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Opitz A, Vogel L, Lux U, Liel C, Löchner J. Psychosocial Stressors and Resources in Parents Using Home-Visiting Programs in Early Childhood: A Study Protocol. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2023; 72:515-528. [PMID: 37830890 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2023.72.6.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stressors and resources present in the early life of a child play a crucial part in determining outcomes later in life. Preventive early childhood intervention services aim to reduce negative and increase positive outcomes. Home-visiting programs are an example for preventive services that are common in many countries.The present study focusses on a wide spread home-visiting program in Germany and has three main objectives: First, to characterize the professionals that conduct and the families who participate in the program. Second, to study relations between a broad range of resources and stressors. Third, to analyse potential outcome variables for future efficacy studies on early childhood intervention services. The goal is to recruit 130 professionals and 500 families from 20 cities and municipalities in Germany. For families with two caregivers, both are invited to participate. Questionnaire topics for professionals and families include a range of stressors and resources, need for support, and the work focus of the professionals. Statistical analyses will mainly be descriptive, exploring the complex interplay of stressors and resources in vulnerable families.These results will not only provide insights into how the program is currently conducted and whom it serves, but might also help to further accelerate the program and the training of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Opitz
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute Germany
| | - Lea Vogel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute Germany
| | | | - Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute Germany
- Department of Family Welfare and Child Protection, German Youth Institute, Munich Germany
| | - Johanna Löchner
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, UniversityHospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Germany
- DZPG (German Center of Mental Health), Tübingen, Germany Germany
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Ahmling MK, Lorenz S, Eickhorst A, Menrath I, Liel C. [Adverse Childhood Experiences in Mothers and Intergenerational Family Violence]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2023; 72:483-500. [PMID: 37830887 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2023.72.6.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
For children, own adverse experiences, as well as their exposure to intimate partner violence poses a severe risk for health and development. In order to answer the question of intergenerational transmission of family violence, adverse childhood experiences in mothers are considered to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence in families, which, however, has been little studied in Germany. Therefore, this paper uses cross-sectional data of 5.646 mothers that was taken fromthe representative study "Kinder in Deutschland - KiD 0-3". Multiple binary-logical regression models were calculated in order to examine the influence ofmaternal adverse childhood experiences on various forms of family violence. As a result, 823 mothers (9,3 %) reported adverse childhood experiences; 157 (2,8 %) admitted that their child had already been exposed to physical harm or harsh punishment, and 168 (3,0%) reported intimate partner violence since the birth of their child, respectively 493 (8,7 %) since any past relationship. Taking demographic and socioeconomic factors into account, the occurrence of all three forms of violence becamemore likely inmothers with adverse childhood experiences: physical harm of the child (OR = 2,78, p ≤ 0,001), current intimate partner violence of themother (OR = 3,76, p ≤ 0,001), as well as her lifetime experiences in general (OR = 3,67, p ≤ 0,001). Therefore, the support and guidance of families (e.g., by early childhood interventions) should take into account the connection between negative maternal childhood experiences, as well as familial forms of violence, and, if applicable, make generous preventative offers. In case of signs for familial violence, additional protective steps should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kristin Ahmling
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg (Wümme) Deutschland
| | - Simon Lorenz
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München; Deutschland
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München Deutschland
- Hochschule Hannover, Fakultät für Diakonie, Gesundheit und Soziales Deutschland
| | - Ingo Menrath
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck Deutschland
| | - Christoph Liel
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V. Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik Nockherstraße 2 81541 München Deutschland
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Vogel L, Färber T, Hölzl I, Deliens T, Henning C, Liel C, Löchner J, Lux U, Opitz A, Seiferth C, Versele V, Wolstein J, van Poppel MNM. I-PREGNO - prevention of unhealthy weight gain and psychosocial stress in families during pregnancy and postpartum using an mHealth enhanced intervention: a study protocol of two cluster randomized controlled trials. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:418. [PMID: 37280529 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition to parenthood represents a critical life period with psychosocial, and behavioral changes and challenges for parents. This often increases stress and leads to unhealthy weight gain in families, especially in psychosocially burdened families. Although universal and selective prevention programs are offered to families, specific support often fails to reach psychosocially burdened families. Digital technologies are a chance to overcome this problem by enabling a low-threshold access for parents in need. However, there is currently a lack of smartphone-based interventions that are tailored to the needs of psychosocially burdened families. AIMS The research project I-PREGNO aims to develop and evaluate a self-guided, smartphone-based intervention in combination with face-to-face counseling delivered by healthcare professionals for the prevention of unhealthy weight gain and psychosocial problems. The intervention is specifically tailored to the needs of psychosocially burdened families during the pregnancy and postpartum period. METHODS In two cluster randomized controlled trials in Germany and Austria (N = 400) psychosocially burdened families will be recruited and randomized to i) treatment as usual (TAU), or ii) I-PREGNO intervention (self-guided I-PREGNO app with counseling sessions) and TAU. We expect higher acceptance and better outcomes on parental weight gain and psychosocial stress in the intervention group. DISCUSSION The intervention offers a low cost and low-threshold intervention and considers the life situation of psychosocially burdened families who are a neglected group in traditional prevention programs. After positive evaluation, the intervention may easily be implemented in existing perinatal care structures in European countries such as Germany and Austria. TRIAL REGISTRATION Both trials were registered prospectively at the German Clinical Trials Register (Germany: DRKS00029673; Austria: DRKS00029934) in July and August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vogel
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- National Center for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tanja Färber
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hölzl
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tom Deliens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carmen Henning
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Liel
- National Center for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Löchner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lux
- National Center for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Ansgar Opitz
- National Center for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Seiferth
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Vicka Versele
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörg Wolstein
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Lux U, Müller M, Reck C, Liel C, Walper S. Linking maternal psychopathology to children's excessive crying and sleeping problems in a large representative German sample-The mediating role of social isolation and bonding difficulties. Infancy 2023; 28:435-453. [PMID: 36397657 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attaining self-regulation is a major developmental task in infancy, in which many children show transient difficulties. Persistent, clinically relevant difficulties in self-regulation include excessive crying or sleeping disorders. Many families with affected children are burdened with multiple psychosocial risk. This suggests that regulatory problems are best conceptualized as the maladaptive interplay of overly burdened parents and a dysfunctional parent-child interaction. The current study examines whether social isolation and bonding difficulties function as mediating mechanisms linking maternal psychopathology to (1) children's excessive crying and (2) sleeping problems. The sample comprised N = 6598 mothers (M = 31.51 years) of children between zero to three years of age (M = 14.08 months, 50.1% girls). In addition to socio demographic data, the written questionnaire included information on maternal depression/anxiety, isolation, bonding, and children's regulatory problems. Hypotheses were tested with a mediation model controlling for psychosocial risk and child characteristics. As expected, maternal symptoms of depression/anxiety were linked to infants' excessive crying and sleeping problems. Social isolation and bonding difficulties mediated this association for excessive crying as well as for sleeping problems, but social isolation was a single mediator for sleeping problems only. The findings provide important insights in the mediating pathways linking maternal psychopathology to children's regulatory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lux
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mitho Müller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Reck
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ulrich SM, Lux U, Liel C, Walper S. Long-term effects of targeted prevention programmes for families with young children: A population-based study on parenting stress and children's negative emotionality. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:763-771. [PMID: 35170070 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many prevention programmes for families focus parental adversities and adverse childhood experiences. Effects of such programmes are often examined in clinical trials; there is less research on effects under naturalistic conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between parenting stress and child's negative emotionality, its modification through targeted prevention programmes, and to investigate the effects in the general population. METHODS Data were taken from a sample of n = 903 families with infants (mean age: 13.3 months) who participated in a baseline study (T1) and a follow-up study (T2) 2 years later. The survey included parental self-report measurements on parenting stress and child's negative emotionality (T1 and T2 each) and targeted prevention programmes (T1 only). An autoregressive cross-lagged panel design was used to analyse the association of parenting stress and the child's negative emotionality, including use of targeted prevention programmes as moderator. We also tested if targeted prevention programmes can reduce parenting stress or child's negative emotionality using Propensity Score Matching (PSM). RESULTS Parenting stress at T1 affected children's negative emotionality at T2, but children's negative emotionality at T1 did not affect parenting stress at T2. When targeted prevention was included as moderator, the correlation disappeared among programme users. With PSM, there was no direct effect on parenting stress or child's negative emotionality. But a subsample of parents with high parenting stress at T1 who used targeted prevention at T1 reported less child's negative emotionality problems at T2 than parents who scored high in parenting stress but did not receive targeted prevention at T1. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the spillover from parenting stress to child's negative emotionality may be modified by prevention. Prevention programmes may help to build resources and have a direct positive effect on the child, especially for parents with high parenting stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Ulrich
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lux
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
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Ulrich SM, Walper S, Renner I, Liel C. Characteristics and patterns of health and social service use by families with babies and toddlers in Germany. Public Health 2022; 203:83-90. [PMID: 35033738 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the field of family health, cross-sectoral collaboration is promoted to reach vulnerable groups and overcome the prevention dilemma. To understand the extent to which these measures counteract the effects of social inequality with respect to health and social service uptake, we aim to identify socio-economic, health-related and psychosocial characteristics and patterns that are associated with the (non-)use of services. STUDY DESIGN This was a German representative cross-sectional study of 6860 mothers with a child younger than 48 months who answered the written questionnaire during child developmental examinations at paediatric practices in 2015. METHODS Associations were measured using logistic regression, and characteristics of user patterns were analysed using latent class analysis. RESULTS Mothers using universal services were less likely to report psychosocial stress and had more likely more socio-economic resources than mothers who did not use these services. The selective services pregnancy counselling (18.2%) were predominantly used by mothers who considered abortion during pregnancy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.9), mothers who received social welfare benefits (OR = 2.4), single parents (OR = 1.6) and mothers without social support (OR = 1.5). Four patterns of service use were identified: multi-service users (5.6%), low-service users (22.5%), medical service users (30.5%) and medical and social service users (41.6%). Families with less socio-economic resources were found in both the low-service group and the multi-service group; multi-users were more likely to have children with adverse perinatal characteristics and parenting stress. CONCLUSION We discuss whether low-service users are hard to reach, whereas multi-users are difficult to supply. Overall, there is a need to strengthen early psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Ulrich
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ilona Renner
- National Centre for Early Prevention, Federal Centre for Health Education, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
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Liel C, Eickhorst A, Zimmermann P, Stemmler M, Walper S. Fathers, mothers and family violence: Which risk factors contribute to the occurrence of child maltreatment and exposure to intimate partner violence in early childhood? Findings in a German longitudinal in-depth study. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 123:105373. [PMID: 34801847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family violence, especially child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, in early childhood has a strong impact on negative developmental outcomes. There is evidence of child, parental, and family risk factors. Less is known about paternal than maternal risk factors. OBJECTIVE To identify maternal and paternal predictors of family violence and predictive constellations of risk factors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING According to psychosocial adversity in a larger study, families were stratified into low-, medium- and high-risk groups. Both, mothers and fathers (n = 197/191), were investigated longitudinally across seven months using self-report questionnaires and ratings of the IFEEL Pictures. METHODS χ2-tests, logistic regression models, and prediction configural frequency analysis (P-CFA) were employed. RESULTS Univariate predictors (p < .05) were anxiety and stress in mothers, and insensitivity in recognizing negative child emotions in fathers. Within high-risk levels, paternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were a predictor (z = 2.92, p > .01), proven by P-CFA. Logistic regression models including family violence at baseline, sociodemographic variables, univariate predictors, and ACE of both parents revealed maternal anxiety (OR = 1.22, p < .05) and low paternal recognition of negative IFEEL Pictures (OR = 6.00, p < .05) as predictors. P-CFA identified socioemotional problems in children and low paternal recognition of negative child emotions as a predictive risk constellation (z = 2.58, p > .01). CONCLUSION Analysis of both caregivers in small population samples with oversampled at-risk families leads to a systemic perspective of family violence. The identified risk constellation is highly relevant for early childhood intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- University of Wuppertal, Department of Developmental Psychology, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mark Stemmler
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Psychology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Munich, Germany
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Lorenz S, Ulrich SM, Sann A, Liel C. Self-Reported Psychosocial Stress in Parents With Small Children. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2020; 117:709-716. [PMID: 33559586 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress in early childhood can impair children's health and development. Data on the prevalence of psychosocial stress in families with infants and toddlers in Germany are lacking. Such data could be used to determine the need for prevention and to plan the appropriate preventive measures. METHODS In 2015, a representative cross-sectional study called Kinder in Deutschland- KiD 0-3 was conducted by questionnaire in pediatricians' practices across Germany. Parents taking their children to the U3-U7a child development checks were asked to self-report information about stress in their families. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. RESULTS Data from 7549 families went into the analysis. Stressful situations commonly reported by the parents included unplanned pregnancy (21.3%), parenthoodrelated stress (e.g., self-doubt as to parenting competence, 29.6%), and lack of familial and social support for problems and questions arising in relation to the child, as well as for temporary child care (19.7%). Most types of psychosocial stress varied as a function of the child's age group, as categorized by the particular examination for which the child was presenting at the time of the survey (U3-U7a). Couple distress, lack of social support, signs of depression or anxiety symptoms, or inner anger were more commonly reported by parents attending the later examina - tions. Such problems could be addressed by supportive measures (e.g., parent counseling, early child intervention). CONCLUSION Psychosocial stress affects a large percentage of the parents of small children. A large proportion of parents of small children suffer from psychosocial stress. This should be monitored for accumulation and stability across child development checks and addressed as appropriate. Family practitioners and pediatricians are important partners for effective cooperation between the social system and the health-care system, and for the provision of preventive measures where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lorenz
- Department of Family and Family Politics, National Center for Early Prevention, German YouthInstitute (DJI, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V. ), Munich, Germany
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Liel C, Ulrich SM, Lorenz S, Eickhorst A, Fluke J, Walper S. Risk factors for child abuse, neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence in early childhood: Findings in a representative cross-sectional sample in Germany. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 106:104487. [PMID: 32447140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The KiD 0-3 national main study is a cross-sectional study on adversity in early childhood and parental access to support services, conducted as part of a long-term policy program for early intervention services in Germany. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for child abuse, neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and investigate if parental use of early intervention programs or contact to child welfare services was associated with reported child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 8063 families with infants and toddlers participated in the survey. Parents answered a written questionnaire during mandatory health checks for the child. The sampling was based on a regionally clustered model of pediatricians' practices. METHODS An automatic variable selection process was used to test risk factors and logistic regression models were employed for each outcome. RESULTS Significant risk factors (p < 0.05) for child abuse (1.91 %) were child age, IPV and parental stress. Neglect (0.83 %) was associated with couple distress, adverse childhood experiences, young maternal age, cramped housing, and migration history. IPV (2.98 %) was associated with child age, couple distress, depression/anxiety, harsh punishment, adverse childhood experiences, young maternal age, and poverty. Parents were more likely to use selective prevention programs in cases of child abuse and exposure to IPV. CONCLUSION Child abuse is mainly associated with proximal risk factors and neglect with distal factors. Exposure to IPV violence is associated with child abuse as well as with an accumulation of adversities. The association between service use and child maltreatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne M Ulrich
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lorenz
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty V of Diaconic Studies, Health Care and Social Work, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Fluke
- Kempe Center for the Prevention of Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, United States
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Kumulation von Risikofaktoren ist ein gängiges Kriterium zur Indikation eines frühen Hilfebedarfs. Über die Anzahl und das Ausmaß der psychosozial belasteten Familien in Deutschland ist bislang nur wenig bekannt. Mit Daten von N=7 549 Familien der Studie Kinder in Deutschland – KiD 0 – 3 und einem Inventar aus 25 Risikofaktoren wurde die Klassifizierung der Familien in Risikogruppen anhand einfacher Summenindizes mit den Ergebnissen einer Latenten Klassenanalyse (LCA) verglichen. Während einfache Summenindizes 24 – 30 % der Familien als belastet identifizierten, erzeugte die inhaltlich überlegene LCA eine Vier-Klassen-Lösung mit 59 % unbelasteten und 5 % hochbelasteten Familien. Im mittleren Belastungsbereich unterscheidet sich die Gruppe der sozioökonomisch belasteten Familien (19 %) von Familien mit hohem elterlichem Stress und Konfliktpotenzial (17 %). Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Hinweise für die Versorgungsforschung zu Frühen Hilfen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lorenz
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - Susanne Marlene Ulrich
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - Heinz Kindler
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - Christoph Liel
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München
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Liel C, Meinck F, Steinert JI, Kindler H, Lang K, Eickhorst A. Is the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAPI) a valid measure of child abuse potential among mothers and fathers of young children in Germany? Child Abuse Negl 2019; 88:432-444. [PMID: 30620919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to prevent child abuse, instruments measuring child abuse potential (CAP) need to be appropriate, reliable and valid. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to confirm the 6-factor structure of the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAPI) in a German sample of mothers and fathers, and to examine longitudinal predictors of CAP. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Two waves of data were collected from 197 mothers and 191 fathers of children aged 10-21 months for the "Kinder in Deutschland - KiD 0-3" in-depth study. Families were stratified based on prior self-report data for screening purposes. METHODS 138 fathers and 147 mothers were included in the analysis (invalid: 25% mothers, 30% fathers). First, validity of reporting was examined. Second, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to assess factor structure. Third, internal reliability and criterion validity were examined. Finally, multivariate poisson regressions investigated longitudinal predictors of CAP in mothers. RESULTS A previously established six-factor structure was confirmed for mothers but not fathers. CFA failed for fathers due to large numbers of variables with zero variance. For mothers, internal consistency and criterion validity were good. BCAPI score at follow-up was associated with baseline BCAPI score (β = 00.08), stress (β = 0.06), education (β=-0.19) and alcohol use (β = .58). CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm the six-factor structure of the BCAPI among German mothers. The clinical use of the BCAPI in fathers is not recommended as it might produce data that are hard to interpret. Further research with fathers is needed to establish if this is due to limitations with this dataset or with the questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Liel
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Franziska Meinck
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; OPTENTIA, School of Behavioural Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbeijlpark, South Africa
| | - Janina I Steinert
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Kindler
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Lang
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Child Guidance Center Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Hochschule Hannover, Fakultät V - Diakonie, Gesundheit und Soziales, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Salzmann D, Lorenz S, Liel C. National prevalence Study of psychosocial strains in early childhood - Families living in poverty. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky214.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Lorenz
- German Youth Instiute, Munich, Germany
| | - C Liel
- German Youth Instiute, Munich, Germany
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13
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Salzmann D, Lorenz S, Liel C. Psychosoziale Belastungslagen und Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsangeboten von Familien mit Migrationshintergrund. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Salzmann
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München, Deutschland
| | - S Lorenz
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München, Deutschland
| | - C Liel
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München, Deutschland
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14
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Salzmann D, Eickhorst A, Fullerton B, Lorenz S, Liel C, Schreier A. KID 0 – 3: Die deutsche Prävalenzstudie über Belastungen in den Familien. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Salzmann
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - A Eickhorst
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - B Fullerton
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - S Lorenz
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - C Liel
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München
| | - A Schreier
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Familie und Familienpolitik, München
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15
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Zimmermann P, Vierhaus M, Eickhorst A, Sann A, Egger C, Förthner J, Gerlach J, Iwanski A, Liel C, Podewski F, Wyrwich S, Spangler G. Aufwachsen unter familiärer Belastung in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1262-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Liel C. Programme für Mütter mit schädigendem Erziehungsverhalten, das das Risiko oder den Tatbestand einer Kindeswohlgefährdung darstellt. PEU 2012. [DOI: 10.2378/peu2013.art01d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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