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Gehr S, Balasubramaniam NK, Russmann C. Use of mobile diagnostics and digital clinical trials in cardiology. Nat Med 2023; 29:781-784. [PMID: 37002368 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinje Gehr
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Health Campus Goettingen, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Russmann
- Health Campus Goettingen, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ranaei Pirmardan E, Zhang Y, Barakat A, Naseri M, Russmann C, Hafezi-Moghadam A. Pre-hyperglycemia immune cell trafficking underlies subclinical diabetic cataractogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:6. [PMID: 36694206 PMCID: PMC9872438 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work elucidates the first cellular and molecular causes of cataractogenesis. Current paradigm presupposes elevated blood glucose as a prerequisite in diabetic cataractogenesis. Novel evidence in our model of diabetic cataract challenges this notion and introduces immune cell migration to the lens and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) as underlying causes. METHODS Paucity of suitable animal models has hampered mechanistic studies of diabetic cataract, as most studies were traditionally carried out in acutely induced hyperglycemic animals. We introduced diabetic cataract in the Nile grass rat (NGR) that spontaneously develops type 2 diabetes (T2D) and showed its closeness to the human condition. Specialized stereo microscopy with dual bright-field illumination revealed novel hyperreflective dot-like microlesions in the inner cortical regions of the lens. To study immune cell migration to the lens, we developed a unique in situ microscopy technique of the inner eye globe in combination with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Contrary to the existing paradigm, in about half of the animals, the newly introduced hyper reflective dot-like microlesions preceded hyperglycemia. Even though the animals were normoglycemic, we found significant changes in their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), indicative of the prediabetic stage. The microlesions were accompanied with significant immune cell migration from the ciliary bodies to the lens, as revealed in our novel in situ microscopy technique. Immune cells adhered to the lens surface, some traversed the lens capsule, and colocalized with apoptotic nuclei of the lens epithelial cells (LECs). Extracellular degradations, amorphous material accumulations, and changes in E-cadherin expressions showed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in LECs. Subsequently, lens fiber disintegration and cataract progression extended into cortical, posterior, and anterior subcapsular cataracts. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish a novel role for immune cells in LEC transformation and death. The fact that cataract formation precedes hyperglycemia challenges the prevailing paradigm that glucose initiates or is necessary for initiation of the pathogenesis. Novel evidence shows that molecular and cellular complications of diabetes start during the prediabetic state. These results have foreseeable ramifications for early diagnosis, prevention and development of new treatment strategies in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ranaei Pirmardan
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMolecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory (MBNI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Thorn Research Building, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yuanlin Zhang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMolecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory (MBNI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Thorn Research Building, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aliaa Barakat
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMolecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory (MBNI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Thorn Research Building, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMolecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory (MBNI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Thorn Research Building, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.67033.310000 0000 8934 4045Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christoph Russmann
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMolecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory (MBNI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Thorn Research Building, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Health Campus Göttingen/University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HAWK), Anna-Strasse 25, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMolecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory (MBNI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Thorn Research Building, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Hoffmann H, Pitz I, Adomssent B, Russmann C. Assoziation, Erwartungen und Barrieren eines Exoskeletteinsatzes in kleinen mittelständischen Unternehmen. Zbl Arbeitsmed 2022; 72:68-77. [PMID: 35068706 PMCID: PMC8762628 DOI: 10.1007/s40664-021-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Arbeitsbedingte Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen (MSE) führen in der herstellenden Industrie zu Krankheitstagen und haben erhebliche wirtschaftliche Folgen für die Unternehmen und die Volkswirtschaft. Exoskelette können den Körper im Umgang mit schwerer Last oder in Zwangshaltungen unterstützen. Besonders in großen Unternehmen der Automobilindustrie werden Exoskelette pilotiert. In kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) werden Exoskelette bisher jedoch wenig eingesetzt, und ihre Anwendung dort wurde wissenschaftlich bisher kaum untersucht. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Barrieren der Exoskelett-Implementierung und die Erwartungen an deren Einsatz im produzierenden Gewerbe zu ermitteln. Methode In sechs produzierenden Unternehmen wurden teilstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews durchgeführt und analysiert. Ergebnisse In den Unternehmen werden vielfältige Tätigkeiten bis an die Belastungsgrenze ausgeführt. Allgemein erwartet man durch die Anwendung von Exoskeletten Arbeitserleichterungen sowie wirtschaftliche Vorteile. Bedenken bestehen hinsichtlich des Einsatzes aufgrund des Kostenfaktors, eines ungewissen Nutzens und mangelnden Tragekomforts. Insbesondere werden mangelnde Kenntnisse über den Effekt eines Exoskeletts deutlich. Fazit Die vorgestellten Interviewergebnisse sind ein Schritt im interdisziplinären Prozess der Weiterentwicklung und Implementierung von Exoskeletten in der herstellenden Industrie. Bedenken und Unwissenheit potenzieller Unternehmen und Anwender müssen adressiert werden, auch um eine hohe Nutzerakzeptanz zu schaffen. Folgestudien, die die Ermittlung des Bedarfs mit einer besseren Trennschärfe erheben, könnten weitere Erkenntnisse liefern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Hoffmann
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Gesundheit, HAWK Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Imke Pitz
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Gesundheit, HAWK Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Björn Adomssent
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Gesundheit, HAWK Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Russmann
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Gesundheit, HAWK Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
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Reim A, Ackermann R, Font-Mateu J, Kammel R, Beato M, Nolte S, Mann M, Russmann C, Wierer M. Atomic-resolution mapping of transcription factor-DNA interactions by femtosecond laser crosslinking and mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3019. [PMID: 32541649 PMCID: PMC7295792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate target genes by specific interactions with DNA sequences. Detecting and understanding these interactions at the molecular level is of fundamental importance in biological and clinical contexts. Crosslinking mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to assist the structure prediction of protein complexes but has been limited to the study of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. Here, we present a femtosecond laser-induced crosslinking mass spectrometry (fliX-MS) workflow, which allows the mapping of protein-DNA contacts at single nucleotide and up to single amino acid resolution. Applied to recombinant histone octamers, NF1, and TBP in complex with DNA, our method is highly specific for the mapping of DNA binding domains. Identified crosslinks are in close agreement with previous biochemical data on DNA binding and mostly fit known complex structures. Applying fliX-MS to cells identifies several bona fide crosslinks on DNA binding domains, paving the way for future large scale ex vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reim
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland Ackermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jofre Font-Mateu
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Kammel
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Miguel Beato
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Nolte
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Engineering (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Russmann
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hildesheim/Holzminden/Goettingen (HAWK), Von-Ossietzky-Straße 99, 37085, Göttingen, Germany.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Michael Wierer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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Gottschalk HM, Wecker T, Khattab MH, Fischer CV, Callizo J, Rehfeldt F, Lubjuhn R, Russmann C, Hoerauf H, van Oterendorp C. Lipid Emulsion-Based OCT Angiography for Ex Vivo Imaging of the Aqueous Outflow Tract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:397-406. [PMID: 30682210 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Contrast agents applicable for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging are rare. The intrascleral aqueous drainage system would be a potential application for a contrast agent, because the aqueous veins are of small diameter and located deep inside the highly scattering sclera. We tested lipid emulsions (LEs) as candidate OCT contrast agents in vitro and ex vivo, including milk and the anesthetic substance Propofol. Methods Commercial OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) devices were used. Maximum reflectivity and signal transmission of LE were determined in tube phantoms. Absorption spectra and light scattering was analyzed. The anterior chamber of enucleated porcine eyes was perfused with LEs, and OCTA imaging of the LEs drained via the aqueous outflow tract was performed. Results All LEs showed a significantly higher reflectivity than water (P < 0.001). Higher milk lipid content was positively correlated with maximum reflectivity and negatively with signal transmission. Propofol exhibited the best overall performance. Due to a high degree of signal fluctuation, OCTA could be applied for detection of LE. Compared with blood, the OCTA signal of Propofol was significantly stronger (P = 0.001). As a proof of concept, time-resolved aqueous angiography of porcine eyes was performed. The three-dimensional (3D) structure and dynamics of the aqueous outflow were significantly different from humans. Conclusions LEs induced a strong signal in OCT and OCTA. LE-based OCTA allowed the ability to obtain time-resolved 3D datasets of aqueous outflow. Possible interactions of LE with inner eye's structures need to be further investigated before in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Gottschalk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Mohammed H Khattab
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Josep Callizo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Third Institute of Physics, Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roswitha Lubjuhn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Russmann
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany.,Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hans Hoerauf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Göbel AP, Saur SC, Steinberg JS, Thiele S, Wojek C, Russmann C, Holz FG, For The Modiamd-Study Group. Automated Retinal Image Analysis for Evaluation of Focal Hyperpigmentary Changes in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:3. [PMID: 26966639 PMCID: PMC4782823 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate a software tool for automated detection of focal hyperpigmentary changes (FHC) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Color fundus (CFP) and autofluorescence (AF) photographs of 33 eyes with FHC of 28 AMD patients (mean age 71 years) from the prospective longitudinal natural history MODIAMD-study were included. Fully automated to semiautomated registration of baseline to corresponding follow-up images was evaluated. Following the manual circumscription of individual FHC (four different readings by two readers), a machine-learning algorithm was evaluated for automatic FHC detection. Results The overall pixel distance error for the semiautomated (CFP follow-up to CFP baseline: median 5.7; CFP to AF images from the same visit: median 6.5) was larger as compared for the automated image registration (4.5 and 5.7; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The total number of manually circumscribed objects and the corresponding total size varied between 637 to 1163 and 520,848 pixels to 924,860 pixels, respectively. Performance of the learning algorithms showed a sensitivity of 96% at a specificity level of 98% using information from both CFP and AF images and defining small areas of FHC (“speckle appearance”) as “neutral.” Conclusions FHC as a high-risk feature for progression of AMD to late stages can be automatically assessed at different time points with similar sensitivity and specificity as compared to manual outlining. Upon further development of the research prototype, this approach may be useful both in natural history and interventional large-scale studies for a more refined classification and risk assessment of eyes with intermediate AMD. Translational Relevance Automated FHC detection opens the door for a more refined and detailed classification and risk assessment of eyes with intermediate AMD in both natural history and future interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arno P Göbel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Sarah Thiele
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Cunea A, Meyer J, Russmann C, Licha K, Welker P, Holz FG, Schmitz-Valckenberg S. In vivo Imaging with a Fundus Camera in a Rat Model of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization. Ophthalmologica 2014; 231:117-23. [DOI: 10.1159/000355094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kunert KS, Russmann C, Blum M, Sluyterman V L G. Reply: To PMID 23608569. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013; 39:1792-3. [PMID: 24160403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kunert KS, Russmann C, Blum M, Sluyterman V L G. Reply: To PMID 23608569. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013; 39:1627. [PMID: 24075177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kunert KS, Russmann C, Blum M, Sluyterman V L G. Reply: To PMID 23608569. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013; 39:1628. [PMID: 24075180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kunert KS, Blum M, Reich M, Dick M, Russmann C. Effect of a Suction Device for Femtosecond Laser on Anterior Chamber Depth and Crystalline Lens Position Measured by OCT. J Refract Surg 2009; 25:1005-11. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20091016-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sekundo W, Kunert K, Russmann C, Gille A, Bissmann W, Stobrawa G, Sticker M, Bischoff M, Blum M. First efficacy and safety study of femtosecond lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008; 34:1513-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C Russmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Kaiserlautern, Germany
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Abstract
Nucleic acid-protein interactions are essential for storage, reproduction and expression of genetic information. Biochemical methods, such as dimethyl sulfate genomic footprinting, have been developed to study stable protein-DNA interactions in vivo and chemical crosslinking has been used for less stable interactions, but the chemical agents are slow, damage cells and perturb native equilibria. To avoid these perturbations, UV laser crosslinking offers an alternative, although the energies required for significant crosslinking cause extensive DNA damage. We find that a combination of femtosecond laser pulses at two different wavelengths, in the UV and the visible range, increases the crosslinking efficiency while minimizing DNA damage. This technique also allowed us to directly measure the singlet S1lifetime of native DNA (tauS1 = 3.2 +/- 0.2 ps), which is mainly determined by the lifetime of thymine [tauS1 = 2.8 +/- 0.4 ps for (dT)16], the photochemically most reactive base. Our results suggest that two wavelength femtosecond laser pulses are well suited for the identification of transcription factors interacting with defined sequences and for studying the kinetics of protein-nucleic acid interactions in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Russmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Russmann C, Truss M, Fix A, Naumer C, Herrmann T, Schmitt J, Stollhof J, Beigang R, Beato M. Crosslinking of progesterone receptor to DNA using tuneable nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond UV laser pulses. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:2478-84. [PMID: 9171102 PMCID: PMC146765 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.12.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UV laser crosslinking is a potentially powerful tool to investigate transient DNA-protein interactions and binding kinetics in intact cells. As the processes underlying UV laser crosslinking are not fully understood, we have performed a study of the influence of laser pulses with different physical parameters on crosslinking of the progesterone receptor to an oligonucleotide containing a hormone-responsive element. We also studied the influence of the various parameters on the amount of laser-irradiated DNA that can be correctly primer extended as an operational measurement of DNA integrity. A strong influence of pulse intensity and pulse length on the crosslink yield was found, likely due to a change in the 'two photon' processes responsible for crosslinking. The highest efficiency of protein crosslinking to DNA was achieved with femtosecond pulses and should be sufficient to enable use of this technique for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Russmann
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Emil-Mannkopff-Strasse 2, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
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