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Liu Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Gang C, Shen Y. Quantifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to vegetation dynamic in China based on multiple indices. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156553. [PMID: 35690202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing the respective roles of climate change and anthropogenic activities can provide crucial information for sustainable management of the environment. Here, using the residual trend method (RESTREND), which measures the residue of the actual and potential trends of vegetation, we quantified the relative contributions of human activities (e.g., ecological restoration, overgrazing, and urbanization) and climate change (the warmer and wetter trend) to vegetation dynamics in China during 1988-2018 based on multiple vegetation indices, including the vegetation optical depth (Ku-VOD, C-VOD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and gross primary productivity (GPP). The results showed that the VOD, NDVI, and GPP exhibited overall increasing trends during 1988-2018. Human activities contributed >70% to the increases in NDVI and GPP in China, whereas a counterbalanced contribution of human activities and climate change was identified for the VOD dynamics (51% vs. 49%). Regions with high contributions from human activities to NDVI, GPP, and VOD were located in northeastern, southern, central, and northwestern China. In northern China, the positive impacts of human activities on NDVI (78%) and BEPS-GPP (83%) were greater than those of climate change. In contrast, human activities contributed 96% to the decrease in Ku-VOD over the same period. Before 2000, climate change promoted increases in GPP and NDVI in most regions of southern China. The increasing rates of GPP and NDVI accelerated after 2000 due to afforestation. However, human activities like overgrazing and urbanization have led to decreases in Ku-VOD in northern and southwestern China, and in C-VOD in northeastern, eastern, central, southwestern, and southern China. In all, the relative roles of climate and human factors varied in different regions when NDVI, GPP, or VOD were individually considered. Our results highlighted that the regional-scale vegetation conditions should be taken into full account to achieve sustainable management of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chengcheng Gang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yifan Shen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Gang C, Zhang Y, Guo L, Gao X, Peng S, Chen M, Wen Z. Drought-Induced Carbon and Water Use Efficiency Responses in Dryland Vegetation of Northern China. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:224. [PMID: 30863421 PMCID: PMC6400040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the context of global warming and the increasing frequency of extreme climate events, concerns have been raised by scientists, government, and the public regarding drought occurrence and its impacts, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this paper, the drought conditions for the forest and grassland areas in the northern region of China were identified based on 12 years of satellite-based Drought Severity Index (DSI) data. The impact of drought on dryland vegetation in terms of carbon use efficiency (CUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were also investigated by exploring their correlations with DSI. Results indicated that 49.90% of forest and grassland experienced a dry trend over this period. The most severe drought occurred in 2001. In general, most forests in the study regions experienced near normal and wet conditions during the 12 year period. However, grasslands experienced a widespread drought after 2006. The forest CUE values showed a fluctuation increase from 2000 to 2011, whereas the grassland CUE remained steady over this period. In contrast, WUE increased in both forest and grassland areas due to the increasing net primary productivity (NPP) and descending evapotranspiration (ET). The CUE and WUE values of forest areas were more sensitive to droughts when compared to the values for grassland areas. The correlation analysis demonstrated that areas of DSI that showed significant correlations with CUE and WUE were 17.24 and 10.37% of the vegetated areas, respectively. Overall, the carbon and water use of dryland forests was more affected by drought than that of dryland grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Xuerui Gao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Shouzhang Peng
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongming Wen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang Q, Du X, Li J, Gang C, Zhou W, Wang Z. Evaluating the responses of net primary productivity and carbon use efficiency of global grassland to climate variability along an aridity gradient. Sci Total Environ 2019; 652:671-682. [PMID: 30380475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) are common ecological indicators for assessing the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, despite their widespread use, considerable uncertainties exist toward the response patterns of NPP and CUE to climate variability along an aridity gradient, especially for grassland ecosystems. The aridity index (AI) was calculated in this study to specify arid-humid zones across the global grassland ecosystem. The dynamics of grassland NPP, CUE, and their dependence on climate under different AI levels from 2000 to 2013 were investigated. Results showed that the NPP and CUE of grasslands demonstrated a slightly increasing trend with regional increasing precipitation in most AI zones, except for arid regions (AR) from 2000 to 2013. The NPP and CUE of grasslands exhibited a remarkable spatial heterogeneity in different AI zones. High NPP values mainly occurred in the dry and sub-humid (DSH) and humid (HU) regions of Southern Hemisphere with warm and wet climate. High CUE values were mostly found in the HU of the Northern Hemisphere with cold and wet climate. In addition, low NPP and CUE values were observed in most parts of AR and semi-AR (SAR) with hot and dry climate. Overall, the NPP and CUE of grasslands were significantly affected by precipitation at the global scale. Specifically, grassland NPP was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation (MAP) in SAR and AR, but negatively related with the MAP in the HU region. The positive correlation between NPP and mean annual temperature (MAT) was found only for HU regions. Grassland CUE indicated a positive relation with MAP, but a negative relation was observed with MAT in all AI zones. The correlation coefficients between CUE and MAP decreased from AR to HU regions. This finding indicated that grassland CUE was highly sensitive to precipitation in dry areas, but this relationship weakened in HU ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Chengcheng Gang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Gang C, Zhao W, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wen Z. The impacts of land conversion and management measures on the grassland net primary productivity over the Loess Plateau, Northern China. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:827-836. [PMID: 30031340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the Chinese government began implementation of a series of national-scale restoration programs to combat environmental degradation. As one of most important arid and semiarid regions of China, the Loess Plateau has attracted attention related to the effectiveness of these initiatives. The present study analyzed land use and cover change (LUCC) of the grassland in the Loess Plateau and the consequent change in net primary productivity (NPP) based on a consecutive land use data derived from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative land cover maps and the CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model driven by MODIS-NDVI data. The contributions of climate variation and human activities (including land conversion and management measures) to these changes were also quantitatively differentiated. The results indicated that the area of the Loess Plateau grassland experienced a net increase of 0.43 × 104 km2 over the study period. The total NPP of the Loess Plateau grassland increased by 11,325.13 Gg C·yr-1, of which the human activities and climate variation were responsible for 78.45% and 21.55%, respectively. The land conversion reduced the grassland NPP by 308.60 Gg C·yr-1, whereas management measures increased the NPP by 9197.97 Gg C·yr-1 in the otherwise unmodified grassland. Overall, ecological restoration programs have effectively increased grassland NPP in the Loess Plateau. However, human activities played both positive and negative impacts in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuerui Gao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhongming Wen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Gao X, Wang A, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Du J, Gang C. Study on Water Suitability of Apple Plantations in the Loess Plateau under Climate Change. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15112504. [PMID: 30413121 PMCID: PMC6265787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the implementation of the Grain for Green Project, the apple plantation area is increasing in Loess Plateau. However, due to severe water scarcity, the sustainability of apple tree growth is threatened. In this paper, we used meteorological data (1990–2013) and forecasted climate data (2019–2050) to estimate water demand and establish a water suitability model to study the water balance between available water and water consumption of the apple trees. The results show that: (i) the order of the average water demand of apple plantation in each subarea is Shaanxi Province > Yuncheng area > Gansu Province > Sanmenxia Region, ranging from 500 to 950 mm; (ii) the temporal variability of water suitability from 1990 to 2013 is large, and the higher values are concentrated in the late growth stage of the apple trees and the lower values are concentrated in the early growth stage; (iii) the temporal and spatial distribution of water suitability is relatively stable and even in the Loess Plateau in the period of 2019–2050; (iv) the water suitability is mainly affected by effective precipitation and reference evapotranspiration and the reference evapotranspiration is mainly affected by the solar radiation (36%) and average temperature (38%). Furthermore, due to the joint influence of precipitation increases and solar radiation (average temperature) increases, the future water suitability of the apple plantation area in the Loess Plateau is showing a non-significant downward trend under RCP4.5 scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ai Wang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Xining Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Chengcheng Gang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhong P, Kai-Ke T, Le-Yuan W, Hong Z, Yang C, Jing W, Bin Z, Yu-Chuan Y, Gang C, Zhi-Yong S. [Epidemic situation of imported malaria in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2017; 29:502-504. [PMID: 29508592 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2017018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Chengdu City, so as to provide the evidence for effectively carrying out the malaria elimination work. Methods The data of imported malaria in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016 were collected from the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed respectively. Results A total of 240 imported malaria cases were reported in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016. In detail, 68.75% of the cases were falciparum malaria cases, 20.41% were vivax malaria cases, 2.50% were quartan malaria cases, 6.25% were ovale malaria cases, and 2.08% were mixed Plasmodium infections. Among them three patients died, with a mortality of 1.25%. All of the cases were infected overseas, among which 224 patients returned from Africa and 16 patients from Southeast Asia. The annual average morbidity was 0.28/100 000, and there was a significantly difference among annual average morbidities (χ2 = 23.87, P < 0.001). There were malaria cases reported in every month, and no significantly difference among seasons (χ2 = 0.833, P > 0.05). Conclusion The number of overseas imported malaria in Chengdu City increases year by year. The effective measures to control the overseas imported malaria should be strengthened to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T Kai-Ke
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Le-Yuan
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Hong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Yang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Jing
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Bin
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Yu-Chuan
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Gang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S Zhi-Yong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jian L, Chenghao Z, Xin T, Qi L, Weili F, Gang C. The diagnosis and treatment of the medial rotatory with button locked irreductive knee dislocation. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2016.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Gang C, An R, Li J. Vegetation dynamics and its driving forces from climate change and human activities in the Three-River Source Region, China from 1982 to 2012. Sci Total Environ 2016; 563-564:210-220. [PMID: 27135584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Three-River Source Region (TRSR), a region with key importance to the ecological security of China, has undergone climate changes and a shift in human activities driven by a series of ecological restoration projects in recent decades. To reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation dynamics and calculate the contributions of driving factors in the TRSR across different periods from 1982 to 2012, net primary productivity (NPP) estimated using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach model was used to assess the status of vegetation. The actual effects of different climatic variation trends on interannual variation in NPP were analyzed. Furthermore, the relationships of NPP with different climate factors and human activities were analyzed quantitatively. Results showed the following: from 1982 to 2012, the average NPP in the study area was 187.37gcm(-2)yr(-1). The average NPP exhibited a fluctuation but presented a generally increasing trend over the 31-year study period, with an increase rate of 1.31gcm(-2)yr(-2). During the entire study period, the average contributions of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation to NPP interannual variation over the entire region were 0.58, 0.73, and 0.09gcm(-2)yr(-2), respectively. Radiation was the climate factor with the greatest influence on NPP interannual variation. The factor that restricted NPP increase changed from temperature and radiation to precipitation. The average contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP interannual variation were 1.40gcm(-2)yr(-2) and -0.08gcm(-2)yr(-2), respectively. From 1982 to 2000, the general climate conditions were favorable to vegetation recovery, whereas human activities had a weaker negative impact on vegetation growth. From 2001 to 2012, climate conditions began to have a negative impact on vegetation growth, whereas human activities made a favorable impact on vegetation recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chaobin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chengcheng Gang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Ru An
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Xikang Road 129, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Gang C, Li J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li H, Pan B, Odeh I. Synergistic Effect of Chemical Treatments on Storage Quality and Chilling Injury of Honey Peaches. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gang
- College of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- College of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
| | - Yijia Wang
- College of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Pan
- Agricultural Service Center of Fenghuang Town; Zhangjiagang Jiangsu China
| | - Inakwu Odeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agricultural and Environment; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Zhou W, Gang C, Zhou L, Chen Y, Li J, Ju W, Odeh I. Dynamic of grassland vegetation degradation and its quantitative assessment in the northwest China. Acta Oecologica 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gang C, Zhou W, Li J, Chen Y, Mu S, Ren J, Chen J, Groisman PY. Assessing the spatiotemporal variation in distribution, extent and NPP of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change from 1911 to 2000. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80394. [PMID: 24282539 PMCID: PMC3840029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the variation in distribution, extent, and NPP of global natural vegetation in response to climate change in the period 1911–2000 and to provide a feasible method for climate change research in regions where historical data is difficult to obtain. In this research, variations in spatiotemporal distributions of global potential natural vegetation (PNV) from 1911 to 2000 were analyzed with the comprehensive sequential classification system (CSCS) and net primary production (NPP) of different ecosystems was evaluated with the synthetic model to determine the effect of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystems. The results showed that consistently rising global temperature and altered precipitation patterns had exerted strong influence on spatiotemporal distribution and productivities of terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the mid/high latitudes. Ecosystems in temperate zones expanded and desert area decreased as a consequence of climate variations. The vegetation that decreased the most was cold desert (18.79%), while the maximum increase (10.31%) was recorded in savanna. Additionally, the area of tundra and alpine steppe reduced significantly (5.43%) and were forced northward due to significant ascending temperature in the northern hemisphere. The global terrestrial ecosystems productivities increased by 2.09%, most of which was attributed to savanna (6.04%), tropical forest (0.99%), and temperate forest (5.49%). Most NPP losses were found in cold desert (27.33%). NPP increases displayed a latitudinal distribution. The NPP of tropical zones amounted to more than a half of total NPP, with an estimated increase of 1.32%. The increase in northern temperate zone was the second highest with 3.55%. Global NPP showed a significant positive correlation with mean annual precipitation in comparison with mean annual temperature and biological temperature. In general, effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems were deep and profound in 1911–2000, especially in the latter half of the period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gang
- Global Change Research Institute, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Global Change Research Institute, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Global Change Research Institute, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Global Change Research Institute, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Mu
- Global Change Research Institute, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing,Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jizhou Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jingming Chen
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pavel Ya. Groisman
- NOAA National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
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Xiaofeng L, Songwen C, Gang C, Shaowen L. The anatomy investigation of cavotricuspid isthmus linear ablation navigated by CARTO. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Songwen C, Gang C, Weidong M, Yiwen Y, Feng Z, Shaowen L. Block pulmonary vein to left atrium conduction in addition to the entrance block enhances clinical efficacy in atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jiayi C, Weigang H, Gang C, Zhaozhi Y, Guoliang J. Impact of Residual Errors on Strategy of Correction for Image-guided Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doucette TA, Kong LY, Yang Y, Wei J, Wang J, Fuller GN, Heimberger AB, Rao G, Ajewung N, Kamnasaran D, Katz AM, Amankulor N, Squatrito M, Hambardzumyan D, Holland EC, Poschl J, Lorenz A, Von Bueren A, Li S, Peraud A, Tonn JC, Herms J, Xiang M, Rutkowski S, Kretzschmar H, Schuller U, Studebaker A, Raffel C, Aoki Y, Hashizume R, Ozawa T, Gupta N, James CD, Navis AC, Hamans BC, Claes A, Heerschap A, Wesseling P, Jeuken JW, Leenders WP, Agudelo PA, Williams S, Nowicki MO, Johnson J, Li PK, Chiocca EA, Lannutti JJ, Lawler SE, Viapiano MS, Bergeron J, Aliaga A, Bedell B, Soderquist C, Sonabend A, Lei L, Crisman C, Yun JP, Sisti J, Castelli M, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Kirsch M, Stelling A, Salzer R, Krafft C, Schackert G, Steiner G, Balvers RK, van den Hengel SK, Wakimoto H, Hoeben RC, Leenstra S, Dirven CM, Lamfers ML, Sabha NS, Agnihotri S, Wolf A, von Deimling A, Croul S, Guha A, Trojahn US, Lenferink A, Bedell B, O'Connor-McCourt M, Wakimoto H, Kanai R, Curry WT, Yip S, Barnard ZR, Mohapatra G, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD, Binder ZA, Salmasi V, Lim M, Weingart J, Brem H, Olivi A, Riggins GJ, Gallia GL, Rong Y, Zhang Z, Gang C, Tucker-Burden C, Van Meir E, Brat DJ, Balvers RK, Kloezeman JJ, Kleijn A, French PJ, Dirven CM, Leenstra S, Lamfers ML, Balvers RK, Kloezeman JJ, Spoor JK, Dirven CM, Lamfers ML, Leenstra S, Bazzoli E, Fomchenko EI, Schultz N, Brennan C, DeAngelis LM, Holland EC, Nimer SD, Squatrito M, Mohyeldin A, Hsu W, Shah SR, Adams H, Shah P, Katuri L, Kosztowski T, Loeb DM, Wolinsky JP, Gokaskan ZL, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Daphu IK, Immervoll H, Bjerkvig R, Thorsen F, Caretti V, Idema S, Zondervan I, Meijer DH, Lagerweij T, Barazas M, Vos W, Hamans B, van der Stoop P, Hulleman E, van der Valk P, Bugiani M, Wesseling P, Vandertop WP, Noske D, Kaspers GJ, Molthoff C, Wurdinger T, Chow LM, Endersby R, Zhu X, Rankin S, Qu C, Zhang J, Ellison DW, Baker SJ, Tabar V, LaFaille F, Studer L. Tumor Models (In Vivo/In Vitro). Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shengqiang T, Jizhong Y, Gang C, Lou J. Purification of Rutin and Nicotiflorin from the Flowers of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2009; 47:341-4. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/47.5.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Casey RG, Gang C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Videos: acute hyperglycaemia induced microvascular injury and haemorrhage in an experimental model. Ir J Med Sci 2008; 177:383-4. [PMID: 18670865 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Casey
- Surgical Research Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Joyce M, Casey R, Gang C, Winter D, Kelly CJ, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Hydroxymethylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase inhibition attenuates endotoxin-mediated inflammatory responses. Br J Surg 2005; 92:1034-40. [PMID: 15931659 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase attenuates leucocyte–endothelial cell interactions and alters expression of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) following exposure to endotoxin.
Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pravastatin + LPS groups (seven per group). Pravastatin sodium was gavaged at 0·4 mg per kg per day for 5 days, after which LPS 15 mg/kg was administered via the jugular vein. Intravital microscopy was used to determine leucocyte–endothelial cell interactions.
Results
Following the administration of LPS there was a significant reduction in leucocyte rolling velocity at 10 min (mean(s.e.m.) 69(3) versus 102(6) per cent of baseline value; P = 0·041), an increase in the number of adherent leucocytes at 10 min (4·5(0·5) versus 2·8(0·3) per 100 µm; P = 0·044) and an increase in the number of leucocytes undergoing transendothelial migration at 30 min (4·2(0·4) versus 1·7(0·4) per field; P = 0·008) compared with controls. Pretreatment with pravastatin significantly attenuated LPS-induced leucocyte–endothelial cell interactions (rolling velocity 89(6) per cent at 10 min, P = 0·038; adherent leucocytes 3·0(0·5) per 100 µm at 10 min, P = 0·038; migrating leucocytes 1·9(0·5) per field at 30 min, P = 0·001). This endothelial protection was associated with maintenance of ecNOS and reduced iNOS expression within mesenteric tissues.
Conclusion
These data show that pravastatin produces anti-inflammatory effects in response to injurious stimuli by attenuation of leucocyte–endothelial cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joyce
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Hanson RP, Gang C, Condron C, Winter DC, Kneafsey B, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. L-Arginine supplementation has multiple effects in the diabetic wound model. Ir J Med Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
We studied the effect of pirenzepine on gastric secretion kinetics in rats in a hypochlorhydric state induced by lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Pirenzepine was administered intramuscularly at a dosage of 20 mg/kg twice daily; and lansorprazole, subcutaneously at 50 mg/kg once daily, both every day for 4 weeks. After the 4-week treatment, serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. In addition, gastrin cells, somatostatin cells, and enterochromaffin-like cells were immunostained and counted. Serum gastrin levels were elevated, and gastrin and enterochromaffin-like cell numbers increased in the group on lansoprazole alone, compared with these values in the control group (which received distilled water). In the group on the lansoprazole and pirenzepine combination, serum gastrin levels decreased, and gastrin and enterochromaffin-like cell numbers were significantly decreased, compared with the respective variables in the group on lansoprazole alone, while the number of somatostatin cells increased in the group on the combination. Plasma somatostatin levels did not vary significantly in any group. It was thus demonstrated that pirenzepine corrects the abnormal gastric secretion kinetics resulting from treatment with lansoprazole alone, such as hypergastrinemia and gastrin and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Omura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Merabet KE, Burriel R, Carlin RL, Hitchcock PB, Seddon KR, Zora JA, Gang C, Kopinga K. Magnetic susceptibilities, specific heat, and crystal structure of four S=3/2, three-dimensional antiferromagnets. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:665-674. [PMID: 9994587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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