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Sharma A, Verma C, Singh P, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta A, Gupta B. Alginate based biomaterials for hemostatic applications: Innovations and developments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130771. [PMID: 38467220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Development of the efficient hemostatic materials is an essential requirement for the management of hemorrhage caused by the emergency situations to avert most of the casualties. Such injuries require the use of external hemostats to facilitate the immediate blood clotting. A variety of commercially available hemostats are present in the market but most of them are associated with limitations such as exothermic reactions, low biocompatibility, and painful removal. Thus, fabrication of an ideal hemostatic composition for rapid blood clot formation, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial nature presents a real challenge to the bioengineers. Benefiting from their tunable fabrication properties, alginate-based hemostats are gaining importance due to their excellent biocompatibility, with >85 % cell viability, high absorption capacity exceeding 500 %, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, studies have estimated that wounds treated with sodium alginate exhibited a blood loss of 0.40 ± 0.05 mL, compared to the control group with 1.15 ± 0.13 mL, indicating its inherent hemostatic activity. This serves as a solid foundation for designing future hemostatic materials. Nevertheless, various combinations have been explored to further enhance the hemostatic potential of sodium alginate. In this review, we have discussed the possible role of alginate based composite hemostats incorporated with different hemostatic agents, such as inorganic materials, polymers, biological agents, herbal agents, and synthetic drugs. This article outlines the challenges which need to be addressed before the clinical trials and give an overview of the future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amlan Gupta
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Singh P, Verma C, Gupta A, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta B. Development of κ-carrageenan-PEG/lecithin bioactive hydrogel membranes for antibacterial adhesion and painless detachment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125789. [PMID: 37437679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The issue of wound dressing adherence poses a substantial challenge in the field of wound care, with implications both clinically and economically. Overcoming this challenge requires the development of a hydrogel dressing that enables painless removal without causing any secondary damage. However, addressing this issue still remains a significant challenge that requires attention and further exploration. The present study is focused on the synthesis of hydrogel membranes based on κ-carrageenan (CG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and soy lecithin (LC), which can provide superior antioxidant and antibacterial attachment properties with a tissue anti adhesion activity for allowing an easy removability without causing secondary damage. The (CG-PEG)/LC mass ratio was varied to fabricate hydrogel membranes via a facile approach of physical blending and solution casting. The physicochemical properties of (CG-PEG)/LC hydrogel membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical analyses. The membranes showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties with excellent flexibility and had high swelling capacity (˃1000 %), which would provide a moist condition for wound healing. The membranes also exhibited excellent free radical scavenging ability (>60 %). In addition, the (CG-PEG)/LC hydrogel membranes showed reduced peel strength 26.5 N/m as a result of weakening the hydrogel-gelatin interface during an in vitro gelatin peeling test. Moreover, the membrane showed superior antibacterial adhesion activity (>90 %) against both S. aureus and E. coli due to the presence of both PEG and LC. The results also suggested that the hydrogel membranes exhibit NIH3T3 cell antiadhesion property, making them promising material for easy detachment from the healed tissue without causing secondary damage. Thus, this novel combination of (CG-PEG)/LC hydrogel membranes have immense application potential as a biomaterial in the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amlan Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Verma C, Somani M, Rajput V, Bhan S, Nonglang FP, Lyngdoh A, Rymbai R, Gupta B. Antimicrobial finishing of polypropylene fabric using bioactive nanogels. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fiber Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Manali Somani
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fiber Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Vishav Rajput
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fiber Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Surya Bhan
- Department of Biochemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | | | - Antonia Lyngdoh
- Department of Biochemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | - Ridashisha Rymbai
- Department of Biochemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fiber Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
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Verma C, Pathania D, Negi P, Gupta PK, Verma RS, Gupta B. Designing of Smart Nanogels based on Tragacanth Gum for Cisplatin Delivery. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi ‐110016 India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental Science Central University of Jammu India
| | - Poonam Negi
- Department of Pharmacy Shoolini University Solan HP India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamilnadu India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamilnadu India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi ‐110016 India
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Sharma A, Verma C, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta A, Gupta B. Development of sodium alginate/glycerol/tannic acid coated cotton as antimicrobial system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:303-311. [PMID: 35777513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims at developing antimicrobial cotton gauze by dip coating of sodium alginate (SA), glycerol (Gly) and tannic acid (TA) blend. SA blends were prepared with varying concentration of glycerol in the range of 10-40 %. Blended films were fabricated and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile studies, and contact angle analysis. The mechanical behavior of films indicated significant decrease in the tensile strength and modulus with the increase in the glycerol content due to the plasticization effect. The hydrophilicity of the blend films increased with increase in the glycerol content. TA was added to the blend as an antimicrobial agent. These blends were coated on the cotton gauze by dip coating method and their characterizations were carried out by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed a smooth coating of SA:Gly:TA blend on cotton gauze. Antimicrobial analysis of TA coated gauzes was carried out which showed >95 % viable colony reduction against E. coli and S. aureus. Cytocompatibility studies indicated excellent cell-compatible activity. These results implicated that such coated gauzes are promising candidate that hold the great potential to be utilized as infection-resistant material in the health care sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amlan Gupta
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Dagdag O, Hsissou R, Safi Z, Hamed O, Jodeh S, Haldhar R, Verma C, Ebenso EE, El Bachiri A, El Gouri M. Viscosity of epoxy resins based on aromatic diamines, glucose, bisphenolic and bio-based derivatives: a comprehensive review. J Polym Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Singh P, Verma C, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta A, Gupta B. Preparation of thyme oil loaded κ-carrageenan-polyethylene glycol hydrogel membranes as wound care system. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121661. [PMID: 35292394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at fabricating thyme oil loaded hydrogel membranes composed of κ-carrageenan (CG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which can provide moist environment and prevent infections for rapid wound healing. Membranes were prepared with different amounts of PEG via solvent casting technique under ambient conditions. Physicochemical properties of CG-PEG membranes as a function of the PEG content were investigated. The surface morphology of membranes displayed smoother surfaces with increasing PEG content up to 40%. In addition, the interaction of PEG with CG polymer chains was evaluated in terms of Free and bound PEG fraction within the membrane matrix. Furthermore, thyme oil (TO) was added to enhance the antibacterial properties of CG-PEG membranes. These membranes showed >95% antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria depending on the TO content. Suggesting the great potential of these membranes as a strong candidate for providing an effective antimicrobial nature in human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amlan Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Gupta H, Verma C, Sharma A, Singh P, Somani M, Mukhopadhyay S, Shekhar A, Gupta B. Development of silver immobilized biofunctional PET Fabric for antimicrobial wound dressing. J Polym Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nasef MM, Gupta B, Shameli K, Verma C, Ali RR, Ting TM. Engineered Bioactive Polymeric Surfaces by Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization: Strategies and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3102. [PMID: 34578003 PMCID: PMC8473120 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in developing antimicrobial surfaces is currently surging with the rise in global infectious disease events. Radiation-induced graft copolymerization (RIGC) is a powerful technique enabling permanent tunable and desired surface modifications imparting antimicrobial properties to polymer substrates to prevent disease transmission and provide safer biomaterials and healthcare products. This review aims to provide a broader perspective of the progress taking place in strategies for designing various antimicrobial polymeric surfaces using RIGC methods and their applications in medical devices, healthcare, textile, tissue engineering and food packing. Particularly, the use of UV, plasma, electron beam (EB) and γ-rays for biocides covalent immobilization to various polymers surfaces including nonwoven fabrics, films, nanofibers, nanocomposites, catheters, sutures, wound dressing patches and contact lenses is reviewed. The different strategies to enhance the grafted antimicrobial properties are discussed with an emphasis on the emerging approach of in-situ formation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in radiation grafted substrates. The current applications of the polymers with antimicrobial surfaces are discussed together with their future research directions. It is expected that this review would attract attention of researchers and scientists to realize the merits of RIGC in developing timely, necessary antimicrobial materials to mitigate the fast-growing microbial activities and promote hygienic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Putra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India; (B.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India; (B.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Roshafima Rasit Ali
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Putra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Teo Ming Ting
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
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Verma C, Gupta A, Singh S, Somani M, Sharma A, Singh P, Bhan S, Dey A, Rymbai R, Lyngdoh A, Nonglang FP, Anjum S, Gupta B. Bioactive Khadi Cotton Fabric by Functional Designing and Immobilization of Nanosilver Nanogels. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:5449-5460. [PMID: 35006726 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial finishing is the most suitable alternative for designing medical textiles for biomedical applications. The present investigation aims at the preparation of skin-contacting khadi cotton fabric that would prevent microbial infection and offer excellent skin compatibility. A simple approach has been followed for the preparation of bioactive nanogels for antimicrobial finishing of the khadi cotton fabric. Bioactive nanogels were synthesized by using aloe vera (AV) as a reducing agent for silver ions in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA stabilizes the growth of silver nanoparticles, which is influenced by the variation in the reaction time and the temperature. Nanogels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The nanogels exhibited strong antimicrobial behavior against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as confirmed by the colony count method. Almost 100% antibacterial behavior was observed for the nanosilver content of 10 mM. The nanogel-finished khadi fabric showed bactericidal properties against both S. aureus and E. coli. The nanogel-finished fabric exhibited high hydrophilicity allowing complete water droplet penetration within 10 s as compared to 136 s in virgin fabric. Moreover, the skin irritation study of the fabric on male Swiss albino mice did not show any appearance of dermal toxicity. These results demonstrated that the bioactive finished khadi fabric is appropriate as skin contacting material in human health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Verma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anushka Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Surabhi Singh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Manali Somani
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Surya Bhan
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ridashisha Rymbai
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Antonia Lyngdoh
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Sadiya Anjum
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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Prabhakar P, Batra P, Verma C, Harit D. Hyperpigmentation as a cutaneous manifestation of fungal sepsis in neonates: Case series report. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2019; 13:143-148. [PMID: 31771078 DOI: 10.3233/npm-180196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With improved and prolonged survival of very and extremely low birth weight infants, invasive fungal infection has emerged as an important concern in the neonatal intensive care units. Candidiasis is the third leading cause of late onset sepsis in these neonates and is associated with 20-30% mortality. Extreme prematurity, central venous catheters, prolonged antibiotic exposure, parenteral nutrition are important risk factors. Various forms of cutaneous manifestations of candidiasis have been described ranging from local diaper dermatitis and oral thrush to widespread erosive and ulcerative lesions with extensive crusting in invasive fungal dermatitis. We report a series of four cases with cutaneous hyperpigmentation as manifestation of systemic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prabhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - P Batra
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - C Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - D Harit
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Negi P, Sharma G, Verma C, Garg P, Rathore C, Kulshrestha S, Lal UR, Gupta B, Pathania D. Novel thymoquinone loaded chitosan-lecithin micelles for effective wound healing: Development, characterization, and preclinical evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115659. [PMID: 31887940 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While the wound healing activity of thymoquinone (TQ) is well known, its clinical effectiveness remains limited due to the inherently low aqueous solubility, resulting in suboptimal TQ exposure in the wound sites. To address these problems, TQ loaded chitosan-lecithin micelles for wound healing were prepared and its efficacy was determined in vivo in the excision wound model. Firstly, the co-block polymer of chitosan and soya lecithin was synthesized which has low critical micelle concentration (CMC). Its employment in the development of TQ loaded polymeric micelles by Self-assembly method resulted in the stable polymeric micelle composition having requisite small particle size (<100 nm), narrow size distribution (close to zero) and high entrapment efficiency (98.77 %) of TQ. The designed nano-carriers not only substantially entrapped the drug but also controlled the release rate of TQ. The TQ-polymeric micelle hydrogel exhibited superior wound healing efficacy to the native TQ and Silver Sulphadiazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India.
| | - Gulshan Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Chetna Verma
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India; Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakrati Garg
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Charul Rathore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173 212, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sadiya Anjum
- Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Verma C, Negi P, Pathania D, Sethi V, Gupta B. Preparation of pH‐sensitive hydrogels by graft polymerization of itaconic acid on tragacanth gum. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Verma
- Department of ChemistryShoolini University Solan India
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Poonam Negi
- Department of PharmacyShoolini University Solan India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental ScienceCentral University of Jammu Jammu India
| | - Vipula Sethi
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
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Spicer J, Kwatra V, Verma C, Ioannou K, Goldstein R, Brier T, Eremin J, Zareian N, Walker L, Lobo D, Farzaneh F, Eremin O. Phase I trial of a novel hTERT vaccination strategy addressing T effector cells and immune-suppressor mechanisms. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy288.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pathania D, Verma C, Negi P, Tyagi I, Asif M, Kumar NS, Al-Ghurabi EH, Agarwal S, Gupta VK. Novel nanohydrogel based on itaconic acid grafted tragacanth gum for controlled release of ampicillin. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:262-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Srivastava V, Haque J, Verma C, Singh P, Lgaz H, Salghi R, Quraishi M. Amino acid based imidazolium zwitterions as novel and green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: Experimental, DFT and MD studies. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chaudhary A, Verma C, Tomar V, Singh HS. Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in India: morphological characterization and molecular data. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The nematode, Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 was found from the Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) from Ghazipur, Delhi, India. Morphological characterization, including scanning electron microscope observation supplemented with DNA sequences is provided. Specimens recently found are characterized by the presence of an unlined buccal capsule having a small basal ring, esophagus muscular and glandular, vulva position is slightly post-equatorial, tail conical, long, and ending in three digit-like processes, phasmids present at about mid-length and cloaca located at the posterior end. In this study the species P. spiculogubernaculus is validated on the basis of molecular data after 47 years from its original description. In the scanning electron microscope examination, the topology of mouth and sensory pits in anterior portion, while the phasmids and digit like processes in posterior portion is clearly observed. Molecular data of the 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the validity of Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus and confirmed the paraphyletic status of the members of Procamallanus, Spirocamallanus, Camallanus and Paracamallanus. Taxonomic status of members of the family Camallanidae are briefly discussed along with the results of the systematic evaluation of P. spiculogubernaculus based on molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - C. Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - V. Tomar
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India
| | - H. S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Verma C, Chaudhary A, Singh HS. Redescription and phylogenetic analyses of Thaparocleidus gomtius and T. sudhakari (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Wallago attu (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in India. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Two species of Thaparocleidus Jain (1952a) were found harboring W. attu from the Ganga River at two localities, Meerut and Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the period of 2013-2015. Morphology and morphometric study of specimens identified as Thaparocleidus gomtius (Jain, 1952a) Lim, 1996 and T. sudhakari (Gusev, 1976) Lim, 1996. Molecular analyses using the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the validity of T. gomtius and T. sudhakari and demonstrated that both the species clustered with other Thaparocleidus species from different geographical regions. We aim at reassessing the taxonomy and establishing the phylogenetic relationships among these two redescribed species with other representatives of the genus Thaparocleidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - A. Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - H. S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Eichhorn P, Iyengar P, Jaynes P, Lama D, Verma C. USP15 regulates SMURF2 kinetics through C-lobe mediated deubiquitination. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Aronica P, Verma C, Popovic B, Leatherbarrow R, Gould IR. The Parasol Protocol for computational mutagenesis. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:253-61. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Goswami U, Chaudhary A, Verma C, Singh H. Molecular and ultrastructure characterization of two nematodes (Thelandros scleratus
and Physalopteroides dactyluris) based on ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The phylogenetic relationships of the nematode species Thelandros scleratus (Oxyurida: Pharyn-godonidae) and Physalopteroides dactyluris (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) were analyzed using the ribosomal 18S rRNAand the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit genes. The nematodes were recovered from Brook's house gecko, Hemidactylus brooki (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Hast-inapur, Meerut (U.P.), India. The results demonstrated that T. scleratus shows 100% similarity with another sequence available from the same species and a close relationship (98-99%) with species of Parapharyngodon in both 18S rRNAand cox 1 regions. Regarding the nematode Physalopteroides. analysis showed a close phylogenetic relationship between P. dactyluris and several species of Phy-saloptera. This is the first sequence of 18S available for any species of the genus Physalopteroides
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Affiliation(s)
- U Goswami
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - A Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - C Verma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
| | - H.S. Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Road, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 250004, India
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Sanz FC, Montemurro F, Rossi V, Verma C, Berger M, Baselga J, Scaltriti M. 69 AKT3 activation mediates resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-amplified breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Lescar J, Meyer I, Akshita K, Srinivasaraghavan K, Verma C, Palous M, Mazier D, Datry A, Fekkar A. Aspergillus fumigatus harbouring the sole Y121F mutation shows decreased susceptibility to voriconazole but maintained susceptibility to itraconazole and posaconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:3244-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Verma C, Rao PSS. Determinants of rural women's participation in India's National Leprosy Eradication Programme. Indian J Lepr 2014; 86:105-110. [PMID: 26118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A multistage representative random sample of women and men from each of the 3 states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, from the rural blocks where the Leprosy Mission Hospitals were located were selected during 2010 to identify relevant factors that are preventing active participation of women and suggest corrective steps. Adult men and women were interviewed in depth, using a detailed checklist by the first author. A total of 1239 respondents 634 women and 605 men, were interviewed, only 44 women (7%) claimed that they had earlier participated in leprosy work, about 92% of the women felt that they had the potential to take part in leprosy work, and 70% showed willingness to participate. Factors that would encourage and facilitate more women to participate in leprosy work, included financial support (32.8%), convincing the family to grant permission (88%), and delegating them to work in proximity to their residences (15%). Some women respondents (11.0%) felt that they would provide their services voluntarily for social good. Women suggested that work should be delegated as per their capabilities and skills, and they should be given proper orientation, training and guidance. Hardly 5% of ASHA's in the clusters examined participated in leprosy related work, which needs stringent steps to re-orient and encourage them to undertake leprosy related work. It is concluded that rural Indian women are keen to play an important role in the national leprosy eradication program, with minimal support from the government and nongovernmental agencies in a truly community-based approach. This will benefit vast numbers of leprosy affected women as well as others.
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Verma C, Rao PSS, Raju MS. Public awareness on integration of leprosy services at primary health centres in Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian J Lepr 2011; 83:95-100. [PMID: 21972662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy services were integrated into the general health a decade ago but it seems that a majority of public are still ignorant of this development. Hence, a study was done in Uttar Pradesh, India to determine the awareness about integration and its relationships to various socio-demographic factors. A multistage representative random sample of 3000 persons was chosen in Faizabad district, selecting a sample of 3 villages each situated within 1 km, 1-3 km and beyond 3 km of a PHC. A systematic random sample of 10% of households was chosen from selected villages and an adult male and an adult female from each household interviewed by a qualified investigator. Data were computerized and cross- tabulated against distance from the PHC, sex, age, education and occupational status. Only 45.7% in Uttar Pradesh are aware of the availability of leprosy treatment facilities at PHC but most knew that MDT was free. A smaller proportion was also aware of other facilities such as ulcer dressing and treatment of complications. Family members and health workers and PHC were the main source of information. It is concluded that massive efforts are urgently needed to educate the rural public on integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verma
- Research Resource Centre, The Leprosy Mission Trust of India, B-13/A, Institutional Area, Sector-62, Noida-201307, India.
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Lane D, Brown C, Cheok C, Verma C. 41 Applications of the inhibition of Mdm2 function in Cancer Therapy. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Scaltriti M, Verma C, Guzman M, Jimenez J, Parra JL, Pedersen K, Smith DJ, Landolfi S, Ramon y Cajal S, Arribas J, Baselga J. Lapatinib, a HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induces stabilization and accumulation of HER2 and potentiates trastuzumab-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Oncogene 2008; 28:803-14. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Scaltriti M, Verma C, Guzman M, Jimenez J, Parra J, Pedersen K, Landolfi S, Ramon y Cajal S, Arribas J, Baselga J. Effect of lapatinib on accumulation of inactive HER2 at the cell membrane and on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by trastuzumab: A novel mechanism for the enhanced effects of combined anti-HER2 therapy. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Haire LF, Whyte SM, Vasisht N, Gill AC, Verma C, Dodson EJ, Dodson GG, Bayley PM. The Crystal Structure of the Globular Domain of Sheep Prion Protein. J Mol Biol 2004; 336:1175-83. [PMID: 15037077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein PrP is a naturally occurring polypeptide that becomes transformed from a normal conformation to that of an aggregated form, characteristic of pathological states in fatal transmissible spongiform conditions such as Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. We report the crystal structure, at 2 A resolution, of residues 123-230 of the C-terminal globular domain of the ARQ allele of sheep prion protein (PrP). The asymmetric unit contains a single molecule whose secondary structure and overall organisation correspond to those structures of PrPs from various mammalian species determined by NMR. The globular domain shows a close association of helix-1, the C-terminal portion of helix-2 and the N-terminal portion of helix-3, bounded by the intramolecular disulphide bond, 179-214. The loop 164-177, between beta2 and helix-2 is relatively well structured compared to the human PrP NMR structure. Analysis of the sheep PrP structure identifies two possible loci for the initiation of beta-sheet mediated polymerisation. One of these comprises the beta-strand, residues 129-131 that forms an intra-molecular beta-sheet with residues 161-163. This strand is involved in lattice contacts about a crystal dyad to generate a four-stranded intermolecular beta-sheet between neighbouring molecules. The second locus involves the region 188-204, which modelling suggests is able to undergo a partial alpha-->beta switch within the monomer. These loci provide sites within the PrPc monomer that could readily give rise to early intermediate species on the pathway to the formation of aggregated PrPSc containing additional intermolecular beta-structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Haire
- Structural Biology Group, Division of Protein Structure, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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33
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Gokhale YA, Verma C. Increased sacral angle and chronic low backache. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48:1032, 1035. [PMID: 11200912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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34
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Gill R, Verma C, Wallach B, Ursø B, Pitts J, Wollmer A, De Meyts P, Wood S. Modelling of the disulphide-swapped isomer of human insulin-like growth factor-1: implications for receptor binding. Protein Eng 1999; 12:297-303. [PMID: 10325399 DOI: 10.1093/protein/12.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a serum protein which unexpectedly folds to yield two stable tertiary structures with different disulphide connectivities; native IGF-1 [18-61,6-48,47-52] and IGF-1 swap [18-61,6-47, 48-52]. Here we demonstrate in detail the biological properties of recombinant human native IGF-1 and IGF-1 swap secreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. IGF-1 swap had a approximately 30 fold loss in affinity for the IGF-1 receptor overexpressed on BHK cells compared with native IGF-1. The parallel increase in dose required to induce negative cooperativity together with the parallel loss in mitogenicity in NIH 3T3 cells implies that disruption of the IGF-1 receptor binding interaction rather than restriction of a post-binding conformational change is responsible for the reduction in biological activity of IGF-1 swap. Interestingly, the affinity of IGF-1 swap for the insulin receptor was approximately 200 fold lower than that of native IGF-1 indicating that the binding surface complementary to the insulin receptor (or the ability to attain it) is disturbed to a greater extent than that to the IGF-1 receptor. A 1.0 ns high-temperature molecular dynamics study of the local energy landscape of IGF-1 swap resulted in uncoiling of the first A-region alpha-helix and a rearrangement in the relative orientation of the A- and B-regions. The model of IGF-1 swap is structurally homologous to the NMR structure of insulin swap and CD spectra consistent with the model are presented. However, in the model of IGF-1 swap the C-region has filled the space where the first A-region alpha-helix has uncoiled and this may be hindering interaction of Val44 with the second insulin receptor binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, 6 Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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Khan A, Connerton IF, Cummings NJ, Hussain S, Noble MA, Taylor MA, Thomas EW, Verma C, Brocklehurst K. The kinetically influential ionizations of caricain D158N revealed by using 4,4'-dipyrimidyl disulfide as a reactivity probe. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S172. [PMID: 9649847 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Khan
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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36
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Gul S, Pinitglang S, Thomas EW, Verma C, Brocklehurst K. Sensitivities of transition state geometries to P1-P2 binding in reactions of papain and actinidin. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S171. [PMID: 9649846 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gul
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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37
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Pinitglang S, Watts AB, Patel M, Reid JD, Noble MA, Gul S, Bokth A, Naeem A, Patel H, Thomas EW, Sreedharan SK, Verma C, Brocklehurst K. A classical enzyme active center motif lacks catalytic competence until modulated electrostatically. Biochemistry 1997; 36:9968-82. [PMID: 9254592 DOI: 10.1021/bi9705974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cysteine proteinase superfamily is a source of natural structural variants of value in the investigation of mechanism. It has long been considered axiomatic that catalytic competence of these enzymes mirrors the generation of the ubiquitous catalytic site imidazolium-thiolate ion pair. We here report definitive evidence from kinetic studies supported by electrostatic potential calculations, however, that at least for some of these enzymes the ion pair state which provides the nucleophilic and acid-base chemistry is essentially fully developed at low pH where the enzymes are inactive. Catalytic competence requires an additional protonic dissociation with a common pKa value close to 4 possibly from the Glu50 cluster to control ion pair geometry. The pH dependence of the second-order rate constant (k) for the reactions of the catalytic site thiol groups with 4,4'-dipyrimidyl disulfide is shown to provide the pKa values for the formation and deprotonation of the (Cys)-S-/(His)-Im+H ion pair state. Analogous study of the reactions with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide reveals other kinetically influential ionizations, and all of these pKa values are compared with those observed in the pH dependence of kcat/Km for the catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acetylphenylalanylglycine 4-nitroanilide. The discrepancy between the pKa value for ion pair formation and the common pKa value close to 4 related to generation of catalytic activity is particularly marked for ficin (pKa 2.49 +/- 0.02) and caricain (pKa 2.88 +/- 0.02) but exists also for papain (pKa 3.32 +/- 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pinitglang
- Laboratory of Structural and Mechanistic Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
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Resmini M, Vigna R, Simms C, Barber NJ, Hagi-Pavli EP, Watts AB, Verma C, Gallacher G, Brocklehurst K. Characterization of the hydrolytic activity of a polyclonal catalytic antibody preparation by pH-dependence and chemical modification studies: evidence for the involvement of Tyr and Arg side chains as hydrogen-bond donors. Biochem J 1997; 326 ( Pt 1):279-87. [PMID: 9337880 PMCID: PMC1218666 DOI: 10.1042/bj3260279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolyses of 4-nitrophenyl 4'-(3-aza-2-oxoheptyl)phenyl carbonate and of a new, more soluble, substrate, 4-nitrophenyl 4'-(3-aza-7-hydroxy-2-oxoheptyl)phenyl carbonate, each catalysed by a polyclonal antibody preparation elicited in a sheep by use of an analogous phosphate immunogen, were shown to adhere closely to the Michaelis-Menten equation, in accordance with the growing awareness that polyclonal catalytic antibodies may be much less heterogeneous than had been supposed. The particular value of studies on polyclonal catalytic antibodies is discussed briefly. Both the kcat and kcat/K(m) values were shown to increase with increase in pH across a pKa of approx. 9. Group-selective chemical modification studies established that the side chains of tyrosine and arginine residues are essential for catalytic activity, and provided no evidence for the involvement of side chains of lysine, histidine or cysteine residues. The combination of evidence from the kinetic and chemical modification studies and from studies on the pH-dependence of binding suggests that catalysis involves assistance to the reaction of the substrate with hydroxide ions by hydrogen-bond donation at the reaction centre by tyrosine and arginine side chains. This combination of hydrogen-bond donors appears to be a feature common to a number of other hydrolytic catalytic antibodies. High-pKa acidic side chains may be essential for the effectiveness of catalytic antibodies that utilize hydroxide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Resmini
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, U.K
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39
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Noble M, Abramson D, Verma C, Brocklehurst K. Evidence that the carboxy groups of Asp158 in papain and caricain have abnormally low pKa values and thus do not contribute the key ionisations with pKa 4 that generate catalytic competence. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:90S. [PMID: 9056988 DOI: 10.1042/bst025090s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Noble
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, UK
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40
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Gul S, Clarke A, Field B, Thomas MP, Willenbrock F, Pinitglang S, Verma C, Thomas EW, Brocklehurst K. Investigation of the electrostatic field of the papain active centre by using monoprotonated and diprotonated pyridyl (Py) disulphides as reactivity probes. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:91S. [PMID: 9056989 DOI: 10.1042/bst025091s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gul
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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41
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Brocklehurst K, Thomas EW, Verma C, Patel M, Sreedharan SK. Design and synthesis of substrate-derived n-acylaminoalkyl 2-pyridyl disulphides as probes of cysteine proteinase mechanism. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:92S. [PMID: 9056990 DOI: 10.1042/bst025092s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Brocklehurst
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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42
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Watts A, Hafeez A, Gul S, Verma C, Thomas EW, Brocklehurst K. Effects of site-specific mutations on the kinetically influential ionizations of papain. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:84S. [PMID: 9056982 DOI: 10.1042/bst025084s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, UK
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43
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Pinitglang S, Patel M, Noble M, Sreedharan SK, Verma C, Thomas EW, Brocklehurst K. Effects of the quality of the P2-S2 hydrophobic contacts on the catalytic activities of papain, caricain and ficin and their generation by electrostatic switches. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:88S. [PMID: 9056986 DOI: 10.1042/bst025088s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pinitglang
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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44
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Reid JD, Pinitglang S, Topham CM, Verma C, Thomas EW, Brocklehurst K. Actinidin and chymopapain B provide variation in the common electrostatic environment of Glu50 in papain and caricain. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:89S. [PMID: 9056987 DOI: 10.1042/bst025089s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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45
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Gill R, Wallach B, Verma C, Ursø B, De Wolf E, Grötzinger J, Murray-Rust J, Pitts J, Wollmer A, De Meyts P, Wood S. Engineering the C-region of human insulin-like growth factor-1: implications for receptor binding. Protein Eng 1996; 9:1011-9. [PMID: 8961354 DOI: 10.1093/protein/9.11.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant wild-type human IGF-1 and a C-region mutant in which residues 28-37 have been replaced by a 4-glycine bridge (4-Gly IGF-1) were secreted and purified from yeast. An IGF-1 analogue in which residues 29-41 of the C-region have been deleted (mini IGF-1) was created by site-directed mutagenesis and also expressed. All three proteins adopted the insulin-fold as determined by circular dichroism. The significantly raised expression levels of mini IGF-1 allowed the recording of two-dimensional NMR spectra. The affinity of 4-Gly IGF-1 for the IGF-1 receptor was approximately 100-fold lower than that of wild-type IGF-1 and the affinity for the insulin receptor was approximately 10-fold lower. Mini IGF-1 showed no affinity for either receptor. Not only does the C-region of IGF-1 contribute directly to the free energy of binding to the IGF-1 receptor, but also the absence of flexibility in this region eliminates binding altogether. As postulated for the binding of insulin to its own receptor, it is proposed that binding of IGF-1 to the IGF-1 receptor also involves a conformational change in which the C-terminal B-region residues detach from the body of the molecule to expose the underlying A-region residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gill
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, London
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46
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Pinitglang S, Noble M, Verma C, Thomas EW, Brocklehurst K. Studies on the enhancement of the reactivity of the (Cys-25)-S-/(His159)-Im+H ion-pair of papain by deprotonation across pKa 4. Biochem Soc Trans 1996; 24:468S. [PMID: 8879012 DOI: 10.1042/bst024468s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pinitglang
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary & Westwield College, University of London, U.K
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47
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Gul S, Dhillon PS, Verma C, Thomas EW, Brocklehurst K. Investigation of electrostatic interactions and binding effects in papin-ligand interaction. Biochem Soc Trans 1996; 24:473S. [PMID: 8879017 DOI: 10.1042/bst024473s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gul
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, U.K
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48
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Sreedharan SK, Verma C, Caves LS, Brocklehurst SM, Gharbia SE, Shah HN, Brocklehurst K. Demonstration that 1-trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane (E-64) is one of the most effective low Mr inhibitors of trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis. Characterization by kinetic analysis and by energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulation of the E-64-beta-trypsin complex. Biochem J 1996; 316 ( Pt 3):777-86. [PMID: 8670152 PMCID: PMC1217418 DOI: 10.1042/bj3160777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) was shown to inhibit beta-trypsin by a reversible competitive mechanism; this contrasts with the widely held view that E-64 is a class-specific inhibitor of the cysteine proteinases and reports in the literature that it does not inhibit a number of other enzymes including, notably, trypsin. The K1, value (3 x 10(-5) M) determined by kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide in Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.4, at 25 degrees C, I = 0.1, catalysed by beta-trypsin is comparable with those for the inhibition of trypsin by benzamidine and 4-aminobenzamidine, which are widely regarded as the most effective low Mr inhibitors of this enzyme. Computer modelling of the beta-trypsin-E64 adsorptive complex, by energy minimization, molecular dynamics simulation and Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic-potential calculations, was used to define the probable binding mode of E-64; the ligand lies parallel to the active-centre cleft, anchored principally by the dominant electrostatic interaction of the guanidinium cation at one end of the E-64 molecule with the carboxylate anion of Asp-171 (beta-trypsin numbering from Ile-1) in the S1-subsite, and by the interaction of the carboxylate substituent on C-2 of the epoxide ring at the other end of the molecule with Lys-43; the epoxide ring of E-64 is remote from the catalytic site serine hydroxy group. The possibility that E-64 might bind to the cysteine proteinases clostripain (from Clostridium histolyticum) and alpha-gingivain (one of the extracellular enzymes from phyromonas gingivalis) in a manner analogous to that deduced for the beta-trypsin-E-64 complex is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sreedharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, U.K
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49
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Plou FJ, Kowlessur D, Malthouse JP, Mellor GW, Hartshorn MJ, Pinitglang S, Patel H, Topham CM, Thomas EW, Verma C, Brocklehurst K. Characterization of the electrostatic perturbation of a catalytic site (Cys)-S-/(His)-Im+H ion-pair in one type of serine proteinase architecture by kinetic and computational studies on chemically mutated subtilisin variants. J Mol Biol 1996; 257:1088-111. [PMID: 8632470 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have used two structurally well-characterized serine proteinase variants, subtilisins Carlsberg and BPN', to produce (Cys)-S-/(His)-Im+H ion-pairs by chemical mutation in well defined, different, electrostatic microenvironments. These ion-pairs have been characterized by pH-dependent rapid reaction kinetics using, as reactivity probes, thiol-specific time dependent inhibitors, 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide and 4,4'-dipyrimidyl disulfide, that differ in the protonation states of their leaving groups in acidic media, computer modelling and electrostatic potential calculations. Both ion-pairs possess nucleophilic character, identified by the striking rate maxima in their reactions with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide in acid media. In the Carlsberg enzyme, the (Cys220)-S-/(His63)-Im+H ion-pair is produced by protonic dissociation with pKa 4.1 and its reactivity is not perturbed by any detectable electrostatic influence other than the deprotonation of His63 (pKa 10.2). In the BPN' enzyme, the analogous, (Cys221)-S-/(His64)-Im+H ion-pair is produced by protonic dissociation with pKa 5.1 and its reactivity is affected by an ionization with pKa 3.5 in addition to the deprotonation of His64 (pKa > or = 10.35). It is a striking result that calculations using finite difference solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation provide a value of the pKa difference between the two enzyme catalytic sites (0.97) in close agreement with the value (1.0) determined by reactivity probe kinetics when a protein dielectric constant of 2 is assumed and water molecules within 5 A of the catalytic site His residue are included. The pKa difference is calculated to be 0.84 when the water molecules are not included and a protein dielectric constant of 20 is assumed. The calculations also identify Glu156 in the BPN' enzyme (which is Ser in the Carlsberg enzyme) as the main individual source of the pKa shift. The additional kinetically influential pKa of 3.5 is assigned to Glu156 by examining the non-covalent interactions between the 2-pyridyl disulfide reactivity probe and the enzyme active centre region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Plou
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK
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50
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Bairwa A, Sharma U, Sitaraman S, Verma C. Ascorbic acid levels in maternal and cord serum. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:999-1001. [PMID: 8935265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bairwa
- Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur
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