choi
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Kim
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W B Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E H Choi
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Akuna EA, Asemota IA, Elbermawy ME, Almani UA, Soon-Shiong RS, Kang CK, Bharosa BS, Usman MU, Li LL, Vij AV. Comparison of outcomes between imaging guided versus angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome: insights from the national inpatient sample. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Coronary intravascular imaging allows visualization and characterization of vessel wall. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography has optimized stent deployment techniques, reduced periprocedural outcomes and reduced long-term major cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate the outcomes of imaging guided to conventional angiography guided PCI with reference to in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charge.
Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the 2016–2017 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) which is the largest collection of inpatient hospitalization data in the United States. Patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent PCI with and without intravascular imaging was determined using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision codes. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality while secondary outcomes are showed in table 1. STATA software was used for the analysis. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to adjust for confounders.
Results
There were over 71 million hospital discharges in the combined 2016 and 2017 NIS database. Admission for ACS in adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent PCI yielded 622,855 results. Among this group, 27, 520 (4.4%) had imaging guided PCI while 595,335 (95.6%) had PCI without imaging.
Patients with imaging guided PCI had lower inpatient mortality (3.2% vs 2.3%, AOR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.60–0.90, p=0.004) compared to PCI with angiographic data alone. Imaging guided PCI had an adjusted increased mean LOS of 0.16 days (3.8 vs 3.7 days, CI: 006–0.26, p=0.002) with an adjusted increased mean total hospital charge of $13, 206 ($120,203 vs $104,916, p= <0.0001).
Conclusion
Patients hospitalized for ACS who had imaging guided PCI had reduced inpatient hospital mortality compared to those who had PCI without imaging guidance. Overall utilization of imaging was less than 5% in 2016–2017, however it is expected to be higher in recent years with improvements in clinical practice, training and available scientific evidence.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Akuna
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - I A Asemota
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - M E Elbermawy
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - U A Almani
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - R S Soon-Shiong
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - C K Kang
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - B S Bharosa
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - M U Usman
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - L L Li
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - A V Vij
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Internal Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
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Kim JH, Kim I, Kang CK, Jun KI, Yoo SH, Chun JY, Jung J, Kim YJ, Kim DY, Jo HB, Kim DY, Koh Y, Shin DY, Hong J, Kim NJ, Yoon SS, Kim TS, Park WB, Oh MD. Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship based on rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:69-75. [PMID: 32272171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) based on microscopic imaging analysis has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) based on rapid phenotypic AST can increase the proportion of patients with haematological malignancies who receive optimal targeted antibiotics during early periods of bacteraemia. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with haematological malignancies and at least one positive blood culture. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to conventional (n = 60) or rapid phenotypic (n = 56) AST. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving optimal targeted antibiotics 72 hr after blood collection for culture. RESULTS The percentage receiving optimal targeted antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly higher in the rapid phenotypic AST group (45/56, 80.4%) than in conventional AST group (34/60, 56.7%) (relative risk (RR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.83). The percentage receiving unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly lower (7/26, 12.5% vs 18/60, 30.0%; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92) and the mean time to optimal targeted antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter (38.1, standard deviation (SD) 38.2 vs 72.8, SD 93.0 hr; p < 0.001) in the rapid phenotypic AST group. The mean time from blood collection to the AST result was significantly shorter in the rapid phenotypic AST group (48.3, SD 17.6 vs 83.1, SD 22.2 hr). DISCUSSION ASP based on rapid phenotypic AST can rapidly optimize antibiotic treatment for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy. Rapid phenotypic AST can improve antimicrobial stewardship in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Kim
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-I Jun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Yoo
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Chun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Jo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Koh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Shin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Hong
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-S Yoon
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M-D Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang WK, Hsu AD, Kang CK, Lai IP, Liao PS, Lee TH. Intestinal FXYD12 and sodium-potassium ATPase: A comparative study on two euryhaline medakas in response to salinity changes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201252. [PMID: 30052675 PMCID: PMC6063443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FXYD proteins are the regulators of sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase, NKA). In teleosts, NKA is a primary driving force for the operation of many ion transport systems in the osmoregulatory organs (e.g. intestines). Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression of FXYD proteins and NKA α-subunit in the intestines of two closely related medakas (Oryzias dancena and O. latipes), which came from different salinity habitats and have diverse osmoregulatory capabilities, to illustrate the association between NKA and FXYD proteins of two medaka species in response to salinity changes. The results showed that the fxyd12 mRNA was the most predominant in the intestines of both medakas. The association of FXYD12 and NKA in the intestines of the two medaka species was demonstrated via double immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation. Upon salinity challenge, the localization of FXYD12 and NKA was similar in the intestines of the two medaka species. However, the expression profiles of intestinal FXYD12 and NKA (mRNA and protein levels), as well as NKA activity differed between the medakas. These results showed that FXYD12 may play a role in modulating NKA activity in the intestines of the two medakas following salinity changes in the maintenance of internal homeostasis. These findings contributed to knowledge of the expression and potential role of vertebrate FXYD12, the regulators of NKA, upon salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Di Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Pochou Lai
- National Taichung First Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shao Liao
- National Taichung First Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kang CK, Kim YK, Jung SI, Park WB, Song KH, Park KH, Choe PG, Jang HC, Lee S, Kim YS, Kwak YG, Kwon KT, Kiem S, Kim CJ, Kim ES, Kim HB. agr functionality affects clinical outcomes in patients with persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017. [PMID: 28639163 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB) often persists despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. It is unclear what microbiological factors contribute to poor clinical outcomes in persistent MRSAB (pMRSAB). We aimed to identify clinical and microbiological risk factors for in-hospital mortality in pMRSAB. We analysed MRSAB cases prospectively collected between 2009 and 2016 at 11 hospitals in Korea, defining cases of pMRSAB as MRSAB lasting ≥5 days despite administration of effective antibiotics. The first blood isolates from the pMRSAB cases were tested for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type, staphylococcal protein A type, accessary gene regulator (agr) type, genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and phenol-soluble modulin-mec, vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration, vancomycin heteroresistance, and agr functionality. We also collected clinical information for each case. Of 960 MRSAB cases, 152 pMRSAB were finally eligible. Univariable analysis revealed that in-hospital mortality was significantly associated with Charlson's comorbidity-weighted index (CCWI) score, Pitt bacteremia score, sequential organ failure assessment score, presentation with septic shock, pneumonia, agr dysfunction, and vancomycin heteroresistance. Bone and joint infections were negatively associated with in-hospital mortality. Multivariable analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality: CCWI score [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), per one point, 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.44; P = 0.003), Pitt bacteremia score (aOR, per one point, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09-1.62; P = 0.005), non-eradicated foci of infection (aOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.18-8.27; P = 0.022), and agr dysfunction (aOR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.12-5.47; P = 0.025). agr dysfunction is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in pMRSAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kang
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - S-I Jung
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - W B Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-H Song
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-H Park
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - P G Choe
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H-C Jang
- Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Y-S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, South Korea
| | - Y G Kwak
- Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - K T Kwon
- Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S Kiem
- Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - C-J Kim
- Ehwa Women's University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea. .,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - H B Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Juo JJ, Kang CK, Yang WK, Yang SY, Lee TH. A Stenohaline Medaka, Oryzias woworae, Increases Expression of Gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) Cotransporter 1 to Tolerate Osmotic Stress. Zoolog Sci 2017; 33:414-25. [PMID: 27498801 DOI: 10.2108/zs150157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the osmoregulatory mechanism of Daisy's medaka, O. woworae,as well as demonstrate the major factors affecting the hypo-osmoregulatory characteristics of euryhaline and stenohaline medaka. The medaka phylogenetic tree indicates that Daisy's medaka belongs to the celebensis species group. The salinity tolerance of Daisy's medaka was assessed. Our findings revealed that 20‰ (hypertonic) saltwater (SW) was lethal to Daisy's medaka. However, 62.5% of individuals survived 10‰ (isotonic) SW with pre-acclimation to 5‰ SW for one week. This transfer regime, "Experimental (Exp.) 10‰ SW", was used in the following experiments. After 10‰ SW-transfer, the plasma osmolality of Daisy's medaka significantly increased. The protein abundance and distribution of branchial Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) and Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) were also examined after transfer to 10‰ SW for one week. Gill NKA activity increased significantly after transfer to 10‰ SW. Meanwhile, elevation of gill NKA αα-subunit protein-abundance was found in the 10‰ SW-acclimated fish. In gill cross-sections, more and larger NKA-immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were observed in the Exp. 10‰ SW medaka. The relative abundance of branchial NKCC1 protein increased significantly after transfer to 10‰ SW. NKCC1 was distributed in the basolateral membrane of NKA-IR cells of the Exp. 10‰ SW group. Furthermore, a higher abundance of NKCC1 protein was found in the gill homogenates of the euryhaline medaka, O. dancena, than in that of the stenohaline medaka, O. woworae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Jang Juo
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,† JJJ, CKK, and WKY contributed equally to this paper
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- 2 Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 709, Taiwan.,† JJJ, CKK, and WKY contributed equally to this paper
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,† JJJ, CKK, and WKY contributed equally to this paper
| | - Shu-Yuan Yang
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,3 Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University,Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Yang SH, Tsai JD, Kang CK, Yang WK, Kung HN, Lee TH. The ultrastructural characterization of mitochondria-rich cells as a response to variations in salinity in two types of teleostean pseudobranch: milkfish (Chanos chanos) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). J Morphol 2017; 278:390-402. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hui Yang
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine; Chung-Shan Medical University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics; Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 709 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University; Taichung 433 Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei 100 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
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Kang CK, Lin CS, Hu YC, Tsai SC, Lee TH. The expression of VILL protein is hypoosmotic-dependent in the lamellar gill ionocytes of Otocephala teleost fish, Chanos chanos. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Yang WK, Kang CK, Hsu AD, Lin CH, Lee TH. Different Modulatory Mechanisms of Renal FXYD12 for Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase between Two Closely Related Medakas upon Salinity Challenge. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:730-45. [PMID: 27194950 PMCID: PMC4870716 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon salinity challenge, the Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) of fish kidney plays a crucial role in maintaining ion and water balance. Moreover, the FXYD protein family was found to be a regulator of NKA. Our preliminary results revealed that fxyd12 was highly expressed in the kidneys of the two closely related euryhaline medaka species (Oryzias dancena and O. latipes) from different natural habitats (brackish water and fresh water). In this study, we investigated the expression and association of renal FXYD12 and NKA α-subunit as well as potential functions of FXYD12 in the two medakas. These findings illustrated and compared the regulatory roles of FXYD12 for NKA in kidneys of the two medakas in response to salinity changes. In this study, at the mRNA and/or protein level, the expression patterns were similar for renal FXYD12 and NKA in the two medakas. However, different patterns of NKA activities and different interaction levels between FXYD12 and NKA were found in the kidneys of these two medakas. The results revealed that different strategies were used in the kidneys of the two medaka species upon salinity challenge. On the other hand, gene knockdown experiments demonstrated that the function of O. dancena FXYD12 allowed maintenance of a high level of NKA activity. The results of the present study indicated that the kidneys of the examined euryhaline medakas originating from brackish water and fresh water exhibited different modulatory mechanisms through which renal FXYD12 enhanced NKA activity to maintain internal homeostasis. Our findings broadened the knowledge of expression and functions of FXYD proteins, the modulators of NKA, in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- 2. Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 709, Taiwan
| | - An-Di Hsu
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- 3. National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.; 4. Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Chang CH, Yang WK, Lin CH, Kang CK, Tang CH, Lee TH. FXYD11 mediated modulation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity in gills of the brackish medaka (Oryzias dancena) when transferred to hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic environments. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 194:19-26. [PMID: 26797570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
FXYD proteins regulate Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA), which is a primary active pump that provides the driving force that triggers osmoregulatory systems in teleosts. To explore the regulatory mechanisms between FXYD and NKA in euryhaline teleosts, the expression of NKA (mRNA, protein, and activity) and FXYD11 and their interaction were examined in the gills of brackish medaka (Oryzias dancena) when transferred from brackish water (BW; 15‰) to fresh water (FW) or seawater (SW; 35‰). The mRNA expression of Odfxyd11 and Odnka-α was elevated 48h post-hypoosmotic transfer. Moreover, FXYD11 protein and NKA activity were upregulated 12h after transfer to FW. When transferred to SW, the protein abundance of FXYD11 and the NKA α-subunit did not show apparent changes, while Odfxyd11 and Odnka-α mRNA expression and NKA activity increased significantly 12h and 1h post-transfer, respectively. To clarify the FXYD11 mechanisms involved in modulating NKA activity via their interaction, co-immunoprecipitation was further applied to O. dancena gills. The results revealed that the levels of protein-protein interaction between branchial NKA and FXYD11 increased acutely 12h after the transfer from BW to FW. However, immediate upregulation of NKA activity 1h following post-exposure to SW, without the elevation of protein-protein interaction levels, was found. Hence, branchial NKA activity of O. dancena was suggested to be rapidly regulated by FXYD11 interaction with NKA when acclimated to hypoosmotic environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on the efficacy of interactions between FXYD11 and NKA in the gills of euryhaline teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- National Institute for Basic Biology, NINS, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0864, Japan
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 709, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Hu YC, Kang CK, Tang CH, Lee TH. Transcriptomic Analysis of Metabolic Pathways in Milkfish That Respond to Salinity and Temperature Changes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134959. [PMID: 26263550 PMCID: PMC4532362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Milkfish (Chanos chanos), an important marine aquaculture species in southern Taiwan, show considerable euryhalinity but have low tolerance to sudden drops in water temperatures in winter. Here, we used high throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify molecular and biological processes involved in the responses to environmental changes. Preliminary tests revealed that seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish tolerated lower temperatures than the fresh water (FW)-acclimated group. Although FW- and SW-acclimated milkfish have different levels of tolerance for hypothermal stress, to date, the molecular physiological basis of this difference has not been elucidated. Here, we performed a next-generation sequence analysis of mRNAs from four groups of milkfish. We obtained 29669 unigenes with an average length of approximately 1936 base pairs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed after gene annotation. A large number of genes for molecular regulation were identified through a transcriptomic comparison in a KEGG analysis. Basal metabolic pathways involved in hypothermal tolerance, such as glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, were analyzed using PathVisio and Cytoscape software. Our results indicate that in response to hypothermal stress, genes for oxidative phosphorylation, e.g., succinate dehydrogenase, were more highly up-regulated in SW than FW fish. Moreover, SW and FW milkfish used different strategies when exposed to hypothermal stress: SW milkfish up-regulated oxidative phosphorylation and catabolism genes to produce more energy budget, whereas FW milkfish down-regulated genes related to basal metabolism to reduce energy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Chung Hu
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HT); (T-HL)
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HT); (T-HL)
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Yang SH, Kang CK, Kung HN, Lee TH. The lamellae-free-type pseudobranch of the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos) is a Na+, K+-ATPase-abundant organ involved in hypoosmoregulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 170:15-25. [PMID: 24389090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kang CK, Yang WK, Lin ST, Liu CC, Lin HM, Chen HH, Cheng CW, Lee TH, Hwang PP. The acute and regulatory phases of time-course changes in gill mitochondrion-rich cells of seawater-acclimated medaka (Oryzias dancena) when exposed to hypoosmotic environments. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:181-91. [PMID: 22960413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent model showed that seawater (SW) mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells with hole-type apical openings secrete Cl(-) through the transporters including the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA), Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The present study focused on the dynamic elimination of the Cl(-) secretory capacity and illustrated different phases (i.e., acute and regulatory phases) of branchial MR cells in response to hypoosmotic challenge. Time-course remodeling of the cell surfaces and the altered expressions of typical ion transporters were observed in the branchial MR cells of SW-acclimated brackish medaka (Oryzias dancena) when exposed to fresh water (FW). On the 1st day post-transfer, rapid changes were shown in the acute phase: the flat-type MR cells with large apical surfaces replaced the hole-type cells, the gene expression of both Odnkcc1a and Odcftr decreased, and the apical immunostaining signals of CFTR protein disappeared. The basolateral immunostaining signals of NKCC1a protein decreased throughout the regulatory phase (>1day post-transfer). During this period, the size and number of NKA-immunoreactive MR cells were significantly reduced and elevated, respectively. Branchial NKA expression and activity were maintained at constant levels in both phases. The results revealed that when SW-acclimated brackish medaka were transferred to hypoosmotic FW for 24h, the Cl(-) secretory capacity of MR cells was eliminated, whereas NKCC1a protein was retained to maintain the hypoosmoregulatory endurance of the gills. The time-course acute and regulatory phases of gill MR cells showed different strategies of the euryhaline medaka when subjected to hypoosmotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kai Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Kang CK, Liu FC, Chang WB, Lee TH. Effects of low environmental salinity on the cellular profiles and expression of Na+, K+-ATPase and Na+, K+, 2Cl- cotransporter 1 of branchial mitochondrion-rich cells in the juvenile marine fish Monodactylus argenteus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:665-678. [PMID: 21863333 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the osmoregulatory ability of a juvenile marine fish, silver moony (Monodactylus argenteus), for the purpose of developing a new experimental species for ecophysiological research. In this study, M. argenteus was acclimated to freshwater (FW), brackish water (BW), or seawater (SW). The salinity tolerance of this euryhaline species was effective, and the fish survived well upon osmotic challenges. The largest apical surface of mitochondrion-rich cells was found in the FW individuals. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments of the silver moony in all experimental groups. In addition to the filaments, NKA-IR cells were also found in the lamellae of the FW individuals. The number of NKA-IR cells in the gills of the FW individuals exceeded that of the BW and SW individuals. The NKA-IR cells of FW and SW individuals exhibited bigger size than that of BW fish. The NKA activities and protein expression of the NKA α-subunit in the gills of the FW individuals were significantly higher than in the BW and SW groups. Additionally, the relative amounts of Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) were salinity-dependent in the gills. Immunofluorescent signals of NKCC1 were localized to the basolateral membrane of NKA-IR cells in all groups. In the gills of the FW individuals, however, some NKA-IR cells did not exhibit a basolateral NKCC1 signal. In conclusion, the present study illustrated the osmoregulatory mechanisms of this easy- and economic-to-rear marine teleost with euryhaline capacity and proved the silver moony to be a good experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kai Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Yang WK, Kang CK, Chen TY, Chang WB, Lee TH. Salinity-dependent expression of the branchial Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter and Na+/K+-ATPase in the sailfin molly correlates with hypoosmoregulatory endurance. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 181:953-64. [PMID: 21445564 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kang CK, Lee TH. The Pharyngeal Organ in the Buccal Cavity of the Male Siamese Fighting Fish,Betta splendens, Supplies Mucus for Building Bubble Nests. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:861-6. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kang CK, Tsai HJ, Liu CC, Lee TH, Hwang PP. Salinity-dependent expression of a Na+, K+, 2Cl− cotransporter in gills of the brackish medaka Oryzias dancena: A molecular correlate for hyposmoregulatory endurance. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:7-18. [PMID: 20576485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kai Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Kang CK, Tsai SC, Lee TH, Hwang PP. Differential expression of branchial Na+/K(+)-ATPase of two medaka species, Oryzias latipes and Oryzias dancena, with different salinity tolerances acclimated to fresh water, brackish water and seawater. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 151:566-75. [PMID: 18692588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on non-diadromous euryhaline teleosts introduced a hypothesis that the lowest level of gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity occurs in the environments with salinity close to the primary natural habitats of the studied species. To provide more evidence of the hypothesis, two medaka species, Oryzias latipes and O. dancena, whose primary natural habitats are fresh water (FW) and brackish water (BW) environments, respectively, were compared from levels of mRNA to cells in this study. The plasma osmolalities of O. latipes and O. dancena were lowest in the FW individuals. The muscle water contents of O. latipes decreased with elevated external salinities, but were constant among FW-, BW-, and seawater (SW)-acclimated O. dancena. Expression of NKA, the primary driving force of ion transporters in gill ionocytes, revealed different patterns in the two Oryzias species. The highest NKA alpha-subunit mRNA abundances were found in the gills of the SW O. latipes and the FW O. dancena, respectively. The pattern of NKA activity and alpha-subunit protein abundance in the gills of O. latipes revealed that the FW group was the lowest, while the pattern in O. dancena revealed that the BW group was the lowest. Immunohistochemical staining showed similar profiles of NKA immunoreactive (NKIR) cell activities (NKIR cell numberxcell size) in the gills of these two species among FW, BW, and SW groups. Taken together, O. latipes exhibited better hyposmoregulatory ability, while O. dancena exhibited better hyperosmoregulatory ability. Our results corresponding to the hypothesis indicated that the lowest branchial NKA activities of these two medaka species were found in the environments with salinities similar to their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kai Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Cho ZH, Hwang SC, Wong EK, Son YD, Kang CK, Park TS, Bai SJ, Kim YB, Lee YB, Sung KK, Lee BH, Shepp LA, Min KT. Neural substrates, experimental evidences and functional hypothesis of acupuncture mechanisms. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 113:370-7. [PMID: 16674603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although acupuncture therapy has demonstrated itself to be effective in several clinical areas, the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in general and the analgesic effect in particular are, however, still not clearly delineated. We, therefore, have studied acupuncture analgesic effect through fMRI and proposed a hypothesis, based on the obtained result, which will enlighten the central role of the brain in acupuncture therapy. METHODS The proposed model, termed as a broad sense hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (BS-HPA) axis, was based on our observed neuroimaging results. The model incorporates the stress-induced HPA axis model together with neuro-immune interaction including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory model. RESULTS The obtained results coupled with accumulating evidence suggest that the central nervous system is essential for the processing of these effects via its modulation of the autonomic nervous system, neuroimmune system and hormonal regulation. CONCLUSIONS Based on our fMRI study, it appears that understanding the effects of acupuncture within a neuroscience-based framework is vital. Further, we have proposed the broad sense-HPA axis hypothesis which incorporates the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Cho
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Kang CK, Woodburn M, Pagenkopf A, Cheney R. Growth, sporulation, and germination of Clostridium perfringens in media of controlled water activity. Appl Microbiol 1969; 18:798-805. [PMID: 4313168 PMCID: PMC378091 DOI: 10.1128/am.18.5.798-805.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Requirements in terms of water activity (a(w)) for the growth, sporulation, and germination of Clostridium perfringens were determined. Strain A48 was used in all phases, and in addition either NCTC 8239 or NCTC 8797 was used for growth, sporulation, and germination studies. The desired a(w) of the test media was obtained by the addition of one of three solutes: glycerol, sucrose, or sodium chloride. The freezing point depression method was used to determine the a(w). The basal medium for growth and germination was Fluid Thioglycollate Medium. It had an a(w) of 0.995 and produced maximum growth and fastest growth rate among the six levels of a(w) tested. The lowest a(w) supporting growth and germination of C. perfringens was between 0.97 and 0.95 in the test media made with sucrose or sodium chloride and 0.93 or below in the test media adjusted with glycerol. Spore production by C. perfringens in Ellner's or modified medium required a higher a(w) than growth.
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