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Gémes K, Kim YJ, Park KY, Moschou PN, Andronis E, Valassaki C, Roussis A, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA. An NADPH-Oxidase/Polyamine Oxidase Feedback Loop Controls Oxidative Burst Under Salinity. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:1418-1431. [PMID: 27600815 PMCID: PMC5100782 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The apoplastic polyamine oxidase (PAO) catalyzes the oxidation of the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine, contributing to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation. However, it is yet unclear whether apoplastic PAO is part of a network that coordinates the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salinity or if it acts independently. Here, we unravel that NADPH oxidase and apoplastic PAO cooperate to control the accumulation of H2O2 and superoxides (O2·-) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To examine to what extent apoplastic PAO constitutes part of a ROS-generating network, we examined ROS accumulation in guard cells of plants overexpressing or down-regulating apoplastic PAO (lines S2.2 and A2, respectively) or down-regulating NADPH oxidase (line AS-NtRbohD/F). The H2O2-specific probe benzene sulfonyl-H2O2 showed that, under salinity, H2O2 increased in S2.2 and decreased in A2 compared with the wild type. Surprisingly, the O2·--specific probe benzene sulfonyl-So showed that O2·- levels correlated positively with that of apoplastic PAO (i.e. showed high and low levels in S2.2 and A2, respectively). By using AS-NtRbohD/F lines and a pharmacological approach, we could show that H2O2 and O2·- accumulation at the onset of salinity stress was dependent on NADPH oxidase, indicating that NADPH oxidase is upstream of apoplastic PAO. Our results suggest that NADPH oxidase and the apoplastic PAO form a feed-forward ROS amplification loop, which impinges on oxidative state and culminates in the execution of programmed cell death. We propose that the PAO/NADPH oxidase loop is a central hub in the plethora of responses controlling salt stress tolerance, with potential functions extending beyond stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.)
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.)
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Ky Young Park
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.);
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.);
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.);
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.);
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.);
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.);
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Efthimios Andronis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.)
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Chryssanthi Valassaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.)
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Andreas Roussis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.)
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
| | - Kalliopi A Roubelakis-Angelakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion 700 13, Greece (K.G., E.A., K.A.R.-A.);
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 57922 Chonnam, South Korea (Y.J.K., K.Y.P.);
- Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center of Plant Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentrum, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (P.N.M.);
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 118 55, Greece (C.V., A.R.); and
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary (K.G.)
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