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Huang T, Lu Z, Wang Z, Cheng L, Gao L, Gao J, Zhang N, Geng CA, Zhao X, Wang H, Wong CW, Yeung KWK, Pan H, Lu WW, Guan M. Targeting adipocyte ESRRA promotes osteogenesis and vascular formation in adipocyte-rich bone marrow. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3769. [PMID: 38704393 PMCID: PMC11069533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulation often occurs under diverse pathophysiological conditions associated with bone deterioration. Estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA) is a key regulator responding to metabolic stress. Here, we show that adipocyte-specific ESRRA deficiency preserves osteogenesis and vascular formation in adipocyte-rich bone marrow upon estrogen deficiency or obesity. Mechanistically, adipocyte ESRRA interferes with E2/ESR1 signaling resulting in transcriptional repression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1); yet positively modulates leptin expression by binding to its promoter. ESRRA abrogation results in enhanced SPP1 and decreased leptin secretion from both visceral adipocytes and BMAds, concertedly dictating bone marrow stromal stem cell fate commitment and restoring type H vessel formation, constituting a feed-forward loop for bone formation. Pharmacological inhibition of ESRRA protects obese mice against bone loss and high marrow adiposity. Thus, our findings highlight a therapeutic approach via targeting adipocyte ESRRA to preserve bone formation especially in detrimental adipocyte-rich bone milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongling Huang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaocheng Lu
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Guan
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Li PWC, Yu DSF, Yan BP, Wong CW, Chan CMC. Theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention versus didactic education for promoting prompt care-seeking for acute myocardial infarction: A multisite mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 148:104564. [PMID: 37852046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged delays by patients in making care-seeking decisions remain a significant obstacle to the effective management of acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the effects of a theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention with those of didactic education over a 24-month period on the participants' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding acute myocardial infarction, prehospital delay time, and the use of an ambulance. We also explored participants' engagement in the intervention. DESIGN This study adopted a sequential mixed-methods design comprising a multisite randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study. METHODS Community-dwelling adult patients with a prior history of acute myocardial infarction in the past year were recruited from four hospitals in Hong Kong. They were randomly assigned to an 8-week theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention that involved a vivid experience of complex decision-making or didactic education. The Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index questionnaire was administered at baseline (T0) and at 3- (T1), 12- (T2), and 24-month (T3) follow-up time points. Prehospital delay time and the use of an ambulance were evaluated for those participants who had recurrent acute myocardial infarction attacks during the study period. RESULTS A total of 608 participants were randomly assigned to the theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention group (n = 304) or the didactic education group (n = 304). The intervention group reported greater improvements than the control group in their attitudes (β = -1.053, p = 0.002) and beliefs (β = -0.686, p = 0.041) regarding acute myocardial infarction and care-seeking at T1. These effects were sustained at T2 [attitudes (β = -0.797, p = 0.018); beliefs (β = -0.692, p = 0.047)] and T3 [attitudes (β = -0.717, p = 0.024); beliefs (β = -0.701, p = 0.032)]. Sixty-three participants experienced another acute myocardial infarction event by T2. The median delay times for the intervention and control groups were 3.13 h (interquartile range (IQR: 1.15-6.48)) and 4.82 h (IQR: 2.23-9.02), respectively. The prehospital delay time was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (β = -0.07, p = 0.011). The qualitative findings echoed the quantitative findings, as participants indicated that the intervention helped them to understand the variable nature of the disease presentation, which enabled them to recognize the symptoms more readily. CONCLUSION The novel cognitive-narrative intervention used in this study effectively improved the participants' attitudes and beliefs regarding acute myocardial infarction and reduced the prehospital delay time. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization (ChiCTR-IIC-17010576) on February 2, 2017; the first participant was recruited on January 11, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly W C Li
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Doris S F Yu
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong
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3
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Wong M, Azvee Z, Wong CW, Chan CD, Duffy RM. An Observational Study of proximity between Community Mental Health Facilities and Off-Licenses and Bookmakers in Dublin. Ir Med J 2023; 116:729. [PMID: 36976572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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4
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Liu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cheung SKK, Or PMY, Wong CW, Guan J, Li Z, Yang W, Tu Y, Wang J, Ho WLH, Gu H, Cheng ASL, Tsui SKW, Chan AM. The mitotic regulator RCC2 promotes glucose metabolism through BACH1-dependent transcriptional upregulation of hexokinase II in glioma. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215914. [PMID: 36116740 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified a cell-cycle module that is associated with poor prognosis and aggressiveness of glioma. One of the core members, Regulator of chromatin condensation 2 (RCC2) is a component of the chromosome passenger complex. Accumulating evidence suggests that RCC2 plays a vital role in the mitotic process and that abnormal RCC2 expression is involved in cancer development. Gene silencing experiments show that RCC2 is required for glioma cell proliferation and migration. RNA-Sequencing analysis reveals a dual role of RCC2 in both the cell cycle and metabolism. Specifically, RCC2 regulates G2/M progression via CDC2 phosphorylation at Tyrosine 15. Metabolomic analysis identifies a role for RCC2 in promoting the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. RCC2 exerts effects on metabolism by stabilizing the transcription factor BACH1 at its C-terminus leading to the transcriptional upregulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2). These findings elucidate a novel PTEN/RCC2/BACH1/HK2 signaling axis that drives glioma progression through the dual regulation of mitotic cell cycle and glycolytic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stanley Kwok-Kuen Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Penelope Mei-Yu Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingyu Guan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhining Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yalin Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Lut-Heng Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Liu T, Or PMY, Wong CW, Cheung SKK, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ho WLH, Chan AM. Abstract 5647: PTEN loss is associated with elevation of cell cycle signature in human glioblastoma transcriptome. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal type of brain cancer with universally poor prognosis. Despite advanced treatment, the cancer recurs frequently. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene whose mutations have been found to be one of the most frequent events in GBM. PTEN acts as a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. GBM transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a positive enrichment of cell cycle and PI3K pathway. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on TCGA GBMLGG cohort revealed a cell cycle-related module (‘cell-cycle’ module), which was shown to be positively correlated with PTEN mutation status. This ‘cell-cycle’ module also showed a positive correlation with glioma aggressiveness.We then utilized a nestin-cre;Pten-fl/fl mouse model to investigate the consequences of PTEN loss that may be involved in GBM. Based on our preliminary data, transcriptomic profiling of primary astrocytes derived from Pten knockout mice revealed an overlapping enrichment of cell cycle related pathways with human GBM. Four cell cycle genes, RCC1, RCC2, NEK2, and CHK2, were validated to be significantly upregulated in Pten-null astrocytes by qRT-PCR. Regulator of chromatin condensation 1 (RCC1) and Regulator of chromatin condensation 2 (RCC2) both belong to the RCC1 family. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that both RCC1 and RCC2 are involved in tumorigenesis of multiple cancers and cell cycle progression. By siRNA inhibition, we demonstrated that silencing of either RCC1 or RCC2 in glioblastoma cell lines suppresses GBM cell growth. Moreover, we found that RCC2 is essential for both G1-S and G2-M transition. Additionally, RCC2 silencing and a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibit glioblastoma cell viability in a synergistic manner. In summary, PTEN deficiency leads to the alteration of cell cycle progression, which may promote tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. RCC1 and RCC2 have been demonstrated to be potential targets regulated by PTEN and affects cell viability. RCC2 was shown to be a key regulator of cell cycle progression. To further explore the RCC1 and RCC2 roles, we will find the potential downstream target of RCC1 and RCC2 and its potential therapeutic effect in vivo. Funding: This work is supported by a General Research Fund grant (#14113519) from the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong.
Citation Format: Tian Liu, Penelope Mei-Yu Or, Chi-Wai Wong, Stanley Kwok-Kuen Cheung, Yubing Wang, Yiwei Wang, Wayne Lut-Heng Ho, Andrew M. Chan. PTEN loss is associated with elevation of cell cycle signature in human glioblastoma transcriptome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- 1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chi-Wai Wong
- 1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yubing Wang
- 1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yiwei Wang
- 1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Andrew M. Chan
- 1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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Han L, Wei X, Liu C, Volpe G, Zhuang Z, Zou X, Wang Z, Pan T, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Fan P, Guo P, Lai Y, Lei Y, Liu X, Yu F, Shangguan S, Lai G, Deng Q, Liu Y, Wu L, Shi Q, Yu H, Huang Y, Cheng M, Xu J, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xie D, Yang Y, Yu Y, Zheng H, Wei Y, Huang F, Lei J, Huang W, Zhu Z, Lu H, Wang B, Wei X, Chen F, Yang T, Du W, Chen J, Xu S, An J, Ward C, Wang Z, Pei Z, Wong CW, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu M, Qin B, Schambach A, Isern J, Feng L, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu Z, Sun Q, Maxwell PH, Barker N, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Gu Y, Mulder J, Uhlen M, Tan T, Liu S, Yang H, Wang J, Hou Y, Xu X, Esteban MA, Liu L. Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis. Nature 2022; 604:723-731. [PMID: 35418686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell-cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Pan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lai
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chunqing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wei
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fubaoqian Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Waidong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengzhen Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibo Xu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan An
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Carl Ward
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongren Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, USA
| | - Joan Isern
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), ICREA and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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7
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Huang T, Fu X, Wang N, Yang M, Zhang M, Wang B, Chen T, Majaz S, Wang H, Wong CW, Liu J, Guan M. Andrographolide prevents bone loss via targeting estrogen-related receptor-α-regulated metabolic adaption of osteoclastogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4352-4367. [PMID: 34233019 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metabolic adaptation driven by oestrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα/NR3B1) is required to meet the increased energy demand during osteoclast differentiation. Here, we hypothesize that natural product, andrographolide, acts as an ERRα inverse agonist to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Virtual docking and site-directed mutagenesis analysis were employed to study the binding mode of andrographolide to ERRα. Co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblot analyses were performed to identify andrographolide as an ERRα inverse agonist. The pharmacological effects of andrographolide in vivo were assessed in mice models of osteopenia induced by either a high-fat diet in male or ovariectomy in female mice. KEY RESULTS ERRα-dependent expression of glutaminase, a rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial glutamine anaplerosis, is required for ex vivo bone marrow osteoclast differentiation. Andrographolide inhibited glutaminase expression induced by ERRα and co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1β (PGC-1β), leading to reduction in osteoclastogenesis. Andrographolide acted as an inverse agonist of ERRα by disrupting its interaction with co-activator PGC-1β. Phenylalanine 232, valine 395 and phenylalanine 399 of ERRα ligand-binding domain were confirmed to be essential for this effect. In contrast, glutaminase overexpression restored the impairment triggered by andrographolide. Accordingly, andrographolide suppressed osteoclastic bone resorption and attenuated bone loss in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrate that andrographolide acts as an ERRα inverse agonist for perturbation of ERRα/PGC-1β/glutaminase axis-driven metabolic adaption during osteoclast differentiation, implying that andrographolide may be a promising natural compound for preventing physiological and pathological bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minyi Zhang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binxu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianke Chen
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sidra Majaz
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Li P, Yu DSF, Yan BPY, Wong CW, Yue SCS, Chan CMC, Chan SC. Shortening pre-hospital time delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction using a modelling-based narrative intervention with a virtual heart attack experience: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prolonged delay in seeking treatment by patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a significant therapeutic gap. Previous mass-media campaigns or brief educational interventions were largely ineffective in shortening pre-hospital patient delay. The brevity and didactic nature of these interventions are inadequate to address complex decision-making encountered by patients with AMI.
Purpose
This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a theory-driven modelling-based narrative intervention on AMI knowledge, care-seeking intention as indicated by attitudes and beliefs regarding care-seeking for AMI, prehospital delay time and use of ambulance among AMI survivors.
Methods
A total of 285 of patients with history of at least one AMI were randomized 1:1 to modelling-based narrative intervention (n=144) and control with didactic education (n=141). The modelling-based narrative intervention comprised 4 weekly group-based interactive sessions to engage participants in mental rehearsals of the perceptual-cognitive processes in recognizing and responding to AMI symptoms through a virtual heart attack experience, then followed by a booster session one month later The control group received a 4-weekly education on factual information about AMI with traditional didactic education approach. Study endpoints included AMI knowledge, attitudes and belief about care-seeking for AMI to be measured at baseline, (T0), 3 months (T1), 12 months (T2) and 24 months (T3) after the intervention. Prehospital delay time and use of ambulance for an AMI attack were tracked since patients' enrolment until T3 endpoint of the study.
Results
Generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that the participants in the intervention group had significantly greater improvement in attitudes and beliefs about care seeking for AMI symptoms at all endpoints than those in the control group (Table 1). There were no between-group differences in the change of AMI knowledge score over the baseline and 3- or 12-month endpoints, such difference became significant at 24-month endpoint. A total of 78 participants, including 38 (26.4%) in the intervention group and 40 (28.4%) in the control groups, had experienced AMI symptoms and admitted to an emergency department during the follow-up period. The participants in the intervention group showed significant reduction in prehospital delay time than the control group (p=0.031). There was no between-group difference on use of ambulance (p=0.422) for those participants who had symptom attack during the follow-up period.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated favorable effects in shortening prehospital time delay and promoting positive attitudes and beliefs regarding care-seeking for AMI symptoms among AMI survivors. A virtual heart attack experience helped support them through a cognitive-perceptual processes in recognizing and interpreting AMI symptoms.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Early Career Scheme, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D S F Yu
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B P Y Yan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - C W Wong
- Pok Oi Hospital, Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S C S Yue
- United Christian Hospital, Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C M C Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hopsital, Department of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S C Chan
- Pok Oi Hospital, Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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9
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Liu T, Or PMY, Wong CW, Ho WLH, Cheung SKK, Wang Y, Chan AM. Abstract 1971: RCC2 promotes glioblastoma through regulation of G2-M progression. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulator of chromatin condensation 2 (RCC2), also known as telophase disk protein of 60 kDa (TD-60), has been previously identified as a component of the chromosome passenger complex. Accumulating evidence suggested that RCC2 plays a vital role in the mitotic process and abnormal RCC2 expression is essential for cancer development including Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most lethal and frequent brain tumor. Even with the optimal therapy, the 5-year survival rate of GBM remains poor. TCGA data revealed an upregulation of RCC2 in human GBM. Our preliminary data showed that RCC2 was upregulated in PTEN knockout mice primary astrocytes, and loss of function of PTEN has been found in nearly 95% GBM patients. This indicated that RCC2 might act as a PTEN downstream regulator and promote glioblastoma progression. RCC2 has been reported to be essential for tumorigenesis which may act as a GEF for Rac1 or RalA GTPase. Coincidently, our study showed that silencing RCC2 could suppress GBM cell proliferation. Using RNA-seq, we identified 737 DEGs between control siRNA- and RCC2 siRNA-treated A1172 cells. GSEA analysis delineated G2-M progression as the most notably altered pathway by silencing RCC2. Indeed, we observed a G2-M arrest in cells with RCC2 silenced, suggesting that RCC2 is essential for G2-M progression. Additionally, the connectivity map (C-map) analysis was conducted and identified LY294002 and cephaeline as promising inhibitors for RCC2-associated gene signatures. Both LY294002 and cephaeline can synergistically inhibit glioblastoma cell viability with RCC2 silencing. In summary, our study demonstrated that RCC2 signaling is essential for GBM development. We provided evidence that RCC2 exerts a positive effect on G2-M progression. These findings may shed light on anti-RCC2 targeted therapy in GBM treatment.
Funding: This work is supported by a General Research Fund grant (#14113519) from the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong.
Citation Format: Tian Liu, Penelope Mei-Yu Or, Chi-Wai Wong, Wayne Lut-Heng Ho, Stanley Kwok-Kuen Cheung, Yubing Wang, Andrew M. Chan. RCC2 promotes glioblastoma through regulation of G2-M progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chi-Wai Wong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Yubing Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew M. Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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10
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Chau CM, Fung EPY, Wong CW, Kwok KM, Leung AYH, Wong LKM, Wong KCK, Mak WS, Lam HS, Cho DHY. Ultrasound-guided Vacuum-assisted Excision of Papillary Breast Lesions as an Alternative to Surgical Excision: 7-year Experience. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2017066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CM Chau
- Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - EPY Fung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CW Wong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KM Kwok
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - AYH Leung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - LKM Wong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KCK Wong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WS Mak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - HS Lam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - DHY Cho
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
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11
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Abstract
Older patients are at risk of medication-related problems because of age-related physiological changes and multiple medications taken for multiple co-morbidities. The resultant polypharmacy is frequently associated with inappropriate medication use, which in turn contributes to a range of adverse consequences, including geriatric syndromes (eg, falls, cognitive decline, urinary incontinence) and hospitalisation. In addition, medication non-adherence or discrepancies between the medications prescribed and those actually taken by patients, either intentional or unintentional, are prevalent and can lead to treatment failure. A large proportion of adverse drug events are preventable, and medication errors occur most commonly at the stages of prescribing and subsequent monitoring. There are a number of strategies to address these issues with the aim of ensuring safe prescribing. Furthermore, deprescribing with withdrawal of medications that are inappropriate or of minimal value for patients is increasingly emphasised for optimising medication management. In general, optimisation of medication management should be patient-centred, considering individual circumstances and preferences to determine the treatment goals or priorities for individual patients, and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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12
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Yang M, Liu Q, Huang T, Tan W, Qu L, Chen T, Pan H, Chen L, Liu J, Wong CW, Lu WW, Guan M. Dysfunction of estrogen-related receptor alpha-dependent hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to sex disparity in NAFLD/NASH development. Theranostics 2020; 10:10874-10891. [PMID: 33042259 PMCID: PMC7532682 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Men and postmenopausal women are more prone to developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) than premenopausal women. However, the pathological links and underlying mechanisms of this disparity are still elusive. The sex-difference in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and secretion may contribute to NAFLD development. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a key regulator of several metabolic processes. We hypothesized that ERRα plays a role contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion. Methods: VLDL secretion and essential genes governing said process were assessed in male and female mice. Liver-specific ERRα-deficient (ERRαLKO) mice were generated to assess the rate of hepatic VLDL secretion and alteration in target gene expression. Overexpression of either microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) or phospholipase A2 G12B (Pla2g12b) by adenovirus was performed to test if the fatty liver phenotype in male ERRαLKO mice was due to defects in hepatic VLDL secretion. Female ERRαLKO mice were put on a diet high in saturated fat, fructose and cholesterol (HFHC) to promote NASH development. Wild type female mice were either ovariectomized or treated with tamoxifen to induce a state of estrogen deficiency or disruption in estrogen signaling. Adenovirus was used to overexpress ERRα in these mice to test if ERRα was sufficient to rescue the suppressed VLDL secretion due to estrogen dysfunction. Finally, wild type male mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with an ERRα inverse agonist to assess if suppressing ERRα activity pharmacologically would lead to fatty liver development. Results: ERRα is an indispensable mediator modulating hepatic triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) assembly and secretion through coordinately controlling target genes apolipoprotein B (Apob), Mttp and Pla2g12b in a sex-different manner. Hepatic VLDL-TG secretion is blunted in ERRαLKO mice, leading to hepatosteatosis which exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation paving ways for NASH development. Importantly, ERRα acts downstream of estrogen/ERα signaling in contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL secretion effecting hepatic lipid homeostasis. Conclusions: Our results highlight ERRα as a key mediator which contributes to the sex disparity in NAFLD development, suggesting that selectively restoring ERRα activity in the liver may be a novel strategy for treating NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianke Chen
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, China
| | - William W. Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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13
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Liu T, Or PMY, Wong CW, Cheung SKK, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chan AM. Abstract 97: Analysis of Pten-null mouse astrocytes revealed overlapping transcribed genes with human glioblastoma transcriptome. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer with universally poor prognosis. Even with optimal therapy, the cancer recurs frequently. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene whose mutations are often found in multiple human cancers. PTEN encodes a lipid phosphatase and serves as a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Cumulative evidence suggests that PTEN mutations play significant roles in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma as 60% of glioblastoma patients acquired mutations in this gene. Based on our preliminary data, transcriptomic profiling of primary astrocytes derived from Pten knockout mice revealed an overlapping enrichment of mitotic regulators and cell cycle related pathways with human GBM. 4 genes (RCC1, RCC2, NEK2, and CHK2) were validated to be significantly upregulated in PTEN KO astrocytes by qRT-PCR. Regulator of chromatin condensation 2 (RCC2) has been reported to be guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1 and RalA GTPase and act as a regulator of cell cycle progression. Accumulating evidence revealed a pro-tumorigenic role of RCC2 in multiple cancers such as tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Via siRNA inhibition of RCC2, we demonstrated that knocking down of RCC2 in glioblastoma cell lines suppresses cell growth and RCC2 is essential for both G1-S and G2-M progression. Additionally, RCC2 knocking down and a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibit glioblastoma cell viability in a synergistic manner. In summary, PTEN deficiency leads to the upregulation of RCC2, which may promote tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by dysregulating cell cycle progression.To further explore the RCC2 roles, we will find the potential downstream target of RCC2 in dysregulating cell cycle and its potential therapeutic effect in vivo. Funding: General Research Fund Grant #14113519 from The Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
Citation Format: Tian Liu, Penelope Mei-Yu Or, Chi-Wai Wong, Stanley Kwok-Kuen Cheung, Yubing Wang, Yiwei Wang, Andrew M. Chan. Analysis of Pten-null mouse astrocytes revealed overlapping transcribed genes with human glioblastoma transcriptome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chi-Wai Wong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yubing Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yiwei Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew M. Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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14
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Zhang M, Yang M, Wang N, Liu Q, Wang B, Huang T, Tong Y, Ming Y, Wong CW, Liu J, Yao D, Guan M. Andrographolide modulates HNF4α activity imparting on hepatic metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110867. [PMID: 32422400 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) drives the expression of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and phospholipase A2 G12B (PLA2G12B), governing hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and secretion. Andrographolide (AP) is a major constituent isolated from Andrographis paniculata. We found that AP can disrupt the interaction between HNF4α and its coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). Virtual docking and mutational analysis indicated that arginine 235 of HNF4α is essential for binding to AP. As a consequence of antagonizing the activity of HNF4α, AP suppresses the expression of ApoB, MTP and PLA2G12B and reduces the rate of hepatic VLDL secretion in vivo. AP additionally reduced gluconeogenesis via down-regulating the expression of HNF4α target genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc). Collectively, our results suggest that AP affects liver function via modulating the transcriptional activity of HNF4α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binxu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongling Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yanlin Ming
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Guan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Yang M, Zhang M, Liu Q, Xu T, Huang T, Yao D, Wong CW, Liu J, Guan M. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid acts through hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha to modulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104840. [PMID: 32353589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) regulates the expression of essential genes involved in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) homeostasis and gluconeogenesis. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is an active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza uralensis an herbal medicine used for treating liver aliments. In this study, we established that GA functions as a partial antagonist of HNF4α through HNF4α-driven reporter luciferase assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments with co-activator PGC1α. By virtual docking and site-directed mutagenesis analysis, we confirmed that serine 190 and arginine 235 of HNF4α are both essential for GA to exert its antagonistic action on HNF4α. Importantly, GA suppressed the expression of HNF4α target genes such as apolipoprotein B (ApoB), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and phospholipase A2 G12B (PLA2G12B) modulating hepatic VLDL secretion in mice fed on a high fat diet. In addition, GA also suppressed gluconeogenesis and ameliorated glucose intolerance via down-regulating the expression of HNF4α target genes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck). Furthermore, GA significantly lowered blood glucose and improved insulin resistance in db/db mice. In all, we established that GA acts as a partial HNF4α antagonist modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Wong CW. Frailty assessment: clinical application in the hospital setting. Hong Kong Med J 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Wong CW, Lam KKW, Lee CL, Yeung WSB, Zhao WE, Ho PC, Ou JP, Chiu PCN. The roles of protein disulphide isomerase family A, member 3 (ERp57) and surface thiol/disulphide exchange in human spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:733-742. [PMID: 28175305 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Study question Are multimeric sperm plasma membrane protein complexes, ERp57 and sperm surface thiol content involved in human spermatozoa-zona pellucida (ZP) interaction? Summary answer ERp57 is a component of a multimeric spermatozoa-ZP receptor complex involved in regulation of human spermatozoa-ZP binding via up-regulation of sperm surface thiol content. What is known already A spermatozoon acquires its fertilization capacity within the female reproductive tract by capacitation. Spermatozoa-ZP receptor is suggested to be a composite structure that is assembled into a functional complex during capacitation. Sperm surface thiol content is elevated during capacitation. ERp57 is a protein disulphide isomerase that modulates the thiol-disulphide status of proteins. Study design, size, duration The binding ability and components of protein complexes in extracted membrane protein fractions of spermatozoa were studied. The roles of capacitation, thiol-disulphide reagent treatments and ERp57 on sperm functions and sperm surface thiol content were assessed. Participants/materials, setting, methods Spermatozoa were obtained from semen samples from normozoospermic men. Human oocytes were obtained from an assisted reproduction programme. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western ligand blotting and mass spectrometry were used to identify the components of solubilized ZP/ZP3-binding complexes. The localization and expression of sperm surface thiol and ERp57 were studied by immunostaining and sperm surface protein biotinylation followed by western blotting. Sperm functions were assessed by standard assays. Main results and the role of chance Several ZP-binding complexes were isolated from the cell membrane of capacitated spermatozoa. ERp57 was a component of one of these complexes. Capacitation significantly increased the sperm surface thiol content, acrosomal thiol distribution and ERp57 expression on sperm surface. Sperm surface thiol and ERp57 immunoreactivity were localized to the acrosomal region of spermatozoa, a region responsible for ZP-binding. Up-regulation of the surface thiol content or ERp57 surface expression in vitro stimulated ZP-binding capacity of human spermatozoa. Blocking of ERp57 function by specific antibody or inhibitors against ERp57 reduced the surface thiol content and ZP-binding capacity of human spermatozoa. Large scale data N/A. Limitations, reasons for caution The mechanisms by which up-regulation of surface thiol content stimulates spermatozoa-ZP binding have not been depicted. Wider implications of the findings Thiol-disulphide exchange is a crucial event in capacitation. ERp57 modulates the event and the subsequent fertilization process. Modulation of the surface thiol content of the spermatozoa of subfertile men may help to increase fertilization rate in assisted reproduction. Study funding/competing interest(s) This work was supported by The Hong Kong Research Grant Council Grant HKU764611 and HKU764512M to P.C.N.C. The authors have no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wai Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin K W Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wei E Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pak-Chung Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Ou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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Wong CW, Lee JS, Tam KF, Hung HF, So WY, Shum CK, Lam CY, Cheng JN, Man SP, Auyeung TW. Diabetes in older people: position statement of The Hong Kong Geriatrics Society and the Hong Kong Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Reproduction. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:524-33. [PMID: 29026049 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj166140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a survey on the clinical practice of geriatricians in the management of older people with diabetes and a study of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients, a round-table discussion with geriatricians and endocrinologists was held in January 2015. Consensus was reached for six domains specifically related to older diabetic people: (1) the considerations when setting an individualised diabetic management; (2) inclusion of geriatric syndrome screening in assessment; (3) glycaemic and blood pressure targets; (4) pharmacotherapy; (5) restrictive diabetic diet; and (6) management goals for nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong
| | - J Sw Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - K F Tam
- Department of Medicine, Hong Kong Buddhist Hospital, Lok Fu, Hong Kong
| | - H F Hung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong
| | - W Y So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C K Shum
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - J N Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong
| | - S P Man
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, Yuen Long, Hong Kong
| | - T W Auyeung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, Yuen Long, Hong Kong
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20
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Wang SR, Xu T, Deng K, Wong CW, Liu J, Fang WS. Discovery of Farnesoid X Receptor Antagonists Based on a Library of Oleanolic Acid 3-O-Esters through Diverse Substituent Design and Molecular Docking Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050690. [PMID: 28445411 PMCID: PMC6154651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpene oleanolic acid (OA, 1) with known farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulatory activity was modified at its C-3 position to find new FXR-interacting agents. A diverse substitution library of OA derivatives was constructed in silico through a 2D fingerprint similarity cluster strategy. With further docking analysis, four top-scored OA 3-O-ester derivatives were selected for synthesis. The bioassay results indicated that all four compounds 3 inhibited chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced FXR transactivation in a concentration-dependent mode. Among them 3b and 3d are more active than the parent compound OA. A molecular simulation study was performed to attempt to explain the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the antagonistic action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on semi-synthetic pentacyclic triterpenoids with FXR-modulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, 1A Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Kai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Unit 509, 5/F BioTech Center I, No. 9 Science Park West Avenue, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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21
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Huang SW, Wu Y, Feng ZY, Choi C, Liu H, Qi HF, Duan XF, Peng GD, Wong CW. Graphene Q-switched distributed feedback fiber lasers with narrow linewidth approaching the transform limit. Opt Express 2017; 25:8202-8211. [PMID: 28380935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A compact all-in-line graphene-based distributed feedback Bragg-grating fiber laser (GDFB-FL) with narrow linewidth of hundreds kHz is demonstrated and investigated in this study. Performing as an optical saturable absorber, graphene oscillates the initially kHz linewidth DFB-FL, and generates high-quality passively Q-switched pulses. Pumped with a 980 nm continuous-wave laser, the Q-switched GDFB-FL observes ~1 μs pulse durations, with pulse energies up to ~10 nJ and approaching the transform limit. The peak power is ~600 times higher than the original DFB-FL laser. By optimizing the cavity design and the graphene material, it is predicted that fast Q-switched pulses with more than MHz repetition rates and sub-100 ns pulse durations are achievable. Such transform-limited Q-switched GDFB-FLs with narrow linewidth of sub-MHz have long coherence length, good tunability, stability, compactness and robustness, with potential impact in optical coherent communications, metrology and sensing.
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22
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To VYK, Wong KM, Mak WS, Kwok KM, Wong CW. Stereotactic-guided Vacuum-assisted Breast Biopsy in the Asian Population: What Factors Affect Marker Migration? Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Lam MC, Wong KML, Mak WS, Kwok KMK, Lam HS, Wong CW. Breast Sonoelastography: Our Preliminary Experience in 155 Lesions. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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24
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Wong CW. Anticoagulation for stroke prevention in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: what are the obstacles? Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:608-15. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj154803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Wat E, Ng CF, Liu CL, Zhang C, Koon CM, Lau CP, Wong CW, Pang KY, Zhang X, Fung KP, Lau CB, Leung PC. Effect of combined use of Fructus Schisandrae and statin on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22 Suppl 6:24-27. [PMID: 27807313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C F Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C L Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C M Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C P Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C W Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - K Y Pang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - K P Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C Bs Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - P C Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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26
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Liu Q, Yang M, Fu X, Liu R, Sun C, Pan H, Wong CW, Guan M. Activation of farnesoid X receptor promotes triglycerides lowering by suppressing phospholipase A2 G12B expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:93-101. [PMID: 27471003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As a novel mediator of hepatic very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) secretion, phospholipase A2 G12B (PLA2G12B) is transcriptionally regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4α). Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a critical role in maintaining bile acids and triglycerides (TG) homeostasis. Here we report that FXR regulates serum TG level in part through PLA2G12B. Activation of FXR by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or GW4064 significantly decreased PLA2G12B expression in HepG2 cells. PLA2G12B expression was transcriptionally repressed due to an FXR-mediated up-regulation of small heterodimer partner (SHP) which functionally suppresses HNF-4α activity. We found that hepatic PLA2G12B expression was suppressed and serum TG level reduced in high fat diet mice treated with CDCA. Concurrently, CDCA treatment lowered hepatic VLDL-TG secretion. Our data demonstrate that activation of FXR promotes TG lowering, not only by decreasing de novo lipogenesis but also reducing hepatic secretion of TG-rich VLDL particles in part through suppressing PLA2G12B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Renzhong Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Wang ZN, Wu Y, Zhou JH, Wu H, Fan MQ, Cao XL, Zhang WL, Chen YF, Li YR, Churkin D, Turitsyn S, Wong CW. Graphene based widely-tunable and singly-polarized pulse generation with random fiber lasers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18526. [PMID: 26687730 PMCID: PMC4685245 DOI: 10.1038/srep18526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse generation often requires a stabilized cavity and its corresponding mode structure for initial phase-locking. Contrastingly, modeless cavity-free random lasers provide new possibilities for high quantum efficiency lasing that could potentially be widely tunable spectrally and temporally. Pulse generation in random lasers, however, has remained elusive since the discovery of modeless gain lasing. Here we report coherent pulse generation with modeless random lasers based on the unique polarization selectivity and broadband saturable absorption of monolayer graphene. Simultaneous temporal compression of cavity-free pulses are observed with such a polarization modulation, along with a broadly-tunable pulsewidth across two orders of magnitude down to 900 ps, a broadly-tunable repetition rate across three orders of magnitude up to 3 MHz, and a singly-polarized pulse train at 41 dB extinction ratio, about an order of magnitude larger than conventional pulsed fiber lasers. Moreover, our graphene-based pulse formation also demonstrates robust pulse-to-pulse stability and wide-wavelength operation due to the cavity-less feature. Such a graphene-based architecture not only provides a tunable pulsed random laser for fiber-optic sensing, speckle-free imaging, and laser-material processing, but also a new way for the non-random CW fiber lasers to generate widely tunable and singly-polarized pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Y J Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Z N Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - J H Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - M Q Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - X L Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - W L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Y F Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Y R Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - D Churkin
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, B47ET, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Photonics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.,Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - S Turitsyn
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, B47ET, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Photonics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - C W Wong
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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28
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Wong KW, Ma WK, Wong CW, Wong MH, Tsang CF, Tsu HL, Ho KL, Yiu MK. Impact of skeletal-related events on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed androgen deprivation therapy. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 22:106-15. [PMID: 26635306 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of skeletal-related events on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed long-term androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS This historical cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients who were diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer and prescribed androgen deprivation therapy between January 2006 and December 2011 were included. Details of skeletal-related events and mortality were examined. RESULTS The median follow-up was 28 (range, 1-97) months. Of 119 patients, 52 (43.7%) developed skeletal-related events throughout the study, and the majority received bone irradiation for pain control. The median actuarial overall survival and cancer-specific survival for patients with skeletal-related events were significantly shorter than those without skeletal-related events (23 vs 48 months, P=0.003 and 26 vs 97 months, P<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the adjusted hazard ratio of presence of skeletal-related events on overall and cancer-specific survival was 2.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.10; P=0.002) and 3.92 (95% confidence interval, 1.87-8.23; P<0.001), respectively. A prostate-specific antigen nadir of >4 ng/mL was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall and cancer-specific survival after development of skeletal-related events (hazard ratio=10.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.10-51.66 and hazard ratio=10.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.94-57.28, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal-related events were common in men with metastatic prostate cancer. This is the first reported study to show that a skeletal-related event is an independent prognostic factor in overall and cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed androgen deprivation therapy. A prostate-specific antigen nadir of >4 ng/mL is an independent poor prognostic factor for overall and cancer-specific survival following development of skeletal-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Wong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W K Ma
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C W Wong
- Baptist Hospital, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - M H Wong
- Department of Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - C F Tsang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H L Tsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K L Ho
- Private practice, Hong Kong
| | - M K Yiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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29
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Kwok KM, Wong LKM, Mak WS, Lam MC, Chan SK, Wong CW. Mucinous Breast Carcinoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Correlation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1514284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Abstract
Optimising glycaemic control to prevent diabetes-associated complications has received much attention. The associated risk of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, however, is inevitable and can have a significant impact on health. The prevalence of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia tends to increase with advancing age. Elderly people are intrinsically prone to hypoglycaemia. Ageing attenuates the glucose counter-regulatory and symptomatic response to hypoglycaemia, particularly in the presence of a longer duration of diabetes. Multiple co-morbidities and polypharmacy correlated with advancing age also increase the hypoglycaemic risk. In addition to the acute adverse effects of hypoglycaemia, such as fall with injury, cardiovascular events and mortality, a hypoglycaemic episode can have long-term consequences. Repeated episodes may have a significant psychological impact and are also a risk factor for dementia. Because of the heterogeneous health status of the elderly, not all will benefit from optimal glycaemic control. Setting an individual glycaemic target and formulating a management plan that takes account of the patient's circumstances combined with balancing the benefit and risk of diabetes intervention to avoid hypoglycaemia is a more practical approach to the management of elderly diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among the elderly. Elderly people are particularly at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency because of the high prevalence of atrophic gastritis-associated food-cobalamin (vitamin B12) malabsorption, and the increasing prevalence of pernicious anaemia with advancing age. The deficiency most often goes unrecognised because the clinical manifestations are highly variable, often subtle and non-specific, but if left undiagnosed the consequences can be serious. Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, however, is not straightforward as laboratory tests have certain limitations. Setting a cut-off level to define serum vitamin B12 deficiency is difficult; though homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are more sensitive for vitamin B12 deficiency, it may give false result in some conditions and the reference intervals are not standardised. At present, there is no consensus or guideline for diagnosis of this deficiency. It is most often based on the clinical symptoms together with laboratory assessment (low serum vitamin B12 level and elevated serum homocysteine or methylmalonic acid level) and the response to treatment to make definitive diagnosis. Treatment and replacement with oral vitamin B12 can be as effective as parenteral administration even in patients with pernicious anaemia. The suggested oral vitamin B12 dose is 1 mg daily for a month, and then maintenance dose of 125 to 250 µg for patients with dietary insufficiency and 1 mg daily for those with pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 replacement is safe and without side-effects, but prompt treatment is required to reverse the damage before it becomes extensive or irreversible. At present, there is no recommendation for mass screening for vitamin B12 in the elderly. Nevertheless, the higher prevalence with age, increasing risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly, symptoms being difficult to recognise, and availability of safe treatment options make screening a favourable option. However, the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tool or gold standard test makes screening difficult to carry out.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Huang SW, Zhou H, Yang J, McMillan JF, Matsko A, Yu M, Kwong DL, Maleki L, Wong CW. Mode-locked ultrashort pulse generation from on-chip normal dispersion microresonators. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:053901. [PMID: 25699441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe generation of stable mode-locked pulse trains from on-chip normal dispersion microresonators. The excitation of hyperparametric oscillation is facilitated by the local dispersion disruptions induced by mode interactions. The system is then driven from hyperparametric oscillation to the mode-locked state with over 200 nm spectral width by controlled pump power and detuning. With the continuous-wave-driven nonlinearity, the pulses sit on a pedestal, akin to a cavity soliton. We identify the importance of pump detuning and wavelength-dependent quality factors in stabilizing and shaping the pulse structure, to achieve a single pulse inside the cavity. We examine the mode-locking dynamics by numerically solving the master equation and provide analytic solutions under appropriate approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Huang
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Yang
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J F McMillan
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Matsko
- OEwaves Inc., Pasadena, California 91107, USA
| | - M Yu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - D-L Kwong
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - L Maleki
- OEwaves Inc., Pasadena, California 91107, USA
| | - C W Wong
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Chan BCL, Han XQ, Lui SL, Wong CW, Wang TBY, Cheung DWS, Cheng SW, Ip M, Han SQB, Yang XS, Jolivalt C, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Fung KP. Combating against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - two fatty acids from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) exhibit synergistic effects with erythromycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:107-16. [PMID: 25212982 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify the active ingredients from Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) that could provide synergism with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their possible mechanisms of resistance inhibition. METHODS High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a panel of laboratory MRSA strains were used for checkerboard and efflux inhibitory assays. KEY FINDINGS Linoleic and oleic acids were identified from HSCCC fraction 18 of PO with synergistic antibacterial activity when combined with erythromycin against RN4220/pUL5054. Ethidium bromide efflux inhibitory studies revealed that linoleic and oleic acids may interfere the activity of MsrA pump. By comparing among a panel of linoleic and oleic acids analogues, unsaturated fatty acids in salt form with cis configuration and an increase in number of double bonds were found to further increase the antibacterial activity when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. CONCLUSION This study reported for the first time that two active ingredients, namely linoleic and oleic acids, were identified from PO with synergistic antibacterial activity when combined with erythromycin against MRSA RN4220/pUL5054 and possibly act by inhibiting the efflux pumps of the bacteria cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C L Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sthaneshwar P, Vethakkan SR, Wong CW. Causes of Low HbA1c in Malaysian University Hospital. Med J Malaysia 2014; 69:175-177. [PMID: 25500845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) most accurately reflects the previous two to three months of glycaemic control. HbA1c should be measured regularly in all patients with diabetes, and values should be maintained below 7% to prevent the risk of chronic complications. Apart from the genetic variants of haemoglobins many other conditions also known to affect HbA1c measurements. In this study we evaluated the conditions that cause low HbA1c results. METHODS AND MATERIALS The data was collected retrospectively HbA1c was measured in our laboratory by Biorad Variant II turbo 2.0. The method is based on chromatographic separation of HbA1c on a cation exchange cartridge. This method has been certified by National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Programme (NGSP). 58437 requests were received in a period of one year (January to December 2011). Medical records were reviewed to identify the conditions that might be associated with these low values. RESULTS Among 58437 samples analysed, 53 patients had HbA1c levels < 4.0%. Fourteen patients had haemoglobinopathy. In 34 patients without Hb variants had conditions such as chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, haemolytic anaemia, pregnancy, and anaemia of chronic disease. Five non-pregnant individuals who were screened for diabetes mellitus had HbA1c levels < 4%. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the importance of that both laboratories and the physicians should be aware of the factors that can influence the HbA1c results. The haematological status should be taken into consideration for proper interpretation of HbA1c results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sthaneshwar
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S R Vethakkan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C W Wong
- University Malaya Medical Centre, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cheuk YY, Lo WK, Chan SK, Wong CW. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour Causing Chronic Diarrhoea: Radiological-Pathological Correlations. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1412150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Law WK, Wang D, Nie X, Sheng D, Song G, Guo K, Wei P, Ouyang P, Wong CW, Zhou GC. Synthesis and discovery of andrographolide derivatives as non-steroidal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some 14β-phenoxy substituted derivatives of andrographolide were designed, synthesized and investigated as FXR novel antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Kit Law
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited
- Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dekuan Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Genrui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited
- Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Yiu MK, Li CM, Hou SM, Wong CW, Tam S, Chu SK. Reliability and validity of the overactive bladder symptom score in Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:504-10. [PMID: 23787257 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the Hong Kong Chinese translation of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaire (OABSS-HKC). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Five urology clinics of different regional hospitals in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted for Hong Kong Chinese, according to the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures. Chinese-speaking patients with overactive bladder symptoms were recruited from five urology clinics. The patients completed the OABSS-HKC, a 3-day micturition diary, International Prostate Symptom Scores, and the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition questionnaires (visit 1), and again after a 2-week interval (visit 2). Test-retest reliability was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient and weighted Kappa coefficient. The relationship between OABSS-HKC total scores and items in the comparison measures was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. RESULTS The OABSS-HKC was successfully translated and culturally adapted. Fifty-one patients completed the validation study. A high level of reliability was observed between the OABSS-HKC total score answered at visit 1 and 2 for all subjects (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.82) and among the four items answered (weighted Kappa coefficients, 0.57-0.75). The OABSS-HKC total score correlated significantly with numbers of micturitions, incontinence and urgency episodes recorded in the 3-day micturition diary, as well as the total International Prostate Symptom Scores and the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition score. However, the OABSS-HKC total score was not significantly associated with nocturia episodes, total voided volume, or number of pads used. CONCLUSIONS The OABSS-HKC total scores are reliable and moderately valid for the quantitative evaluation of overactive bladder symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese-speaking adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Yiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Wong CW, O WS, Tang F. Intermedin in rat uterus: changes in gene expression and peptide levels across the estrous cycle and its effects on uterine contraction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:13. [PMID: 23442365 PMCID: PMC3598482 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study demonstrates the expression of intermedin (IMD) and its receptor components in the uterus of the female rat during the estrous cycle and its effect on uterine contraction. METHODS The gene expression level of intermedin and its receptor components and the peptide level of intermedin were studied by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) respectively. The separation of precursor and mature IMD was studied by gel filtration chromatography and EIA. The localization of IMD in the uterus was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of IMD on in vitro uterine contraction was studied by organ bath technique. RESULTS Uterine mRNAs of Imd and its receptor components and IMD levels displayed cyclic changes across the estrous cycle. Imd mRNA level was the highest at proestrus while the IMD level was the highest at diestrus. IMD was found in the luminal and glandular epithelia and IMD treatment significantly reduced the amplitude and frequency of uterine contraction but not the basal tone. Both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist hCGRP8-37 and adrenomedullin (ADM) receptor antagonist hADM22-52 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of IMD on uterine contraction while the specific IMD receptor antagonist hIMD17-47 completely blocked the actions. The enzyme inhibitors of NO (L-NAME) and PI3K (Wortmannin) pathways diminished the IMD effects on uterine contraction while the cAMP/PKA blocker, KT5720, had no effect, indicating an involvement of NO and PI3K/Akt but not PKA. CONCLUSIONS IMD and the gene expression of its receptor components are differentially regulated in the uterus during the estrous cycle and IMD inhibits uterine contraction by decreasing the amplitude and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wai Wong
- Departments of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Pokfulam, China
| | - Wai-Sum O
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Pokfulam, China
- Center of Growth, Reproduction and Development, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Pokfulam, China
| | - Fai Tang
- Departments of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Pokfulam, China
- Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Pokfulam, China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of ∼22-nucleotide endogenous noncoding RNAs which regulate target gene expression via repressing translation or promoting mRNAs degradation. Any individual mammalian miRNA often has more than a hundred predicted mRNA targets and that close to one thirds of all mRNA transcripts bear one or more conserved miRNA binding sites in their 3'-untranslated region. Enrichment analysis of miRNA targets has become a standard technique to elucidating hierarchical functions of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks. In this protocol, we discuss analytical methods and use of computational tools in a step-by-step manner. Important details are also provided to help researchers choose more appropriate tools for a given type of analysis. Available Web-based resources for enrichment analysis of miRNA targets are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li-Tsang CWP, Wong ASK, Chan JY, Lee AYT, Lam MCY, Wong CW, Lu Z. An investigation of visual contour integration ability in relation to writing performance in primary school students. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33:2271-2278. [PMID: 22846174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A previous study found a visual deficit in contour integration in English readers with dyslexia (Simmers & Bex, 2001). Visual contour integration may play an even more significant role in Chinese handwriting particularly due to its logographic presentation (Lam, Au, Leung, & Li-Tsang, 2011). The current study examined the relationship between children's performance in visual contour (VC) integration and Chinese handwriting. Twenty students from grade 3 to grade 6 were recruited (M=9.51, SD=1.02) from a mainstream primary school using the convenience sampling method. Ten students were identified by teachers as having handwriting problems, and the other 10 were typical students. Participants performed the VC tasks and their handwriting performance was assessed by a Chinese Handwriting Assessment Tool (CHAT) in a classroom setting. Correlation analyses revealed that VC accuracy was significantly and negatively correlated with on paper time and total writing duration. t-Test analyses revealed statistically significant differences in VC accuracy between students with typical and poor handwriting, with consistently better VC accuracy performance in all conditions in the typical handwriting group. The results may have important implications for interventions aiming at improving children's handwriting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia W P Li-Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Islam AF, Walkden-Brown SW, Wong CW, Groves PJ, Burgess SK, Arzey KE, Young PL. Influence of vaccine deposition site on post-vaccinal viraemia and vaccine efficacy in broiler chickens following in ovo vaccination against Marek's disease. Avian Pathol 2012; 30:525-33. [PMID: 19184942 DOI: 10.1080/03079450120078725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In ovo vaccination against Marek's disease is a widely used technology in the broiler industry.A series of experiments was carried out to determine the site of vaccine deposition in the egg during automated in ovo vaccination, and the effect of vaccine deposition site and dose on vaccine responses following vaccination with cell-associated herpesvirus of turkeys in commercial broiler chickens. Vaccine deposition site following automated in ovo vaccination was principally influenced by the age of embryo, with egg size having a smaller effect. The frequency of vaccine deposition inside the embryo body increased as incubation progressed from day 17.5 to 19.5. In experiments using manual vaccine deposition intra-embryonically (IE) or extra-embryonically (EE) at day 18.5, EE vaccine deposition resulted in a significantly delayed development of post-vaccinal viraemia relative to both IE vaccination and subcutaneous vaccination at hatch. There were no effects of vaccine dose (2000, 4000 or 8000 plaque forming units) on the timing of post-vaccinal viraemia. The timing of post-vaccinal viraemia was found to be a good indicator of the level of protection provided by the vaccine against challenge with earlier viraemia associated with better protection. IE vaccine deposition induced significantly greater protection than EE deposition against challenge with a virulent strain of Marek's disease virus. IE deposition consistently produced a high level of protection (68 to 84%) irrespective of vaccine dose or challenge day, while EE vaccine deposition produced no or low levels of protection (0 to 27%) depending on the vaccine dose and day of challenge. The growth of challenged chickens was also affected by site of vaccine deposition, with significantly higher live weights at day 56 of age in IE compared with EE vaccinated groups. These data suggest that the site of vaccine deposition within the embryo is an important determinant of the success of in ovo vaccination.
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Gesuele F, Sfeir MY, Koh WK, Murray CB, Heinz TF, Wong CW. Ultrafast supercontinuum spectroscopy of carrier multiplication and biexcitonic effects in excited states of PbS quantum dots. Nano Lett 2012; 12:2658-2664. [PMID: 22149990 DOI: 10.1021/nl2021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the population dynamics of multiple excitons in PbS quantum dots using spectrally resolved ultrafast supercontinuum transient absorption (SC-TA) measurements. We simultaneously probe the first three excitonic transitions. The transient spectra show the presence of bleaching of absorption for the 1S(h)-1S(e) transition, as well as transients associated with the 1P(h)-1P(e) transition. We examine signatures of carrier multiplication (multiple excitons arising from a single absorbed photon) from analysis of the bleaching features in the limit of low absorbed photon numbers (left angle bracket N(abs) right angle bracket ∼ 10(-2)) for pump photon energies from two to four times that of the band gap. The efficiency of multiple-exciton generation is discussed both in terms of the ratio between early- to long-time transient absorption signals and of a broadband global fit to the data. Analysis of the population dynamics shows that bleaching associated with biexciton population is red shifted with respect to the single exciton feature, which is in accordance with a positive binding energy for the biexciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gesuele
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.
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Lu N, Wang W, Liu J, Wong CW. Protein kinase C epsilon affects mitochondrial function through estrogen-related receptor alpha. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1473-8. [PMID: 21596133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family have been implicated in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Many of these processes are energy demanding. How PKCs affect mitochondrial function to regulate energy production is not well defined. Using an inhibitor Gö6983 with broad specificity, we found that inhibiting PKCs reduced mitochondrial mass and altered mitochondrial function characterized by elevations in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These alterations indicated that Gö6983 suppressed the activities of mitochondrial regulators such as estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). Indeed, Gö6983 dose-dependently suppressed the expression levels of ERRα-target genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD). Conversely, PKC activator phorbol ester (PMA) enhanced the expression level of another ERRα-target gene pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4). This PMA-mediated induction of PDK4 was blunted by an ERRα inverse agonist XCT-790, suggesting that ERRα plays a role in mediating the effects of PKCs on mitochondrial function. By over-expressing constitutively active forms of PKCs, we found that PKCε preferentially stimulated the transcription activity of ERRα. Through mutating residues on ERRα, we established that this PKCε-induced ERRα activity involves threonine 106, serine 110, and threonine 124 of ERRα. Collectively, these pieces of evidence suggest that ERRα plays an important role down-stream of PKCε to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Gao M, Wang J, Lu N, Fang F, Liu J, Wong CW. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases promote mitochondrial biogenesis in part through inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β expression. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1813:1239-44. [PMID: 21458501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases to promote cell growth. Mitochondrial biogenesis is an integral part of cell growth. How growth factor regulates mitochondrial biogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we found that mitochondrial mass was specifically reduced upon serum starvation and induced upon re-feeding with serum. Using mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases inhibitor U0126, we found that the mRNA expression levels of ATP synthase, cytochrome-C, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and mitofusin 2 were reduced. Since the transcriptional levels of these genes are under the control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and -1β (PGC-1α and PGC-1β), we examined and found that only the mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1β were suppressed. Importantly, over-expression of PGC-1β partially reversed the reduction of mitochondrial mass upon U0126 treatment. Thus, we conclude that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases direct mitochondrial biogenesis through selectively inducing PGC-1β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Gao
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 China
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Gao M, Wang J, Wang W, Liu J, Wong CW. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase affects mitochondrial function in part through inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β expression. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1000-8. [PMID: 21054343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), commonly observed in cancer, is believed to promote cancer cell growth and survival. Appropriate mitochondrial function is an integral part of cellular function. How PI3K affects mitochondrial homeostasis is not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mitochondrial mass, membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by three different fluorogenic probes. Gene expression at the levels of mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis. KEY RESULTS Using the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and PI103, we found that suppressing PI3K activity altered mitochondrial function. Specifically, LY294002 and PI103 suppressed the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial regulators nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1 and NRF2). As NRF1 and NRF2 are under the transcriptional control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivators-1α and -1β (PGC-1α and PGC-1β), we found that suppressing PI3K activity selectively reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1β but not PGC-1α. Reducing PGC-1β expression also led to reduced mRNA expression levels of uncoupling protein 1, 2 (UCP1 and UCP2) and superoxide dismutase 2. Correspondingly, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ(m)) and ROS levels were increased. Finally, we partially blunted the LY294002-mediated growth suppression by using an antioxidant or over-expressing PGC-1β. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PI3K regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in part through PGC-1β and blocking this pathway induces ROS to arrest cell growth at the G₁ phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Gao
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Xu J, Liao X, Lu N, Liu W, Wong CW. Chromatin-modifying drugs induce miRNA-153 expression to suppress Irs-2 in glioblastoma cell lines. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2527-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Lau KM, Fu LH, Wong YL, Lau CP, Wong CW, Cheng L, Lau CBS, Ooi VEC, Chan PKS, Fung KP, Hui M, Leung PC. Efficacy and active components of herbal extracts on the treatment of tinea pedis. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17 Suppl 2:44-47. [PMID: 21368337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Guan M, Qu L, Tan W, Chen L, Wong CW. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha regulates liver triglyceride metabolism in part through secreted phospholipase A₂ GXIIB. Hepatology 2011; 53:458-66. [PMID: 21274867 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4α) is an important transcription factor governing the expression of genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Secreted phospholipase A(2) GXIIB (PLA(2) GXIIB) is an atypical member of a class of secreted phospholipases A(2) . We establish in this study that PLA(2) GXIIB is an HNF-4α target gene. We demonstrate that HNF-4α binds to a response element on the PLA(2) GXIIB promoter. Moreover, HNF-4α agonists induce PLA(2) GXIIB expression in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Importantly, PLA(2) GXIIB-null mice accumulate triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acids in the liver and develop severe hepatosteatosis resembling some of the phenotypes of liver-specific HNF-4α-null mice. These defects are in part due to compromised hepatic very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Finally, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of HNF-4α elevates serum triglyceride level in wild-type but not PLA(2) GXIIB-null mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, these evidences suggest that HNF-4α is a key physiological PLA(2) GXIIB transcriptional regulator and that PLA(2) GXIIB is a novel mediator of triglyceride metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guan
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Science City, China
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Liao X, Wang Y, Wong CW. Troglitazone induces cytotoxicity in part by promoting the degradation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α protein. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:771-81. [PMID: 20860658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Troglitazone (Tro), rosiglitazone (Rosi) and pioglitazone (Pio) are anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones that function as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ); however, Tro has been withdrawn from the market due to liver toxicity issues. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Tro has been suggested to be an important mechanism behind its cytotoxicity. Constitutively active nuclear hormone receptors, oestrogen-related receptor α and γ are thought to regulate mitochondrial mass and oxidative phosphorylation together with their co-activators PPARγ co-activator-1α and -1β (PGC-1α and PGC-1β). Hence, in this study, we investigated whether Tro affects the expression and activity levels of these regulators. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cellular viability was measured by an ATP-based assay. Mitochondrial mass and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by two different fluorogenic probes. Apoptosis was measured by an Annexin-V-based kit. Gene expression at the levels of mRNA and protein was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis. Over-expression of PGC-1α was mediated by an adenovirus. KEY RESULTS Tro, but not Rosi or Pio, selectively stimulated PGC-1α protein degradation. As a result, Tro reduced mitochondrial mass, and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 expressions, but induced ROS to initiate apoptosis. Using a ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor MG132, it was established that blocking PGC-1α degradation partially suppressed the reduction of mitochondrial mass. Importantly, over-expressing PGC-1α partially restored the Tro-suppressed mitochondrial mass and attenuated the cytotoxic effects of Tro. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these results suggest that PGC-1α degradation is an important mechanism behind the cytotoxic effects of Tro in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liao
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Fang F, Wong CW. Troglitazone is an estrogen-related receptor alpha and gamma inverse agonist. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:80-5. [PMID: 20298676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As a ligand for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), troglitazone inhibits cell growth by mechanisms besides activating PPAR gamma. In this study, we found that troglitazone interfered with the interactions between estrogen-related receptor alpha and gamma (ERR alpha and ERR gamma) and their coactivator PPAR gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) functioning as an inverse agonist. Additionally, troglitazone suppressed the expressions of PGC-1 alpha and its related member PGC-1 beta which are key regulators of mitochondrial function. Consequently, troglitazone reduced mitochondrial mass and suppressed the expressions of superoxide dismutases to elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The increase in ROS in turn induced the expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21(WAF1). We therefore propose that ERR alpha and ERR gamma are alternative targets of troglitazone important for mediating its growth suppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
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