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Mons MR, Chapman KB, Terwiel C, Joosten EA, Kallewaard JW. Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation as Compared With L2 Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in Pain Relief for Nonoperated Discogenic Low Back Pain: Analysis of Two Prospective Studies. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:172-177. [PMID: 37191612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.04.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic discogenic low back pain (CD-LBP) is caused by degenerated disks marked by neural and vascular ingrowth. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be effective for pain relief in patients who are not responsive to conventional treatments. Previously, the pain-relieving effect of two variations of SCS has been evaluated in CD-LBP: Burst SCS and L2 dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS). The aim of this study is to compare the effectivity in pain relief and pain experience of Burst SCS with that of conventional L2 DRGS in patients with CD-LBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were implanted with either Burst SCS (n = 14) or L2 DRGS with conventional stimulation (n = 15). Patients completed the numeric pain rating score (NRS) for back pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) and EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires at baseline, and at three, six, and 12 months after implantation. Data were compared between time points and between groups. RESULTS Both Burst SCS and L2 DRGS significantly decreased NRS, ODI, and EQ-5D scores as compared with baseline. L2 DRGS resulted in significantly lower NRS scores at 12 months and significantly increased EQ-5D scores at six and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Both L2 DRGS and Burst SCS resulted in reduction of pain and disability, and increased quality of life in patients with CD-LBP. L2 DRGS provided significantly increased pain relief and improvement in quality of life when compared with Burst SCS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial registration numbers for the study are NCT03958604 and NL54405.091.15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn R Mons
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Pain Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kenneth B Chapman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Chris Terwiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert A Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Pain Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Kallewaard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vanneste T, Belba A, Kallewaard JW, van Kuijk SMJ, Gelissen M, Emans P, Bellemans J, Smeets K, Terwiel C, Van Boxem K, Sommer M, Van Zundert J. Comparison of cooled versus conventional radiofrequency treatment of the genicular nerves for chronic knee pain: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized pilot trial (COCOGEN trial). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48:197-204. [PMID: 36653065 PMCID: PMC10086476 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency (RF) treatment of the genicular nerves has the potential to reduce chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis or persistent postsurgical pain, however, a direct comparison between the two main modalities used, conventional and cooled, is lacking. METHODS This double blind, non-inferiority, pilot, randomized controlled trial compared the effects of cooled and conventional RF in chronic knee pain patients suffering from osteoarthritis or persistent postsurgical pain after total knee arthroplasty. Patients were randomized following a 1:1 rate. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with ≥50% pain reduction at 3 months postintervention. Other outcomes were knee pain, functionality, quality of life, emotional health, and adverse events up to 6 months postintervention. Conventional RF treatment was tested for non-inferiority to cooled in reducing knee pain at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS Forty-nine of 70 patients were included, of which 47 completed a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was achieved in 4 of 23 patients treated with conventional RF (17%) vs in 8 of 24 with cooled (33%) (p=0,21). Results from the non-inferiority comparison were inconclusive in relation to the non-inferiority margin. There was no statistically significant difference between secondary outcomes. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Both conventional and cooled RF treatment reduced pain in the osteoarthritis and persistent postsurgical pain population. This pilot study did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients experiencing ≥50% pain reduction between techniques. The non-inferiority analysis was inconclusive. These results warrant further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03865849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Vanneste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Belba
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Sander M J van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Gelissen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Emans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bellemans
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- GRIT Belgian sports clinic, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Smeets
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, BIOMED REVAL Rehabilitation Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Chris Terwiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Rijnstate, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Van Boxem
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Micha Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Zundert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Mons MR, Chapman KB, Terwiel C, Joosten EA, Kallewaard JW. A prospective study of BurstDR™ spinal cord stimulation for non-operated discogenic low back pain. Pain Pract 2023; 23:234-241. [PMID: 36373868 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic discogenic low back pain (CD-LBP) is caused by degeneration of the disc due to trauma to the annulus or by unprovoked degeneration, resulting in chronic pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) employing the BurstDR™ waveform has been shown to be an effective treatment in a variety of chronic pain conditions. The aim of this prospective case study was to determine the effect of BurstDR™ SCS on pain relief, disability, and patient satisfaction in a population with CD-LBP. METHODS Seventeen subjects with CD-LBP received a SCS trial with BurstDR™ stimulation. Patients with >50% pain relief after a trial period of 2 weeks were permanently implanted (n = 15). Patients then rated LBP and leg pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), patient global impression of change (PGIC), EQ-5D quality of life, and painDETECT for neuropathic pain at baseline following trial, 3, 6, and 12 months after permanent implantation. RESULTS Treatment with BurstDR™ SCS resulted in significant reduction of LBP as the NRS was reduced from 71.7 ± 7.3 at baseline to 42.5 ± 18.1 at 12 months. Average pain relief at 12 months was 42.5%. In patients with leg pain (n = 8), pain was significantly reduced from 66.9 ± 8.2 to 11.7 ± 10.4 at 12 months. PainDETECT scores for neuropathic pain significantly reduced from 18.9 ± 4.8 at baseline, and 14.8 ± 3.2 at 12 months. Baseline ODI score significantly reduced from 41.2 ± 12.8 to 25.8 ± 8.6 at 12 months. PGIC scores remained low from 2.6 ± 1.6 at 3 months, 2.5 ± 1.0 at 6 months, and 2.5 ± 1.3 at 12 months. EQ-5D-5L rates remained constant from baseline 56.10 ± 23.9 to 68.6 ± 12.9 at 12 months. CONCLUSION BurstDR™ SCS resulted in significant reduction of back pain, leg pain, and quality of life in patients with CD-LBP and decreased the level of disability and generated positive patient satisfaction scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn R Mons
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Pain Clinic Maastricht (UPCM) Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth B Chapman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Departement of Anesthesiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Chris Terwiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert A Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Pain Clinic Maastricht (UPCM) Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Kallewaard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Managmenent, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kallewaard JW, Geurts JW, Terheggen M, Terwiel C, Kessels A, van Kleef M, Willems PC. No Transfer of Pressure to Adjacent Discs During Human Low-Pressure Controlled Discography: A Prospective Clinical Study. Pain Med 2018; 19:29-39. [PMID: 28379575 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background A substantial part of low back pain (LBP) originates from degeneration of the intervertebral disc. To confirm the diagnosis of discogenic pain, provocation discography seems the best available tool. However, provocation discography is also considered to be a controversial and subjective test because the patient's personal pain response is the most crucial for the result of the test. Recently, an in vivo porcine study and a study in nine human subjects showed passing of pressure to the adjacent discs during discography. This could mean that the concordant pain the patient describes originates from an adjacent disc. The object of this study is to assess if during human lumbar pressure-controlled provocation discography there is pressure transmission to adjacent discs. Methods Consecutive patients between age 18 and 65 years with intractable low back pain and at least 50% preserved height of the suspected painful disc were included. Exclusion criteria were prior lumbar surgery of the suspected level, use of anticoagulants, pregnancy, local infection, and iodine allergy. An arterial blood pressure monitoring system simultaneously assessed the pressure in the adjacent discs while low-speed flow, pressure-controlled discography was performed. Results In 50 patients with a positive discography, the average intradiscal peak pressure was 15.1 psi (SD = 11.1). In 48 procedures, no pressure rise in the adjacent discs was found. A small pressure rise (1.1 psi) in the adjacent disc during discography was recorded in two patients. Conclusions Pressure rise in adjacent discs does not seem to occur during low-speed flow pressure-controlled lumbar provocation discography. False-positive pain reactions caused by potentially painful adjacent discs are therefore unlikely during pressure-controlled discography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Kallewaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - José W Geurts
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands.,Departments of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Maastricht
| | - Michel Terheggen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Terwiel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management Arnhem, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paul C Willems
- Orthopaedic Surgery Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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