1
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van Zyl T, Ho AMH, Klar G, Haley C, Ho AK, Vasily S, Mizubuti GB. Analgesia for rib fractures: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth 2024; 71:535-547. [PMID: 38459368 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-024-02725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rib fracture(s) is a common and painful injury often associated with significant morbidity (e.g., respiratory complications) and high mortality rates, especially in the elderly. Risk stratification and prompt implementation of analgesic pathways using a multimodal analgesia approach comprise a primary endpoint of care to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with rib fractures. This narrative review aims to describe the most recent evidence and care pathways currently available, including risk stratification tools and pharmacologic and regional analgesic blocks frequently used as part of the broadly recommended multimodal analgesic approach. SOURCE Available literature was searched using PubMed and Embase databases for each topic addressed herein and reviewed by content experts. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Four risk stratification tools were identified, with the Study of the Management of Blunt Chest Wall Trauma score as most predictive. Current evidence on pharmacologic (i.e., acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids, ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine) and regional analgesia (i.e., thoracic epidural analgesia, thoracic paravertebral block, erector spinae plane block, and serratus anterior plane block) techniques was reviewed, as was the pathophysiology of rib fracture(s) and its associated complications, including the development of chronic pain and disabilities. CONCLUSION Rib fracture(s) continues to be a serious diagnosis, with high rates of mortality, development of chronic pain, and disability. A multidisciplinary approach to management, combined with appropriate analgesia and adherence to care bundles/protocols, has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality. Most of the risk-stratifying care pathways identified perform poorly in predicting mortality and complications after rib fracture(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theunis van Zyl
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony M-H Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory Klar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Haley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne K Ho
- Department of Public Health Sciences (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Vasily
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Glenio B Mizubuti
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Victory 2 Wing, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada.
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2
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Mohamed N, Albahra S, Haley C. Rat-Bite Fever in a 34-Year-Old Female. Cureus 2023; 15:e42453. [PMID: 37637554 PMCID: PMC10449596 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a rare systemic infectious disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, Spirillum minus, or Streptobacillus notomytis. As the name implies, the disease is typically transmitted by a rat bite. RBF usually presents as a combination of fever, arthritis, and rash. Definitive diagnosis of RBF may prove difficult, as the responsible bacteria are not easily identified with standard testing. We describe a case of RBF in a 34-year-old female who presented with fever, chills, polyarthralgia, and skin rash following a rat bite. Initial vital signs were remarkable for fever and tachycardia. Physical examination revealed an erythematous vesicular and papular rash involving her extremities, buttocks, and oral mucosa. Blood cultures were negative. A skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and was negative for Gram stain. Further analysis using specialized immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified S. moniliformis. A diagnosis of RBF was made, and the patient was successfully treated with a two-week course of doxycycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Mohamed
- Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Temple, USA
| | - Said Albahra
- Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Temple, USA
| | - Christopher Haley
- Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Temple, USA
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3
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Shivley CB, Spronk T, Green AL, Vuolo M, Ruesch L, Edler R, Haley C, Scaria J, Hennings J, Dee S. Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance monitoring in pig production in the United States of America. REV SCI TECH OIE 2023; 42:52-64. [PMID: 37232319 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms is recognised as an important component of antimicrobial stewardship, yet the process can be resource intensive. This paper describes a subset of findings from the first year of a collaboration across government, academia and a private sector veterinary practice focused on swine production in the Midwestern United States. The work is supported by participating farmers and the greater swine industry. Twice-annual collection of samples from pigs along with AMU monitoring occurred on 138 swine farms. Detection and resistance of Escherichia coli from pig tissues was assessed, and associations between AMU and AMR were evaluated. This paper describes the methods utilised and the first-year E. coli-related results from this project. Higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in E. coli from swine tissues were associated with the purchase of fluoroquinolones. There were no other significant associations between MIC and AMU combinations in E. coli isolated from pig tissues. This project represents one of the first attempts to monitor AMU as well as AMR in E. coli in a large-scale commercial swine system in the United States of America.
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4
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Saad SS, Haley C, Hatfield J. 33431 Efficacy of 80 mg/week dose of adalimumab (Humira) in treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Saad SS, Haley C, Hatfield J, Shah R, Parekh P. 33431 Efficacy of 80 mg/week dose of adalimumab (Humira) in treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Haley C, Saad S, Altman K, Evanson B, Bicknell L, Parekh P. 33613 Rare infectious diseases encountered in a dermatologic setting. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Haley C, Mcdaid R. Sudden Death of Mental Health Service Users During a Pandemic; a follow up study of consecutive unexpected deaths during the current pandemic compared to a previous consecutive cohort of persons who took their own lives. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567442 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Covid pandemic has mental health consequences. This study examined service user suicides for thirteen months during the pandemic and “lock down” restrictions in Ireland .It compares variables from this group with a previous 2016 study examining service user suicides conducted in Ireland. Despite a previous trend of improving suicide there was an increase in people who were involved with mental health services completing suicide during the pandemic. Objectives To hypothesize that social disequilibrium caused by the Covid pandemic and its control measures may remove the benefit of protective factors in suicide. Methods The 2016 study used the Suicide Support and Information System- Psychological Autopsy Model as its methodology.The Rosenberg criteria were used to make a determination of suicide. This 2021 study used an anonymous clinical record review to repeat some key variables identified in the SSIS-PAM work. Statiscal comparisons were made. Results The pandemic group had a different pattern of suicide with low levels of significance between four variables. The majority were female, in a relationship, had jobs, no history of self-harm, no family history of mental illness, less addiction problems and in-patient care. Like the 2016 group they did have diagnoses of mental illness, were in regular contact with services and were prescribed medication. Their suicides were predominantly hanging and drowning. Conclusions During the pandemic suicide increased. Protective factors such as relationships and employment were increased in pandemic suicides who also had less vulnerability factors such as addiction problems and self-harm. “Real time” suicide data collection such as a suicide observatory model might identify more significant trends. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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8
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Jin W, Fang M, Sayin I, Smith C, Hunter JL, Richardson B, Golden JB, Haley C, Schmader KE, Betts MR, Tyring SK, Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Canaday DH. Differential CD4+ T-Cell Cytokine and Cytotoxic Responses Between Reactivation and Latent Phases of Herpes Zoster Infection. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:171-188. [PMID: 36865570 PMCID: PMC9973729 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells are a critical component of effective immune responses to varicella zoster virus (VZV), but their functional properties during the reactivation acute vs latent phase of infection remain poorly defined. Methods Here we assessed the functional and transcriptomic properties of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in persons with acute herpes zoster (HZ) compared to those with a prior history of HZ infection using multicolor flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Results We found significant differences between the polyfunctionality of VZV-specific total memory, effector memory, and central memory CD4+ T cells in acute vs prior HZ. VZV-specific CD4+ memory T-cell responses in acute HZ reactivation had higher frequencies of IFN-γ and IL-2 producing cells compared to those with prior HZ. In addition, cytotoxic markers were higher in VZV-specific CD4+ T cells than non-VZV-specific cells. Transcriptomic analysis of ex vivo total memory CD4+ T cells from these individuals showed differential regulation of T-cell survival and differentiation pathways, including TCR, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T helper, inflammation, and MTOR signaling pathways. These gene signatures correlated with the frequency of IFN-γ and IL-2 producing cells responding to VZV. Conclusions In summary, VZV-specific CD4+ T cells from acute HZ individuals had unique functional and transcriptomic features, and VZV-specific CD4+ T cells as a group had a higher expression of cytotoxic molecules including Perforin, Granzyme-B, and CD107a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Jin
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ismail Sayin
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carson Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jackelyn B Golden
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christopher Haley
- Center for Clinical Studies and Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center and GRECC, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies and Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cheryl M Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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9
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Bubak AN, Beseler C, Como CN, Tyring SK, Haley C, Mescher T, Hassell JE, Cohrs RJ, Potter H, Nagel MA. Acute zoster plasma contains elevated amyloid, correlating with Aβ42 and amylin levels, and is amyloidogenic. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:422-428. [PMID: 32385803 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herpes zoster is associated with an increased dementia and neovascular macular degeneration risk and a decline in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. Because amyloid is present and pathogenic in these diseases, we quantified amyloid, Aβ40, Aβ42, and amylin in 14 zoster and 10 control plasmas. Compared with controls, zoster plasma had significantly elevated amyloid that correlated with Aβ42 and amylin levels and increased amyloid aggregation with addition of exogenous Aβ42 or amylin. These results suggest that zoster plasma contains factor(s) that promotes aggregation of amyloidogenic peptides, potentially contributing to the toxic amyloid burden and explaining accelerated disease progression following zoster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Bubak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cheryl Beseler
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christina N Como
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Clinical Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Christopher Haley
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Clinical Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Teresa Mescher
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Randall J Cohrs
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Maria A Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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10
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Qiu J, Yuan Y, Li Y, Haley C, Mui UN, Swali R, Mohan C, Tyring SK, Wu T. Discovery of IgG4 Anti‐Gliadin Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker of Psoriasis Using an Autoantigen Array. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 14:e1800114. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Houston Houston TX 77204‐5060 USA
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Houston Houston TX 77204‐5060 USA
| | - Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Houston Houston TX 77204‐5060 USA
| | | | | | - Ritu Swali
- Center for Clinical Studies Webster TX 77598 USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Houston Houston TX 77204‐5060 USA
| | - Stephen K. Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies Webster TX 77598 USA
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Houston Houston TX 77204‐5060 USA
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11
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Yuan Y, Qiu J, Lin Z, Li W, Haley C, Mui UN, Ning J, Tyring SK, Wu T. Identification of Novel Autoantibodies Associated With Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:941-951. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yuan
- People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China, and University of Houston Houston Texas
| | | | | | - Wen Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston
| | | | | | - Jing Ning
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston
| | - Stephen K. Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas, and University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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12
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Hinojosa T, Lewis DJ, Vangipuram R, Safeer L, Mui UN, Haley C, Konoplev S, Tyring SK. The efficacy of omalizumab in Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A case series. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12848. [PMID: 30697883 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytosis describes a heterogeneous group of disorders arising from a clonal proliferation of mast cells. Given the lack of curative treatments for the cutaneous form, there is a significant need for superior therapies. Omalizumab is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). It represents a potential treatment for the management of cutaneous mastocytosis, which currently has no standard treatment. METHODS Two patients were treated with subcutaneous omalizumab 300 mg every 4 weeks. DISCUSSION Patient 1 experienced 50% reduction in cutaneous infiltration and moderate improvement in pruritus. Patient 2 underwent 90% complete clearance of cutaneous lesions and reported full resolution of pruritus. The median duration of treatment was 24 weeks and time to response was 8 weeks. No significant changes in tryptase levels were observed. Both patients experienced injection site reactions. CONCLUSION We provide evidence from two cases supporting the efficacy of IgE-mediated therapy in the treatment of cutaneous mastocytosis. Even at a higher-than-standard dose (300 mg vs. 150 mg), the drug was well-tolerated. As we await the results of pivotal clinical trials, omalizumab appears to be a promising treatment option in patients with cutaneous mastocytosis unresponsive to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hinojosa
- Dermatology Department, Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel J Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramya Vangipuram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Laraib Safeer
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Uyen Ngoc Mui
- Dermatology Department, Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Dermatology Department, Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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13
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Navrady LB, Wolters MK, MacIntyre DJ, Clarke TK, Campbell AI, Murray AD, Evans KL, Seckl J, Haley C, Milburn K, Wardlaw JM, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, McIntosh AM. Cohort Profile: Stratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL): a questionnaire follow-up of Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS). Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:13-14g. [PMID: 29040551 PMCID: PMC5837716 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L B Navrady
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M K Wolters
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J MacIntyre
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T-K Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A I Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A D Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - K L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Seckl
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Milburn
- Health Informatics Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J M Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Hong X, Jiang S, Marmolejo N, Vangipuram R, Ramos-Rojas E, Yuan Y, Lin ZT, Li Y, Qiu J, Xing Y, Haley C, Tyring SK, Wu T. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 as a potential biomarker in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1053-1057. [PMID: 29957828 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To discover novel biomarkers of psoriasis, a target-specific antibody array screening of serum samples from psoriasis patients was initially performed. The results revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) was significantly elevated in the sera of psoriasis patients, compared to healthy controls. Next, ELISA validation studies in a larger cohort of psoriasis patients (N = 73) were conducted, which confirmed that serum VEGFR-3 was indeed significantly increased in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that serum VEGFR-3 exhibited potential in distinguishing healthy controls from psoriasis patients: area under the curve = 0.85, P < 0.001. In addition, serum levels of VEGFR-3 were correlated with Psoriasis Area Severity Index scores (R = 0.32, P = 0.008) in psoriasis patients. Interestingly, serum VEGFR-3 levels were significantly elevated in psoriatic arthritis compared to non-psoriatic arthritis (P = 0.026). A pilot longitudinal study demonstrated that serum levels of VEGFR-3 could reflect disease progression in psoriasis. Collectively, serum VEGFR-3 may have a clinical value in monitoring disease activity of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hong
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nancy Marmolejo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramya Vangipuram
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas.,Department of Dermatology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yikun Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas.,Department of Dermatology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
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16
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Mahmoud M, Zeng Y, Shirali M, Yin T, Brügemann K, König S, Haley C. Genome-wide pleiotropy and shared biological pathways for resistance to bovine pathogens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194374. [PMID: 29608619 PMCID: PMC5880348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic architecture is a major factor in resistance to pathogens and parasites. The collection and analysis of sufficient data on both disease resistance and host genetics has, however, been a major obstacle to dissection the genetics of resistance to single or multiple pathogens. A severe challenge in the estimation of heritabilities and genetic correlations from pedigree-based studies has been the confounding effects of the common environment shared among relatives which are difficult to model in pedigree analyses, especially for health traits with low incidence rates. To circumvent this problem we used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and implemented the Genomic-Restricted Maximum Likelihood (G-REML) method to estimate the heritabilities and genetic correlations for resistance to 23 different infectious pathogens in calves and cows in populations undergoing natural pathogen challenge. Furthermore, we conducted gene-based analysis and generalized gene-set analysis to understand the biological background of resistance to infectious diseases. The results showed relatively higher heritabilities of resistance in calves than in cows and significant pleiotropy (both positive and negative) among some calf and cow resistance traits. We also found significant pleiotropy between resistance and performance in both calves and cows. Finally, we confirmed the role of the B-lymphocyte pathway as one of the most important biological pathways associated with resistance to all pathogens. These results both illustrate the potential power of these approaches to illuminate the genetics of pathogen resistance in cattle and provide foundational information for future genomic selection aimed at improving the overall production fitness of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mahmoud
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M. Shirali
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T. Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - K. Brügemann
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - S. König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CH); (SK)
| | - C. Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CH); (SK)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Vangipuram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas
| | | | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas
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Haley C. A Case Series Analysis of a Cluster of 25 Sudden Service User Deaths; Summary Data and Profiling of the Grouping of Risk Factors in Patients. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Michael KA, Enriquez A, Baranchuk A, Haley C, Caldwell J, Simpson CS, Abdollah H, Redfearn DP. Failed anti-tachycardia pacing can be used to differentiate atrial arrhythmias from ventricular tachycardia in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Europace 2015; 17:78-83. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Mohajer K, Haley C, Simpson C, Abdollah H, Baranchuk A, Redfearn D, Michael K. Comparison of Dabigatran and Conventional Anticoagulation Practices in Patients Undergoing Elective Left Atrial Ablation. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Wright GL, Haley C, Beckett ML, Schellhammer PF. Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in normal, benign, and malignant prostate tissues. Urol Oncol 2012; 1:18-28. [PMID: 21224086 DOI: 10.1016/1078-1439(95)00002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a trans-membrane glycoprotein recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 7EII-C5.3 both in its native (CYT-351) and immunoconjugate form (CYT-356). Previous studies have shown that tissue expression of PSMA is highly restricted to prostate tissues. In this study, a definitive immunohistochemistry evaluation was performed to assess PSMA expression in prostate tissues. A stain index was established by multiplying the percentage of stained cells by the intensity of the stained cells to provide a quantitative measurement of PSMA expression in the various tissue types. The cellular location of PSMA, its correlation with clinical status, and its comparison with the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated. Prostate-specific membrane antigen was found to be highly expressed in most of the normal intraepithelial neoplasia, and the primary and metastatic prostate tumor specimens evaluated. In contrast to PSA, PSMA expression was often heterogeneous with variable staining patterns, ranging from a low-level diffuse cytoplasmic staining in normal prostate epithelium to very intense cytoplasmic and focal membrane staining in high-grade primary carcinomas and metastatic tissues. The predominant cytoplasmic staining was expected because the antigenic epitope of the PSMA transmembrane glycoprotein recognized by MAb 7EII-C5.3 is located in the cytoplasmic domain. Benign prostate tumors, ie, hypertrophy, showed the lowest expression of PSMA with a stain index of 52, compared with stain indexes of 146 and 258 for normal prostate and bone metastatic tissues, respectively. The reason for the apparent down-regulation of PSMA in benign prostate tissue is unknown but may be related to a splicing variant or post-translational modification of PSMA. Expression of PSMA was observed to increase with increasing pathologic grade, but not with clinical stage. Although PSMA was overexpressed in poorly differentiated and metastatic prostate tumors, expression in the primary tumor did not correlate with nodal status, extracapsular penetration, or seminal vesicle invasion. These results suggest that PSMA is not a useful biomarker of disease progression; however, high expression does appear to be associated with the more aggressive prostate carcinoma phenotype. The restricted specificity, differential prostate tissue expression, and overexpression of PSMA in metastatic tissues support the continued study of this unique prostate tumor-associated biomarker for developing new strategies for diagnostic and therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Wright
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA; From the Department of Urology, USA; The Virginia Prostate Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA; Sentara Cancer Institute, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Broekman B, Chan Y, Chee C, Keleher V, Chen H, Haley C, Sung S, Kwek K, Chong Y, Meaney M, Saw S. P-1457 - Association between mental health problems during the second trimester of pregnancy and birth length of the newborn. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Michael K, Hiebert D, Haley C, MacHaalany J, Jones A, Hammond S, Baranchuk A, Miranda R, Simpson C, Redfearn D. 271 Evaluation of left atrial characteristics in patients who have recurrence of atrial fibrillation vs. those who maintain sinus rhythm post ablation for persistent AF. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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24
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Massault C, Franch R, Haley C, de Koning DJ, Bovenhuis H, Pellizzari C, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L. Quantitative trait loci for resistance to fish pasteurellosis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Anim Genet 2010; 42:191-203. [PMID: 20946317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fish pasteurellosis is a bacterial disease causing important losses in farmed fish, including gilthead sea bream, a teleost fish of great relevance in marine aquaculture. We report in this study a QTL analysis for resistance to fish pasteurellosis in this species. An experimental population of 500 offspring originating from eight sires and six dams in a single mass-spawning event was subjected to a disease challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis. A total of 151 microsatellite loci were genotyped in the experimental population, and half-sib regression QTL analysis was carried out on two continuous traits, body length at time of death and survival, and for two binary traits, survival at day 7 and survival at day 15, when the highest peaks of mortality were observed. Two significant QTLs were detected for disease resistance. The first one was located on linkage group LG3 affecting late survival (survival at day 15). The second one, for overall survival, was located on LG21, which allowed us to highlight a potential marker (Id13) linked to disease resistance. A significant QTL was also found for body length at death on LG6 explaining 5-8% of the phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Massault
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PS, UKAnimal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Public Health, Comparative Pathology, and Veterinary Hygiene University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyMRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Haley C, O'Callaghan E, Hill S, Mannion N, Donnelly B, Kinsella A, Murtagh A, Turner N. Telepsychiatry and carer education for schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2010; 26:302-4. [PMID: 20542666 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the scientific evidence, most families of people with schizophrenia in Europe never receive a carer education programme. We evaluated whether a carer education course delivered by telepsychiatry was as effective as a carer education course delivered in situ. METHOD We delivered the carer education course for schizophrenia simultaneously to a carers group in rural north west Ireland (remote) via three ISDN lines and live to a carers group in a city (host). We compared knowledge gains using the Knowledge Questionnaire before and after each course. RESULTS Fifty-six carers of people with schizophrenia participated in the trial. At baseline, participants at the remote and host centers did not differ in terms of knowledge about schizophrenia. After the course, carers at both centers improved significantly and the knowledge gains between groups were equivalent at 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Telepsychiatry can deliver effective carer education programmes about schizophrenia and may provide one solution to bridging the chasm between scientific evidence and clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haley
- Donegal Mental Health Services, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
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26
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Massault C, Hellemans B, Louro B, Batargias C, Van Houdt JKJ, Canario A, Volckaert FAM, Bovenhuis H, Haley C, de Koning DJ. QTL for body weight, morphometric traits and stress response in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Anim Genet 2009; 41:337-45. [PMID: 20028379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.02010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural mating and mass spawning in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., Moronidae, Teleostei) complicate genetic studies and the implementation of selective breeding schemes. We utilized a two-step experimental design for detecting QTL in mass-spawning species: 2122 offspring from natural mating between 57 parents (22 males, 34 females and one missing) phenotyped for body weight, eight morphometric traits and cortisol levels, had been previously assigned to parents based on genotypes of 31 DNA microsatellite markers. Five large full-sib families (five sires and two dams) were selected from the offspring (570 animals), which were genotyped with 67 additional markers. A new genetic map was compiled, specific to our population, but based on the previously published map. QTL mapping was performed with two methods: half-sib regression analysis (paternal and maternal) and variance component analysis accounting for all family relationships. Two significant QTL were found for body weight on linkage group 4 and 6, six significant QTL for morphometric traits on linkage groups 1B, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 23 and three suggestive QTL for stress response on linkage groups 3, 14 and 23. The QTL explained between 8% and 38% of phenotypic variance. The results are the first step towards identifying genes involved in economically important traits like body weight and stress response in European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Massault
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK.
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27
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Hill DE, Haley C, Wagner B, Gamble HR, Dubey JP. Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in the US swine herd using sera collected during the National Animal Health Monitoring Survey (Swine 2006). Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 57:53-9. [PMID: 19744304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) initiated the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) in 1983 to collect, analyse and disseminate data on animal health, management and productivity in US domestic livestock populations, including swine. The programme includes an on-farm serological sampling component which can be used to monitor seroprevalence of various pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in grower/finisher pigs using sera collected during NAHMS Swine 2006 and to determine farm level factors associated with differences in seroprevalence on farms where sera was collected during the Swine 2006 survey. Sera and data on management practices for this study were collected from 185 grower/finisher swine production sites located in 16 states accounting for > 90% of US swine production (Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin). A total of 6238 sera were tested for T. gondii antibodies using a commercial ELISA assay (Vet. Parasitol.128, 2005, 177). Seroprevalence in this study, as determined by ELISA, was 2.6%, with a herd prevalence of 21.6% and a mean within-herd prevalence of 2.7%. Analysis of swine management practices indicated that rodent control methods and carcass disposal methods were associated with differences in the number of T. gondii positive samples on farm. These results are consistent with current epidemiological knowledge of the transmission of Toxoplasma on the farm (ingestion of organic matter containing oocysts, or ingestion of infected animal tissues). Production practices which eliminate these sources of exposure can reduce the risk of Toxoplasma infection in pigs, and reduce the likelihood of human infection from consumption of infected pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Hill
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Guo Y, Mao H, Ren J, Yan X, Duan Y, Yang G, Ren D, Zhang Z, Yang B, Ouyang J, Brenig B, Haley C, Huang L. A linkage map of the porcine genome from a large-scale White Duroc × Erhualian resource population and evaluation of factors affecting recombination rates. Anim Genet 2009; 40:47-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bushe C, Haley C, McNamara D, Fleming MCrossan M, Devitt P. Weight management by modular group interventions. Outcome at 24 months in an Irish cohort with severe mental illness (SMI). Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Genetical genomics combines gene mapping and gene expression approaches to identify loci controlling gene expression (eQTLs) that may underlie functional trait variation. The combination of genomic tools has great potential to facilitate dissection of complex traits, but studies need careful design and interpretation. Here we explore both the potential and the pitfalls of this approach with illustrations from actual studies. There are now an appreciable number of studies in model species and even humans demonstrating the feasibility of genetical genomics. However, most studies are too limited in size and design to unlock the full potential of the approach. Limited statistical power of studies exacerbates the problem of detection of false-positive eQTL and some reported results should be interpreted with caution. As one approach to more successful implementation of genetical genomics, we propose to combine expression studies with fine mapping of functional trait loci. This synergistic approach facilitates the implementation of genetical genomics for species without inbred resources but is equally applicable to model species. These properties make it particularly suitable for livestock populations where many QTL are already in the public domain and potentially very large pedigreed populations can be accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haley
- Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9P, UK.
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SanCristobal M, Chevalet C, Peleman J, Heuven H, Brugmans B, van Schriek M, Joosten R, Rattink AP, Harlizius B, Groenen MAM, Amigues Y, Boscher MY, Russell G, Law A, Davoli R, Russo V, Dèsautés C, Alderson L, Fimland E, Bagga M, Delgado JV, Vega-Pla JL, Martinez AM, Ramos M, Glodek P, Meyer JN, Gandini G, Matassino D, Siggens K, Laval G, Archibald A, Milan D, Hammond K, Cardellino R, Haley C, Plastow G. Genetic diversity in European pigs utilizing amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Anim Genet 2006; 37:232-8. [PMID: 16734682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of DNA markers to evaluate genetic diversity is an important component of the management of animal genetic resources. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has published a list of recommended microsatellite markers for such studies; however, other markers are potential alternatives. This paper describes results obtained with a set of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers as part of a genetic diversity study of European pig breeds that also utilized microsatellite markers. Data from 148 AFLP markers genotyped across samples from 58 European and one Chinese breed were analysed. The results were compared with previous analyses of data from 50 microsatellite markers genotyped on the same animals. The AFLP markers had an average within-breed heterozygosity of 0.124 but there was wide variation, with individual markers being monomorphic in 3-98% of the populations. The biallelic and dominant nature of AFLP markers creates a challenge for their use in genetic diversity studies as each individual marker contains limited information and AFLPs only provide indirect estimates of the allelic frequencies that are needed to estimate genetic distances. Nonetheless, AFLP marker-based characterization of genetic distances was consistent with expectations based on breed and regional distributions and produced a similar pattern to that obtained with microsatellites. Thus, data from AFLP markers can be combined with microsatellite data for measuring genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M SanCristobal
- Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cédex, France
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Lewis S, Tarrier N, Haddock G, Bentall R, Kinderman P, Kingdon D, Siddle R, Drake R, Everitt J, Leadley K, Benn A, Grazebrook K, Haley C, Akhtar S, Davies L, Palmer S, Faragher B, Dunn G. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy in early schizophrenia: acute-phase outcomes. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 43:s91-7. [PMID: 12271807 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.181.43.s91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) improves persistent psychotic symptoms. AIMS To test the effectiveness of added CBT in accelerating remission from acute psychotic symptoms in early schizophrenia. METHOD A 5-week CBT programme plus routine care was compared with supportive counselling plus routine care and routine care alone in a multi-centre trial randomising 315 people with DSM-IV schizophrenia and related disorders in their first (83%) or second acute admission. Outcome assessments were blinded. RESULTS Linear regression over 70 days showed predicted trends towards faster improvement in the CBT group. Uncorrected univariate comparisons showed significant benefits at 4 but not 6 weeks for CBT v. routine care alone on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total and positive sub-scale scores and delusion score and benefits v. supportive counselling for auditory hallucinations score. CONCLUSIONS CBT shows transient advantages over routine care alone or supportive counselling in speeding remission from acute symptoms in early schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lewis
- School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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Haley C. Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis in Animals. Heredity (Edinb) 2002. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
When performing a genome scan in linkage or linkage disequilibrium studies to detect loci underlying complex or quantitative traits, it is important to attempt to distinguish between true and false positives using the appropriate statistical methods. There has been some controversy in the literature regarding the use of the length of a positive peak, i.e., the length of a chromosome region displaying identity-by-descent in linkage studies among affected individuals or the length of a continuous chromosome region for which the test statistic is above a certain threshold. We show in this study, by reasoning and by simulation studies, that conditional on the strength of evidence for a locus affecting a trait of interest, i.e., conditional on the peak height of a test statistic, there is no information in the length of the peak. Our finding has implications for linkage and association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Visscher
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom.
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Ashworth D, Bishop M, Campbell K, Colman A, Kind A, Schnieke A, Blott S, Griffin H, Haley C, McWhir J, Wilmut I. DNA microsatellite analysis of Dolly. Nature 1998; 394:329. [PMID: 9690467 DOI: 10.1038/28521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND New rapid HIV antibody tests have allowed provision of results and result-specific counseling on the day on initial visit, and have the potential to increase the efficiency of HIV counseling and testing. METHODS To evaluate the use of rapid testing with same-day results in public clinics, the Single Use Diagnostic System HIV-1 rapid assay was used for a 3-month period at an anonymous testing clinic and a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Dallas, Texas. Non-reactive rapid test results were reported as HIV-negative. Reactive results were reported as 'preliminary positive'. These procedures were compared with standard testing during a baseline period, with respect to number of clients receiving results and post-test counseling, client satisfaction, counselor acceptance, cost and effectiveness at reducing HIV risk. RESULTS Rapid testing resulted in an increase in the number of persons learning their serostatus: a 4% increase for uninfected and a 16% increase for infected clients at the Anonymous Testing Clinic; a 210% increase for uninfected patients and a 23% increase for infected patients at the STD clinic. Rapid testing resulted in a cost saving of US$ 11 per test in both the anonymous and STD clinics. Of those previously tested, 88% responded that they preferred the rapid test. In the year following initial HIV test, clients tested with rapid and standard procedures were equally likely to return to the clinic with a new STD (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-1.4). CONCLUSIONS Rapid, on-site HIV testing was feasible, preferred by clients, and, resulted in significant improvement in the number of persons learning their serostatus, without increasing the costs or decreasing the effectiveness of counseling and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Kassler
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Haley C, Donnell M. K+ reabsorption by the lower Malpighian tubule of Rhodnius prolixus: inhibition by Ba2+ and blockers of H+/K+-ATPases. J Exp Biol 1997; 200:139-47. [PMID: 9317503 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.200.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Active K+ reabsorption by the lower Malpighian tubule of the blood-feeding hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus does not involve the amiloride-sensitive K+/H+ exchangers or V-type H+-ATPases implicated in secretion of ions from haemolymph to lumen in the upper tubule. Amiloride, N-ethylmaleimide, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol and bafilomycin A1 inhibit haemolymph-to-lumen secretion of Na+ and K+ by the upper Malpighian tubule, but have little or no effect on lumen-to-haemolymph reabsorption of K+ by the lower tubule. The effects of inhibitors of H+/K+-ATPases, including omeprazole and SCH 28080, suggest that a pump similar to the H+/K+-ATPase of the gastric mucosa is involved in KCl reabsorption. The presence of K+ channels in the basolateral membrane in the lower Malpighian tubule is suggested by inhibition of KCl reabsorption by basolateral but not apical application of the K+ channel blocker Ba2+, and by blockade of K+-dependent changes in membrane potential by Ba2+. It is proposed, therefore, that K+ is pumped from lumen to cell by an ATP-dependent pump resembling the H+/K+-ATPase of the gastric mucosa, and that K+ leaks from cell to bathing saline (haemolymph) via an electrodiffusive pathway (i.e. K+ channels).
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Wright GL, Grob BM, Haley C, Grossman K, Newhall K, Petrylak D, Troyer J, Konchuba A, Schellhammer PF, Moriarty R. Upregulation of prostate-specific membrane antigen after androgen-deprivation therapy. Urology 1996; 48:326-34. [PMID: 8753752 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) before and after androgen-deprivation therapy and to compare PSMA expression with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression. METHODS We studied specimens from 20 patients with prostate cancer undergoing medical or surgical castration or combination androgen-deprivation therapy in whom matched pretreatment and post-treatment tissue specimens were available and 16 patients in whom only a post-treatment specimen was available. The expression of PSMA and PSA in the tissue specimens was determined by immunoperoxidase staining. The extent of staining was calculated by multiplying the percent of antigen-positive tumor cells by the staining intensity to arrive at a stain index for each biomarker. An in vitro study assessed the concentration of PSMA and PSA in extracts of LNCaP cells cultured in the presence or absence of androgen as determined by immunoassays and Western blot analysis. RESULTS PSMA reactivity was found to be increased in 55% (11 of 20) of post-treatment primary tissues and 100% (4 of 4) of post-treatment metastatic specimens. In contrast, PSA expression was found to be decreased in 70% (14 of 20) of post-treatment primary and 100% (4 of 4) of post-treatment metastatic specimens. Neither type of androgen-deprivation treatment nor tissue sensitivity to androgen deprivation appeared to influence degree of biomarker expression. PSMA was found to be downregulated and PSA upregulated when LNCaP cells were cultured in the presence of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced expression of PSMA in tissues and LNCaP cells after androgen deprivation suggests that PSMA is upregulated in the majority of prostate carcinomas after androgen treatment. The high expression in metastatic tissues strongly suggests that PSMA may be a clinically useful target for antibody-and genetic-directed therapy of prostate cancer that recurs after androgen deprivation. The mechanism whereby androgens suppress the expression of PSMA, and the association of PSMA with the development of hormone-independent prostate cancers, will require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23501, USA
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Kassler WJ, Haley C, Jones WK, Gerber AR, Kennedy EJ, George JR. Performance of a rapid, on-site human immunodeficiency virus antibody assay in a public health setting. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2899-902. [PMID: 8576342 PMCID: PMC228603 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.11.2899-2902.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, on-site human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing has the potential to improve the delivery of prevention services in publicly funded counseling and testing sites. The Single Use Diagnostic System (SUDS) HIV-1 is the only rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) approved for diagnostic use in the United States. To evaluate the feasibility of using SUDS in public clinics and to validate the test's performance in a public health laboratory, we conducted blinded SUDS testing on plasma sent for HIV testing. From 19 March through 30 June 1993, 1,923 consecutive samples from a sexually transmitted diseases clinic and an HIV counseling and testing clinic were tested on site with SUDS. Tests done in the first two weeks with a malfunctioning centrifuge n = 402) and those done when there were excessively high temperatures in the laboratory (n = 53) were analyzed separately. Of 1,466 tests, 39 were positive by both SUDS and EIA (with Western blot [immunoblot] confirmation) and 7 were SUDS positive and EIA negative. Western blotting was used as the "gold standard" to adjudicate these discrepancies. There were no SUDS-negative and EIA-positive tests. Compared with that of EIA (with Western blot confirmation), the sensitivity of SUDS was 100% (95% confidence interval, 88.8 to 100%) and the specificity was 99.5% (95% confidence interval, 98.9 to 99.8%). The positive predictive value of SUDS was 88% in the STD clinic and 81% in the HIV counseling and testing clinic. There was a 7.7-fold increase in false positives, from 0.48 to 3.7%, when there was inadequate centrifugation and when the temperature exceeded the manufacturer's recommendations. Rapid, on-site HIV testing by the SUDS assay is feasible and practical in public health settings. The test can be performed accurately, at reasonable cost, and within the time frame of a typical clinic visit. Caution should be used, however, as two conditions adversely affected the accuracy of this test: inadequate specimen preparation and elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Kassler
- Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
The PiGMaP and USDA porcine linkage maps for chromosomes 2 and 5 have been aligned by typing five USDA microsatellite markers from chromosomes 2 and 4 from chromosome 5 on the PiGMaP reference families. The markers in the two maps can be successfully aligned except for Sw395 on chromosome 2, which is the end-most marker in the USDA map 22 cM remote from the next marker, but which maps to a more central location and in the same position as Sw776 in the PiGMaP families. The mapping of four additional chromosome 5 markers has enabled amalgamation of the two previously separate PiGMaP linkage groups assigned to chromosome 5 and has more than doubled the length of its map. The USDA map of chromosome 5 is considerably shorter than the revised PiGMaP version, particularly between DAGK and Sw1071, where the corresponding lengths are 9 cM versus 33 cM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Haley C. Multiple personality disorder and false memory syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 167:264; author reply 265-6. [PMID: 7582681 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.167.2.264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features and causes of postoperative brainstem and cerebellar infarcts. METHODS Two groups were studied. The 10 group 1 patients had cardiac (eight) or aortic (two) surgery. The 12 group 2 patients had noncardiac-nonvascular surgery, including orthopedic (five), gynecologic (four), and general (three). Patients were studied by stroke services at university hospitals in Boston (13), Charlottesville (three), Baltimore (three), and Mainz (three) during 2 consecutive years. RESULTS Onset of strokes was immediately postoperative (six), during the first 48 postoperative hours (nine), and delayed 3 days or more (seven). Clinical syndromes were altered level of consciousness or cognition (15), vestibulocerebellar (four), and hemiparesis with focal brainstem signs (three). Infarction involved the brainstem (13), cerebellum (13), and posterior cerebral artery hemispheric territory (10). Causes: In group 1, five infarcts were due to cardiogenic embolism and three to embolism from the aorta. One patient had a postoperative pontine lacunar infarct and one developed an infarct in the territory of a known stenotic basilar artery. In group 2, one patient had vertebral artery injury from instrumentation, one had medical complications with severe hemorrhage and hypotension, and 10 most likely had position-related vertebral artery thromboses. CONCLUSIONS Patients with postoperative brainstem and cerebellar infarcts present with altered consciousness or vestibulocerebellar syndromes. The major cause of brain infarcts after cardiac surgery is embolism from the heart and aorta. The causes of infarction after general surgery are less clear, but neck positioning during or after surgery may play an important role by promoting thrombi in compressed arteries that later embolize intracranially when neck motion becomes free.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tettenborn
- Stroke Service, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
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Grob BM, Haley C, Schellhammer PF, Schlossberg SM, Wright GL. The detection of prostate specific antigen, MHS-5, and other markers in invasive prostate cancer and seminal vesicle. J Urol 1992; 147:1435-8. [PMID: 1373781 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful serum marker for following the disease status of prostate cancer patients after therapy. While PSA is felt to be an organ specific marker, lack of PSA expression in the seminal vesicles has not been adequately established. MHS-5 is a monoclonal antibody which recognizes an epitope on seminal vesicle specific antigen. Our objectives were to define PSA expression by the seminal vesicles, to determine whether MHS-5 could serve as an adjunct in the diagnosis of seminal vesicles invasion by carcinoma of the prostate, and to determine whether carcinoma, having invaded seminal vesicles would retain its expression of PSA and other prostate markers. Using an immunoperoxidase procedure, we studied thirteen seminal vesicles without histologic evidence of prostate cancer invasion and five seminal vesicles with locally invasive cancer. No seminal vesicles expressed PSA, whereas prostate cancer invading the seminal vesicles expressed PSA in all cases. MHS-5 expression was more variable. Only two of five cases of locally invasive tumor demonstrated seminal vesicles expression for MHS-5. Our findings further support the specificity of PSA. While MHS-5 may be helpful in delineating seminal vesicles in some instances, it is not a consistently reliable marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Grob
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
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Wright GL, Huang CL, Lipford G, Beckett ML, Liang HM, Haley C, Newhall K, Morningstar M. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to prostate secretory protein. Int J Cancer 1990; 46:39-49. [PMID: 2194982 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910460110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against a highly purified preparation of prostate secretory protein (PSP) isolated from normal seminal plasma. Fifteen antibodies were selected for further evaluation based on their strong reactivity and specificity for PSP. All the MAbs had a specificity for prostate epithelial cells and none reacted to any of a variety of normal tissues as determined by immunoperoxidase staining. Six of the MAbs were selected for further immunohistochemical evaluation based on their ability to recognize different antigenic determinants. Using competitive binding immunoassays, a variety of overlapping specificities were observed with at least 2 distinct epitopes identified. Although some staining variability was noted, the 6 antibodies, in general, gave the same pattern of tissue reactivity. Both the normal prostate and the benign prostate hyperplastic ductal epithelial cells stained intensely, with 78 to 100% and 50-100% of the cells staining, respectively. The number and often the staining intensity of the tumor cells decreased as the tumor became more undifferentiated. Approximately 40 to 100% and 15 to 70% of the tumor cells stained in the moderately-differentiated and well-differentiated carcinoma tissues, respectively, whereas either no staining was observed or less than 20% of the tumor cells stained in the poorly-differentiated and undifferentiated tumors. Most of the metastatic prostate tumors showed either no staining or scattered staining in a few cells (i.e., less than 20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23501
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Tantravahi U, Bianchi DW, Haley C, Destrempes MM, Ricker AT, Korf BR, Latt SA. Use of Y chromosome specific probes to detect low level sex chromosome mosaicism. Clin Genet 1986; 29:445-8. [PMID: 3742851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1986.tb00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An individual found to be a true hermaphrodite at laparotomy, is presented. Cytogenetic studies which initially disclosed a 46,XX karyotype, conflicted with the anatomic presence of a testis. More extensive analysis of peripheral lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts revealed low level 46,XX/69,XXY mosaicism. DNA hybridization studies, using highly repeated Y chromosome specific probes, confirmed the rare presence of Y chromosome bearing cells. Such combined clinical and molecular studies can have an important impact on diagnosis and management of cases in which sex chromosome mosaicism is suspected.
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Graziano F, Haley C, Gundersen L, Askenase PW. IgE antibody production in guinea pigs treated with cyclophosphamide. The Journal of Immunology 1981. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.127.3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Guinea pig anaphylactic responses usually involve IgG1 antibodies. Although IgE antibody production has been accomplished, a reliable and sustained method for production has not been described. We have investigated a method of enhancing IgE antibody production in guinea pigs. The criteria for IgE production were homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibody activity that passed an affinity column of rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1, heat lability (56 degrees C for 3 hr), and a long sensitization period in skin (7 days). Hartley guinea pigs were primed and boosted monthly with 1 microgram Picryl-Ascaris plus 1 mg of alum i.p. Some Hartley guinea pigs also received cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) before the first boost. English short-hair guinea pigs (previously shown to be good IgE producers) were immunized similarly but received no cyclophosphamide. Hartley animals receiving no cyclophosphamide inconsistently made low titered IgE anti-hapten antibody (1:100). Fifteen of 15 Hartley animals that received cyclophosphamide had high titers (1:2000) of IgE anti-hapten antibody. English short-hair animals had moderate titers (1:400), and not all animals responded. Thus, cyclophosphamide converted IgE nonresponder Hartley guinea pigs to uniformly high responders. This method provides material to study the biologic properties of IgE in this species, and also provides a model to study the apparent suppression of IgE responses in Hartley guinea pigs.
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Graziano F, Haley C, Gundersen L, Askenase PW. IgE antibody production in guinea pigs treated with cyclophosphamide. J Immunol 1981; 127:1067-70. [PMID: 6790610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pig anaphylactic responses usually involve IgG1 antibodies. Although IgE antibody production has been accomplished, a reliable and sustained method for production has not been described. We have investigated a method of enhancing IgE antibody production in guinea pigs. The criteria for IgE production were homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibody activity that passed an affinity column of rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1, heat lability (56 degrees C for 3 hr), and a long sensitization period in skin (7 days). Hartley guinea pigs were primed and boosted monthly with 1 microgram Picryl-Ascaris plus 1 mg of alum i.p. Some Hartley guinea pigs also received cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) before the first boost. English short-hair guinea pigs (previously shown to be good IgE producers) were immunized similarly but received no cyclophosphamide. Hartley animals receiving no cyclophosphamide inconsistently made low titered IgE anti-hapten antibody (1:100). Fifteen of 15 Hartley animals that received cyclophosphamide had high titers (1:2000) of IgE anti-hapten antibody. English short-hair animals had moderate titers (1:400), and not all animals responded. Thus, cyclophosphamide converted IgE nonresponder Hartley guinea pigs to uniformly high responders. This method provides material to study the biologic properties of IgE in this species, and also provides a model to study the apparent suppression of IgE responses in Hartley guinea pigs.
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Abstract
Eleven percent of an unselected series of 157 patients with pleural effusion showed a thorn-like protrusion of fluid at the lateral end of the minor fissure at some time during their illnesses. None of a series of 146 normal x-ray films of young patients showed this "thorn sign." The thorn sign is a useful radiographic finding of right-sided pleural effusion.
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