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Park W, Seo H, Kim J, Hong YM, Song H, Joo BJ, Kim S, Kim E, Yae CG, Kim J, Jin J, Kim J, Lee YH, Kim J, Kim HK, Park JU. In-depth correlation analysis between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless smart contact lens. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2828. [PMID: 38565532 PMCID: PMC10987615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tears have emerged as a promising alternative to blood for diagnosing diabetes. Despite increasing attempts to measure tear glucose using smart contact lenses, the controversy surrounding the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose still limits the clinical usage of tears. Herein, we present an in-depth investigation of the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless and soft smart contact lens for continuous monitoring of tear glucose. This smart contact lens is capable of quantitatively monitoring the tear glucose levels in basal tears excluding the effect of reflex tears which might weaken the relationship with blood glucose. Furthermore, this smart contact lens can provide an unprecedented level of continuous tear glucose data acquisition at sub-minute intervals. These advantages allow the precise estimation of lag time, enabling the establishment of the concept called 'personalized lag time'. This demonstration considers individual differences and is successfully applied to both non-diabetic and diabetic humans, as well as in animal models, resulting in a high correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunkyu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jun Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Che-Gyem Yae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Division Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare (IIDH), Severance Hospital, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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