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Voleti SS, Warren CJ, Parker NR, Stanton M, Khan AA, Noland SS, Punjani N. Excision of recurrent penile schwannoma with neurovascular bundle sparing: A novel surgical approach. Urol Case Rep 2023; 50:102458. [PMID: 37396467 PMCID: PMC10314226 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile schwannomas are rare, often painless lesions usually growing on the dorsum of the penis. A young and otherwise healthy male with recurrent painful penile schwannomas and decreased libido was successfully treated with surgical excision. Through fine dissection of the nerve fascicles leading to the primary schwannoma, the lesion was successfully removed without compromising erectile or ejaculatory function. This novel approach allowed for significant symptomatic relief and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melissa Stanton
- Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Pathology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aqsa A. Khan
- Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shelley S. Noland
- Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nahid Punjani
- Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Záhonová K, Low RS, Warren CJ, Cantoni D, Herman EK, Yiangou L, Ribeiro CA, Phanprasert Y, Brown IR, Rueckert S, Baker NL, Tachezy J, Betts EL, Gentekaki E, van der Giezen M, Clark CG, Jackson AP, Dacks JB, Tsaousis AD. Evolutionary analysis of cellular reduction and anaerobicity in the hyper-prevalent gut microbe Blastocystis. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00620-6. [PMID: 37267944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most prevalent microbial eukaryote in the human and animal gut, yet its role as commensal or parasite is still under debate. Blastocystis has clearly undergone evolutionary adaptation to the gut environment and possesses minimal cellular compartmentalization, reduced anaerobic mitochondria, no flagella, and no reported peroxisomes. To address this poorly understood evolutionary transition, we have taken a multi-disciplinary approach to characterize Proteromonas lacertae, the closest canonical stramenopile relative of Blastocystis. Genomic data reveal an abundance of unique genes in P. lacertae but also reductive evolution of the genomic complement in Blastocystis. Comparative genomic analysis sheds light on flagellar evolution, including 37 new candidate components implicated with mastigonemes, the stramenopile morphological hallmark. The P. lacertae membrane-trafficking system (MTS) complement is only slightly more canonical than that of Blastocystis, but notably, we identified that both organisms encode the complete enigmatic endocytic TSET complex, a first for the entire stramenopile lineage. Investigation also details the modulation of mitochondrial composition and metabolism in both P. lacertae and Blastocystis. Unexpectedly, we identify in P. lacertae the most reduced peroxisome-derived organelle reported to date, which leads us to speculate on a mechanism of constraint guiding the dynamics of peroxisome-mitochondrion reductive evolution on the path to anaerobiosis. Overall, these analyses provide a launching point to investigate organellar evolution and reveal in detail the evolutionary path that Blastocystis has taken from a canonical flagellated protist to the hyper-divergent and hyper-prevalent animal and human gut microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Záhonová
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 1-124 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Canada; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice (Budweis) 370 05, Czech Republic; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic; Life Science Research Centre, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ross S Low
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Warren
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Diego Cantoni
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Emily K Herman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 1-124 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 2-31 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Lyto Yiangou
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Cláudia A Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Yasinee Phanprasert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 1-124 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Canada; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang Universit, 333 Moo 1, T. Tasud, Muang District, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ian R Brown
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Sonja Rueckert
- School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Room 3.B.36, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland; Faculty of Biology, AG Eukaryotische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsstrasse 5, S05 R04 H83, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Nicola L Baker
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Emma L Betts
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK; School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Room 3.B.36, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang Universit, 333 Moo 1, T. Tasud, Muang District, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo 1, T. Tasud, Muang District, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger Richard Johnsens Gate 4, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - C Graham Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 1-124 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Canada; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice (Budweis) 370 05, Czech Republic; Centre for Life's Origin and Evolution, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Anastasios D Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Stacey Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
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Warren CJ, Paine RJ, Connors JA, Szembek C, Knipping E. Evaluation of a revised AERMOD treatment of plume dispersion in the daytime elevated stable layer. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2022; 72:1040-1052. [PMID: 35748780 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced dispersion models such as AERMOD specifically address the portion of a plume emitted in convective conditions that is sufficiently buoyant to rise into the stable layer above the elevated inversion. This portion of the plume mass is often referred to as the "penetrated plume" because that plume component breaks through the elevated inversion and penetrates into the stable layer aloft. A premature mixing of the penetrated plume to the ground has been identified in the current formulation of AERMOD, which is the U.S. EPA-preferred short-range dispersion model and used in several other countries. This behavior has been observed based on data from field studies where the model is found to overpredict ground-level concentration events due to the penetrated plume component, with the timing of these peak predictions too early in the day. A proposed update to AERMOD to address the penetrated plume issue (referred to as "HBP" for modifications particularly important for "highly buoyant plume") is documented and evaluated in this manuscript. The revised approach involves a check on the convective mixing height for the current hour as well as the next hour to determine how much of the penetrated plume has been captured by the convective boundary layer by the end of the current hour. The amount of the penetrated plume mass that is allowed to mix to the ground in the HBP modifications depends upon the result of this calculation. The HBP modification has been evaluated as an update to AERMOD for three databases along with a sensitivity analysis of the effects of the HBP changes on a variety of stack heights and buoyancy fluxes. The findings of the evaluation indicate that the HBP changes to AERMOD result in reduced overprediction tendencies.Implications: A proposed enhancement to AERMOD to address a premature mixing of penetrated plume material to the ground has been performed by implemented and evaluated by the authors. The enhancement, referred to as the highly buoyant plume (HBP) is based on work developed by Jeffrey Weil. HBP is designed to better characterize the penetrated plume behavior in the model such that it aligns more closely with observations based on data from field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eladio Knipping
- Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Washington, DC, USA
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Warren CJ, Reitblat CR, Ferreri CA, Eyrich NW, Daignault-Newton S, Andino JJ, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Pruthi RS, Kraft KH. Virtual “Matchmaking”: Stakeholder Perspectives on the Future of the Urology Residency Match. Urology 2022; 164:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Seekings AH, Warren CJ, Thomas SS, Mahmood S, James J, Byrne AMP, Watson S, Bianco C, Nunez A, Brown IH, Brookes SM, Slomka MJ. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4b) has a preferable host tropism for waterfowl reflected in its inefficient transmission to terrestrial poultry. Virology 2021; 559:74-85. [PMID: 33839461 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4b) incurred into Europe in late 2017 and was predominantly detected in wild birds, with very few terrestrial poultry cases. Pekin ducks directly-infected with a UK virus (H5N6-2017) were donors of infection to investigate contact transmission to three recipient species: Ducks, chickens and turkeys. H5N6-2017 transmission to ducks was 100% efficient, but transmission to in-contact galliforme species was infrequent and unpredictable, thereby reflecting the European 2017-2018 H5N6 epidemiology. Although only two of 28 (7%) infected ducks died, the six turkeys and one chicken which became infected all died and displayed systemic H5N6-2017 dissemination, while pathogenesis in ducks was generally milder. Analysis of H5N6-2017 progeny in the contacts revealed no emergent polymorphisms in an infected duck, but the galliforme species included changes in the polymerase (PB2 A199T, PA D347A), matrix (M1 T218A) and neuraminidase genes (T88I). H5N6-2017 environmental contamination was associated with duck shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Seekings
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - C J Warren
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - S S Thomas
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - S Mahmood
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - J James
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - A M P Byrne
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - S Watson
- Animal Sciences Unit, APHA-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - C Bianco
- Pathology Department, APHA-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - A Nunez
- Pathology Department, APHA-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - I H Brown
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - S M Brookes
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - M J Slomka
- Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Research, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
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Warren CJ, Wisener J, Ward B, Behbahani S, Shah T, Fano A, Paskhover B, Sadeghi-Nejad H. YouTube as a Patient Education Resource for Male Hypogonadism and Testosterone Therapy. Sex Med 2021; 9:100324. [PMID: 33752104 PMCID: PMC8072170 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction YouTube is an unregulated platform that patients are using to learn about treatment options. Aim To assess the reliability of YouTube videos (YTVs) related to male hypogonadism and testosterone therapy. Methods Searching on YouTube by relevance and view count, we analyzed the top 10 videos (80 videos total) for the following search terms: low testosterone, testosterone replacement therapy, AndroGel, and hypogonadism. Main Outcome Measure We recorded the number of views for each video, evaluated videos using the DISCERN score (DS) criterion, and compared the DS for videos including board-certified physicians and videos without. A second comparison was made between videos with board-certified physicians in urology, endocrinology, other MD, and those without any physician. Results The YTVs analyzed received a total of 38,549,090 views, a median of 25,201 and 17.30 views/day. Videos that featured physicians had significantly fewer views/day than videos that did not (39.48 CI 9,72 vs 1,731 CI 330, 3,132; P = .019). Most YTVs studied were unreliable. The median DS across all videos was 2. However, most videos created by physicians were found to be reliable with a median DS of 4. In addition, YTVs that did not feature a physician were found to be significantly less reliable than videos that featured a physician (3.22 CI 3.06, 4.09 vs 1.87 CI 1.56, 2.18; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the reliability or viewership of YTVs stratified by physician type. Conclusion Most YTVs related to male hypogonadism/testosterone therapy were unreliable, but there are reliable YTVs available. Reliable videos usually feature a physician and receive fewer views than unreliable YTVs. Physicians and academic societies should work to provide verified videos to provide patients with reliable information about male hypogonadism and testosterone therapy. CJ Warren, J Wisener, B Ward, et al. YouTube as a Patient Education Resource for Male Hypogonadism and Testosterone Therapy. Sex Med 2021;9:100324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Warren
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - John Wisener
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - Brittany Ward
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - Sara Behbahani
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - Tejash Shah
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - Adam Fano
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - Boris Paskhover
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA
| | - Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark NJ, USA; Department of Urology, Hackensack UMC-Meridian Health, Hackensack NJ, USA.
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Warren CJ, Sawhney R, Shah T, Behbahani S, Sadeghi-Nejad H. YouTube and Men's Health: A Review of the Current Literature. Sex Med Rev 2021; 9:280-288. [PMID: 33610492 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION YouTube is the most used social media website, and there is a growing body of literature examining the reliability of healthcare information on this platform. Patients seeking men's health information may be more likely to use YouTube owing to the sensitivity of these issues. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to review the literature for studies related to the reliability of YouTube videos about men's health topics. METHODS A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar for publications related to the reliability of YouTube videos about men's health as of July 1, 2020. RESULTS There were 17 studies related to YouTube and Men's Health. Most videos were found to be unreliable, and videos uploaded by physicians or healthcare organizations were usually more reliable. However, there were no studies in which more reliable videos had higher metrics of user engagement (views, likes, comments) than unreliable videos and there were several studies where unreliable videos had higher metrics of user engagement. In addition, the methods used to evaluate YouTube videos are not uniform across studies including the way that terms are searched (filtering by relevance vs view count) and the way in which reliability is assessed. For example, some studies create custom evaluation forms based on clinical guidelines, whereas others use validated questionnaires. The only validated questionnaire used across multiple studies was the DISCERN score criterion. CONCLUSIONS Most information on YouTube about men's health is unreliable. Videos created by physicians and healthcare organizations are more reliable, and videos that are advertisements are less reliable. Physicians and healthcare systems should continue to upload educational YouTube videos but work to increase their views and user engagement. It may benefit patients if physician organizations could work with YouTube to create verified videos disseminating healthcare information that are favored in the search algorithm. Warren CJ, Sawhney R, Shah T, et al. YouTube and Men's Health: A Review of the Current Literature. Sex Med Rev 2021;9:280-288.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tejash Shah
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | | | - Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA; Hackensack UMC-Meridian Health, Hackensack, USA.
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Warren CJ, Fano AN, Wisener J, Davis M, Behbahani S, Sadeghi-Nejad H. #MedEd Twitter Response to the USMLE Step 1 Pass/Fail Score Reporting Announcement. Acad Med 2021; 96:162. [PMID: 33492820 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Warren
- Fourth-year medical student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-2456
| | - Adam N Fano
- Fourth-year medical student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - John Wisener
- Fourth-year medical student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Matthew Davis
- Fourth-year medical student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sara Behbahani
- Fourth-year medical student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad
- Professor, Department of Urology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey;
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Behbahani S, Smith CA, Carvalho M, Warren CJ, Gregory M, Silva NA. Vulnerable Immigrant Populations in the New York Metropolitan Area and COVID-19: Lessons Learned in the Epicenter of the Crisis. Acad Med 2020; 95:1827-1830. [PMID: 32452838 PMCID: PMC7268828 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The epicenter of the COVID-19 crisis since March 17, 2020-the New York metropolitan area-is home to some of the largest Latino immigrant communities in the nation. These communities have long faced barriers to health care access, challenges due to immigration status, and financial and labor instability. The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated these existing issues in a vulnerable, often forgotten, immigrant community. It has been challenging for this population to access public information regarding COVID-19 testing, treatment, and assistance programs because this information has seldom been disseminated in Spanish and even less frequently in Portuguese. While long-term solutions will require time and changes to policy, some short-term measures can mitigate the current situation. The authors share their experience from Newark, New Jersey, where partnerships of public and private community-based organizations (CBOs) have been successful in establishing trust between the health care system and a fearful Latino community. The Ironbound Initiative, a student group at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School in Newark, New Jersey, has partnered with Mantena Global Care, a Brazilian CBO in Newark, to facilitate dissemination of COVID-19-relevant information. Medical student volunteers, removed from their clinical duties, serve as virtual patient navigators, using social media to reach community members with the goals of improving awareness of precautions to take during the pandemic and of increasing access to needed medical care. These students have collaborated with colleagues in other disciplines to provide necessary legal guidance to community members fearful of seeking care because of their immigration status. The authors urge other academic institutions across the country to recruit multidisciplinary teams of medical, health professions, and law students invested in their local communities and to empower students to partner with CBOs, immigrant community leaders, faith-based organizations, hospitals, and local authorities to support these vulnerable communities during this crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Behbahani
- S. Behbahani is a third-year student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-4745
| | - Cynthia A. Smith
- C.A. Smith is a lawyer and first-year student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michelly Carvalho
- M. Carvalho is an incoming nursing student, Rutgers School of Nursing, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Christopher J. Warren
- C.J. Warren is a third-year student, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Micah Gregory
- M. Gregory is a nurse and project coordinator, West Virginia Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Nicole A. Silva
- N.A. Silva is a recent graduate, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, and incoming postgraduate year 1 neurosurgery resident, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Warren CJ, Wisener J, Chang C, Abdelmalek G, Gad B, Nadkarni S, Dhruva V, Ward B, Patel N, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Weiss R. PubMed-Indexed Research Productivity of Students Matching at Top Urology Programs: 2017-2020. Urology 2020; 144:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Warren CJ, Wisener J, Chang C, Abdelmalek G, Gad B, Nadkarni S, Dhruva V, Ward B, Patel N, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Weiss R. AUTHOR REPLY. Urology 2020; 144:57-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Behbahani S, Malerba S, Warren CJ, Pomeranz MK, Samie FH. Melanoma in situ and invasive melanoma of the vulva: An analysis of the National Cancer Database. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:1744-1749. [PMID: 32950551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miriam K Pomeranz
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Faramarz H Samie
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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Dhanda AK, Ward B, Warren CJ, Birkenfeld B, Georges K, Taruvai V, Paskhover B. Reporting of Research by Matched Otolaryngology Residency Applicants. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 130:133-135. [PMID: 32627583 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420938821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matching to an otolaryngology residency program is a competitive process for medical students, and research performed by students is considered as a factor for granting interviews by program directors. Because abstracts, presentations and publications are all reported in combination by the National Resident Matching Program's "Charting Outcomes in the Match" (ChOM) and may be weighted differently by PDs, we specifically investigated the number of publications by past applicants accepted to top otolaryngology residency programs. METHODS The top 25 otolaryngology residency programs were identified using Doximity, sorting by reputation. Current residents were determined from the programs' websites. Using PubMed, each resident's number of publications, authorship status, and journal type were recorded. RESULTS A total of 24 programs were included in the final analysis and the average number of manuscripts was 2.76 ± 4.01. The mean number of publications in otolaryngology journals was 1.03 ± 1.91. CONCLUSIONS The difference between the investigated average number of publications (2.76) and those published by ChOM (10.4) represent a discrepancy due to the lack of delineation between abstracts, presentations and publications. The reported numbers for research may lead medical students to pursue alternate measures to increase their own research. Some options, such as adding a research year are not universally accessible. A clearer and more detailed approach to reporting research statistics would be beneficial to both applicants and PDs for otolaryngology programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatin K Dhanda
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brittany Ward
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher J Warren
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ben Birkenfeld
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kirolos Georges
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Varun Taruvai
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Boris Paskhover
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Behbahani S, Malerba S, Karanfilian KM, Warren CJ, Alhatem A, Samie FH. Demographics and outcomes of eccrine porocarcinoma: results from the National Cancer Database. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:161-163. [PMID: 31954060 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Behbahani
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, U.S.A
| | - S Malerba
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, U.S.A
| | | | - C J Warren
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, U.S.A
| | - A Alhatem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, U.S.A
| | - F H Samie
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, U.S.A
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Warren CJ, Ho DM, Haushalter RC, Bocarsly AB. Elektrochemische Synthese neuer Sb-Te-Zintl-Anionen durch kathodische Auflösung von Sb2Te3-Elektroden: Strukturen von [Sb4Te4]4−und [Sb9Te6]3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Warren CJ, Hanger HC. Fall and fracture rates following a change from carpet to vinyl floor coverings in a geriatric rehabilitation hospital. A longitudinal, observational study. Clin Rehabil 2012; 27:258-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215512455530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether changing from 5 mm thick carpet tiles to vinyl on a concrete subfloor would alter fall or fracture rates. Design: Longitudinal, observational study. Setting: Six wards (129 beds) of a geriatric rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: All inpatients during this time. Interventions: The floor covering was changed from 5 mm carpet tiles to vinyl on these wards when they were closed for other maintenance. This occurred in stages from November 2007 to December 2009. Measures: Falls are routinely reported using a quality improvement event reporting form. Fall and fracture rates were calculated in the 12 months prior to and following the change in floor covering on each ward. Results: There were 854 falls on the carpet tiles in the 12 months prior to the flooring change and 878 falls on the vinyl in the 12 months after (19.5 and 19.6 falls/1000 bed days, respectively, [ P = 0.95] NS. Fifteen fractures occurred on carpet and 11 fractures on vinyl, [ P = 0.39] NS. Using run charts there were no detectable trends in either the fall or fracture rates following the change in flooring surface. Conclusion: There may be no difference in fall rates or fractures on carpet or vinyl floor covering of similar thickness and subfloor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Warren
- Older Person’s Health Specialist Service, The Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hugh C Hanger
- Older Person’s Health Specialist Service, The Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Warren CJ, Dhingra SS, Ho DM, Haushalter RC, Bocarsly AB. Electrochemical Synthesis of New Sb-Te Zintl Anions by Cathodic Dissolution of Sb2Te3 Electrodes: Structures of Sb2Te54- and Sb6Te94-. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00091a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ehrlich GM, Warren CJ, Vennos DA, Ho DM, Haushalter RC, DiSalvo FJ. Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of N-Ligated W6S8L6 Cluster Complexes. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00121a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Warren CJ, Ho DM, Bocarsly AB, Haushalter RC. Electrochemical synthesis of a new gold-tellurium polyanion by the cathodic dissolution of a gold telluride (AuTe2) electrode: structure of telluroaurate (Au3Te43-). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00067a069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Warren CJ. What is homocysteine? Am J Nurs 1999; 99:39-41. [PMID: 10542847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Warren
- Kent State University, New Philadelphia, OH, USA
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Warren CJ, Haushalter RC, Rose DJ, Zubieta J. A bimetallic main group oxide cluster of the oxovanadium borate system: (H3NCH2CH2NH3)4[(VO)12O4{B8O17(OH)4}2{Mn(H2O)2}2]·H2O. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Warren CJ. Tarasoff: Duty to warn? Duty to protect? Med Health R I 1998; 81:377-8. [PMID: 15580798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Warren
- Brown, Rudnick, Freed & Gessmer, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Zhang Y, Warren CJ, Clearfield A, Haushalter RC. Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of (H3NCH2CH2NH3) [V (OH) (HPO4) 2] · H2O with novel 1-D {V3 — OH — V3} polymeric chains. Polyhedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(97)90188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Warren CJ, Rose DJ, Haushalter RC, Zubieta J. A New Transition Metal-Main Group Oxide Cluster in the Oxovanadium-Borate System: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of (H(3)O)(12)[(VO)(12){B(16)O(32)(OH)(4)}(2)].28H(2)O. Inorg Chem 1998; 37:1140-1141. [PMID: 11670317 DOI: 10.1021/ic971452o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Warren
- NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, and Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
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Abstract
This study used a simulator to determine the effectiveness of two file-handle sleeves that are claimed to improve tactile discrimination and the ease of manipulation of endodontic hand instruments. Thirty final-year dental undergraduates inserted files into instrument setting rods until a putty resistance was felt, following which depth of penetration into the material was measured with a microscope. Results were analysed statistically. Despite favourable comments from participants in the trial, the devices failed to deliver enhanced tactile discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Warren
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Kowach
- Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Warren CJ, C. Haushalter R, Rose DJ, Zubieta J. The first oxometalate borophosphate polyanion: hydrothermal synthesis and structure of (H3NCH2CH2NH3)2[Na(VO)10{HO3POB(O)2OPO3H}5]·22.5H2O. INORG CHEM COMMUN 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(97)00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
One hundred ninety cardiac patients were prospectively enrolled in an amiodarone protocol. Over a 10-year period, 16 patients developed new or progressive respiratory symptoms while taking amiodarone. These symptoms included dyspnea associated with abnormal chest radiographs or new or worsening abnormalities on pulmonary function testing. Specimens for microscopic examination were obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), open lung biopsy (OLB), or autopsy. Large foamy macrophages with characteristic lamellated cytoplasmic inclusions were noted in all specimens, regardless of other evidence of pulmonary toxicity, suggesting that foamy macrophages represent a routine drug effect. Foamy macrophages were not present in BAL specimens from 53 normal controls and were rarely seen in specimens from 27 patients who had other interstitial lung diseases. When present, the foamy macrophages were less prominent than those seen in specimens from patients receiving amiodarone. Fibrosis was noted in 11 of 16 histological specimens, whereas type II-cell-hyperplasia was observed in 7 of the 16 specimens. Four of the 16 patients with respiratory symptoms died, and their autopsy revealed a combination of foamy macrophages with fibrosis and type II cell hyperplasia reflective of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Hyperplastic type II cells were not found in the absence of fibrosis. Immunocytochemistry allowed differentiation between foamy macrophages and type II cells and represents a useful tool for future investigations of the pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Bedrossian
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Thorburn DN, Warren CJ. Sleep apnoea. N Z Dent J 1997; 93:95-7. [PMID: 9323899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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DeBord JRD, Lu YJ, Warren CJ, Haushalter RC, Zubieta J. Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of [Cu(en)2]2Cu7Cl11: a three-dimensional open-framework copper halide with occluded [Cu(en)2]2+ cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a702053h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shreeve-Keyer JL, Warren CJ, Dhingra SS, Haushalter RC. Synthesis and structural characterization of Zintl anions containing the tris(ethylenediamine)-zinc cation: [Zn(N2C2H8)3][Te3]·(0.5en) and [Zn(N2C2H8)3]2[Sn2Te6]·(en). Polyhedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(96)00367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zapf PJ, Warren CJ, Haushalter RC, Zubieta J. One- and two-dimensional organic–inorganic composite solids constructed from molybdenum oxide clusters and chains linked through {M(2,2′-bpy)}2+ fragments (M = Co, Ni, Cu). Chem Commun (Camb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a702765f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Warren CJ, Dhingra SS, Haushalter RC, Bocarsly AB. Electrochemical Synthesis of a New Indium Telluride Containing One-Dimensional Chains: Structure of [(n-C4H9)4N]2In2Te4. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1994. [DOI: 10.1006/jssc.1994.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Warren CJ, Ho DM, Haushalter RC, Bocarsly AB. Electrochemical synthesis of a new gallium telluride containing one-dimensional chains: structure of [(C6H5)4P]GaTe2(en)2(en = ethane-1,2-diamine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/c39940000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Haushalter RC, Warren CJ, Bocarsly AB, Ho DM. Electrochemical Synthesis of New SbTe Zintl Anions by Catholic Dissolution of Sb2Te3 Electrodes: Structures of[Sb4Te4]4− and[Sb9Te6]3−. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199316461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Warren CJ, Ho DM, Haushalter RC, Bocarsly AB. Elektrochemische Synthese neuer Sb-Te-Zintl-Anionen durch kathodische Auflösung von Sb2Te3-Elektroden: Strukturen von [Sb4Te4]4− und [Sb9Te6]3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.1761051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine what coping resources are used by women who suffer from premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and to compare the coping resources used with those of a normative population. Two hundred forty-four women volunteered to be in the study. After screening and a 3-month lapse time required for diary completion, 54 subjects remained in the study. A history developed by the researchers, menstrual diaries, and the Coping Resources Inventory (CRIS) were used in data collection. The findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between the dependent variable, severity of PMS, and the independent variables, self-disclosure, stress monitoring, social support, and structure. There was a positive relationship between self-disclosure and stress monitoring with severity of PMS, and an inverse relationship between social support and structuring and severity of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Warren
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30302-4019
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Howell WM, Warren CJ, Cook NJ, Cawley MI, Smith JL. Detection of IL-2 at mRNA and protein levels in synovial infiltrates from inflammatory arthropathies using biotinylated oligonucleotide probes in situ. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 86:393-8. [PMID: 1747947 PMCID: PMC1554195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb02943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for IL-2 mRNA detection based on the use of four biotinylated oligonucleotide probes, plus appropriate positive and negative control probes was developed and applied to synovial surgical and needle biopsies from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy (SpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) patients. In eight surgical biopsies (six RA, one SpA, one PsA) this non-radioactive system showed similar sensitivity to that of a previously described 32P-labelled probe system, and in addition detected IL-2 mRNA in five out of seven biopsies from SpA and PsA patients and in two out of two JCA needle biopsies. IL-2 mRNA was found in the absence of IL-2 protein in RA biopsies (six surgical, 12 needle), but variable amounts of IL-2 protein were detected in six out of seven needle biopsies from SpA, PsA and JCA patients, where CD3+ lymphoid infiltrates were present. These data suggest differences in IL-2 regulation and expression in RA and non-RA inflammatory arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Howell
- Molecular Immunology Group, Tenovus Research Laboratory, Southampton, UK
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Warren CJ, Howell WM, Bhambhani M, Cawley MI, Smith JL. An investigation of T-cell subset phenotype and function in the rheumatoid synovium using in situ hybridization for IL-2 mRNA. Immunol Suppl 1991; 72:250-5. [PMID: 2016122 PMCID: PMC1384492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryostat sections of synovial biopsy tissue from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and osteoarthritis (OA) have been investigated for interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA and protein production. In situ hybridization using 32P-labelled oligonucleotide probes based on IL-2 gene sequences coded by exon 1 and exon 3 of the IL-2 gene revealed IL-2 mRNA over lymphoid aggregates in RA and SpA tissue. No IL-2 mRNA was detected in OA tissue and reflected the absence of lymphoid infiltrates in these tissues. Total mRNA, as detected by a 32P oligo dT probe, was found in all tissue examined. IL-2 protein product was detected by monoclonal antibody staining in SpA but not in RA or OA tissue. This is the first report of in situ studies of lymphoid function in the microenvironment of the RA synovium. Whether these data reflect the function of normal CD3+ CD4+ CD45RO+ T-cell subsets in the diseased joint remains to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Warren
- Regional Immunology Service, Southampton General Hospital, U.K
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Warren CJ, Yorker BC. Coping with cutbacks in psychiatric nursing education programs. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 1989; 2:163-5. [PMID: 2585256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Although adenoid cystic carcinomas are occasionally manifested in atypical ways, metastatic disease preceding detection of the primary tumor has not been previously reported. We have described a patient in whom multiple pulmonary metastatic nodules were found one year before identification of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxilla. This case illustrates the need to include adenoid cystic carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of patients with metastatic disease and an unknown primary lesion. The use of special stains and electron microscopy can be helpful in confirming a diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Warren
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Mo
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Gulesserian B, Warren CJ. Coping resources of depressed patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1987; 1:392-8. [PMID: 3426249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Goetz IE, Moklebust R, Warren CJ. Effects of some antibiotics on the growth of human diploid skin fibroblasts in cell culture. In Vitro 1979; 15:114-9. [PMID: 457178 DOI: 10.1007/bf02618107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During serial subcultures 50 micrograms per ml gentamicin and penicillin (100 U per ml)-streptomycin (100 micrograms per ml) depressed cell growth signficantly 2 weeks after the addition of the antibiotics; gentamicin, but not penicillin-streptomycin, stimulated cell growth before it became inhibitory. Removal of the antibiotics resulted in the cell yield returning to normal. The results show that these antibiotics can be harmful to cells even at concentrations thought to be safe.
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