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Sandborn WJ, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Quirk D, Wang W, Nduaka CI, Mukherjee A, Su C, Sands BE. Efficacy and Safety of Extended Induction With Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1821-1830.e3. [PMID: 33127596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The efficacy and safety of tofacitinib were demonstrated in a dose-ranging phase 2 induction trial, 3 phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trials (OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2; and OCTAVE Sustain), and an ongoing, open-label, long-term extension trial (OCTAVE Open) in patients with moderately to severely active UC. Here, we assessed short- and long-term efficacy and safety of extended induction (16 weeks) with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (BID) in patients who failed to respond to initial induction (8 weeks) treatment. METHODS In patients who achieved a clinical response following extended induction (delayed responders), the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib were evaluated up to Month 36 of OCTAVE Open. RESULTS 52.2% of patients who did not achieve clinical response to 8 weeks' treatment with tofacitinib 10 mg BID in the induction studies achieved a clinical response following extended induction (delayed responders). At Month 12 of OCTAVE Open, 70.3%, 56.8%, and 44.6% of delayed responders maintained clinical response and achieved endoscopic improvement and remission, respectively. Corresponding values at Month 36 were 56.1%, 52.0%, and 44.6%. The safety profile of the subsequent 8 weeks was similar to the initial 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the majority of patients achieved a clinical response after 8 or 16 weeks' induction therapy with tofacitinib 10 mg BID. Tofacitinib 10 mg BID, administered as induction therapy for up to 16 weeks, had a comparable safety profile to 8 weeks' induction therapy. Most delayed responders at Month 36 were in remission. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT00787202; NCT01465763; NCT01458951; and NCT01470612.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandœuvre lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Sands BE, Long MD, Reinisch W, Panés J, Loftus EV, Nduaka CI, Soonasra A, Mundayat R, Lawendy N, Chan G, Friedman GS, Su C. Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Analysis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Rates From the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Program. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:234-245. [PMID: 33742652 PMCID: PMC8804509 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We present integrated analyses of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence in the tofacitinib UC clinical program. METHODS Nonmelanoma skin cancer events were evaluated from 3 randomized, placebo-controlled studies: 2 identical, 8-week induction studies (NCT01465763, NCT01458951), a 52-week maintenance study (NCT01458574), and an open-label, long-term extension study (NCT01470612). Cohorts analyzed were: Induction, Maintenance, and Overall (patients receiving ≥1 dose of tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily [BID]). An independent adjudication committee reviewed potential NMSC. Proportions and incidence rates (IRs; unique patients with events per 100 patient-years of exposure) for NMSC were evaluated. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for risk factor analysis. RESULTS Nonmelanoma skin cancer was evaluated for 1124 patients (2576.4 patient-years of tofacitinib exposure; ≤6.8 years' treatment). In the Induction Cohort, NMSC IR was 0.00 for placebo and 1.26 for 10 mg BID. Nonmelanoma skin cancer IR was 0.97 for placebo, 0.00 for 5 mg BID and 1.91 for 10 mg BID in the Maintenance Cohort, and 0.73 (n = 19) in the Overall Cohort. No NMSC was metastatic or led to discontinuation. In the Overall Cohort, Cox regression identified prior NMSC (hazard ratio [HR], 9.09; P = 0.0001), tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failure (3.32; P = 0.0363), and age (HR per 10-year increase, 2.03; P = 0.0004) as significant independent NMSC risk factors. CONCLUSIONS For patients receiving tofacitinib, NMSC occurred infrequently. Older age, prior NMSC, and TNFi failure, which are previously reported NMSC risk factors in patients with UC, were associated with increased NMSC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Sands
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Millie D Long
- University of North Carolina, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Julian Panés
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Colombel JF, Osterman MT, Thorpe AJ, Salese L, Nduaka CI, Zhang H, Lawendy N, Friedman GS, Quirk D, Su C, Reinisch W. Maintenance of Remission With Tofacitinib Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:116-125.e5. [PMID: 33039585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with moderate to severe UC, up to 1 year, have been reported. We investigated maintenance of efficacy in patients in remission after 52 weeks of maintenance treatment in the pivotal phase 3 study (OCTAVE Sustain); these patients received open-label, long-term treatment with tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily. METHODS Patients with moderate to severe UC who completed a 52-week, phase 3 maintenance study (OCTAVE Sustain) were eligible to enroll into the ongoing, phase 3, multicenter, open-label, long-term extension (OCTAVE Open). We analyzed data from 142 patients who were in remission following tofacitinib treatment in OCTAVE Sustain who received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily during OCTAVE Open. We assessed efficacy (including remission [based on total Mayo score], endoscopic improvement, clinical response, and partial Mayo score up to month 36 of OCTAVE Open) and safety data. RESULTS After 12 months of tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily in OCTAVE Open, 68.3% of patients were in remission, 73.9% had endoscopic improvement, and 77.5% had a clinical response. At month 36, 50.4%, of the patients were in remission, 55.3% had endoscopic improvement, and 56.0% had a clinical response. The safety profile of tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily revealed no new safety risks associated with long-term exposure up to 36 months. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy endpoints were maintained for up to 36 months, regardless of prior tofacitinib dose, including patients who reduced from tofacitinib 10 mg to 5 mg twice daily upon OCTAVE Open entry. No new safety risks were identified. ClinicalTrials.gov: OCTAVE Sustain (NCT01458574); OCTAVE Open (NCT01470612).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mark T Osterman
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
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Curtis JR, Regueiro M, Yun H, Su C, DiBonaventura M, Lawendy N, Nduaka CI, Koram N, Cappelleri JC, Chan G, Modesto I, Lichtenstein GR. Tofacitinib Treatment Safety in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Comparison of Observational Population Cohort Data From the IBM MarketScan® Administrative Claims Database With Tofacitinib Trial Data. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1394-1408. [PMID: 33324993 PMCID: PMC8376127 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to estimate the overall incidence of safety events in patients with UC in a real-life population cohort for comparison with the tofacitinib UC clinical trial program. METHODS Clinical trial-like criteria were applied to an IBM MarketScan® claims database population-based cohort (n = 22,967) of patients with UC (October 2010 to September 2015) to identify a UC trial-like cohort treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; n = 6366) to compare with the tofacitinib UC clinical trial cohort (n = 1157). RESULTS Incidence rates (events per 100 patient-years; [95% confidence interval]) in the UC trial-like cohort were as follows: serious infections, 3.33 (2.73-4.02); opportunistic infections (OIs; excluding herpes zoster [HZ]), 1.45 (1.06-1.93); HZ, 1.77 (1.34-2.29); malignancies (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]), 0.63 (0.43-0.90); NMSC, 1.69 (1.35-2.10); major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), 0.51 (0.31-0.79); pulmonary embolism (PE), 0.54 (0.30-0.89); deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 1.41 (1.00-1.93); and gastrointestinal perforations, 0.31 (0.16-0.54). Compared with the UC trial-like cohort, tofacitinib-treated patients had numerically lower incidence rates for serious infections (1.75 [1.27-2.36]), OIs (excluding HZ; 0.16 [0.04-0.42]), NMSC (0.78 [0.47-1.22]), PE (0.16 [0.04-0.41]), and DVT (0.04 [0.00-0.23]), and a higher rate for HZ (3.57 [2.84-4.43]); rates for malignancies (excluding NMSC), MACE, and gastrointestinal perforations were similar. CONCLUSIONS When acknowledging limitations of comparing claims data with controlled clinical trial data, incidence rates for HZ among TNFi-treated patients in the UC trial-like cohort were lower than in the tofacitinib UC clinical trial cohort; rates for serious infections, OIs, NMSC, PE, and DVT were numerically higher. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT00787202, NCT01465763, NCT01458951, NCT01458574, NCT01470612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Miguel Regueiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Huifeng Yun
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary R Lichtenstein
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Winthrop KL, Loftus EV, Baumgart DC, Reinisch W, Nduaka CI, Lawendy N, Chan G, Mundayat R, Friedman GS, Salese L, Thorpe AJ, Su C. Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Analysis of Infection Rates from the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Programme. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:914-929. [PMID: 33245746 PMCID: PMC8218715 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We report integrated analyses of infections in the Phase [P]2 and P3 OCTAVE programmes. METHODS Three cohorts were analysed: Induction [P2/3 induction studies]; Maintenance [P3 maintenance study]; and Overall [all tofacitinib-treated patients in induction, maintenance, or ongoing, open-label, long-term extension studies; as of May 2019]. Proportions and incidence rates [IRs; unique patients with events/100 patient-years] of serious infections [SIs], herpes zoster [HZ] [non-serious and serious], and opportunistic infections [OIs] are reported [censored at time of event]. RESULTS In the Induction Cohort [N = 1220], no patients receiving placebo and eight [0.9%] receiving tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily [BID] developed SIs. Maintenance Cohort [N = 592] SI IRs (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.94 [0.23-7.00] for placebo and 1.35 [0.16-4.87] and 0.64 [0.02-3.54] for tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID, respectively; HZ IRs were 0.97 [0.02-5.42], 2.05 [0.42-6.00], and 6.64 [3.19-12.22], respectively. In the Overall Cohort [N = 1157; 82.9% predominantly received tofacitinib 10 mg BID], SI, HZ, and non-HZ OI IRs were 1.70 [1.24-2.27], 3.48 [2.79-4.30], and 0.15 [0.04-0.38], respectively. No SIs resulted in death. CONCLUSIONS During induction, SIs were more frequent with tofacitinib versus placebo. SIs were generally infrequent in the Maintenance and Overall Cohorts, with rates comparable between treatment groups. Maintenance Cohort HZ IR was numerically higher with tofacitinib 10 mg BID versus 5 mg BID. Overall Cohort HZ IRs remained stable over time. Non-HZ OIs and viral infections were rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Winthrop
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel C Baumgart
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chudy I Nduaka
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Nervin Lawendy
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Gary Chan
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Mundayat
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary S Friedman
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo Salese
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Thorpe
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Chinyu Su
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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6
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Lichtenstein GR, Rogler G, Ciorba MA, Su C, Chan G, Pedersen RD, Lawendy N, Quirk D, Nduaka CI, Thorpe AJ, Panés J. Tofacitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor: Analysis of Malignancy (Excluding Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer) Events Across the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Program. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:816-825. [PMID: 32766762 PMCID: PMC8128409 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we performed an integrated analysis of malignancy events from the tofacitinib phase 3 UC clinical development program (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]). METHODS Data (up to May 2019) were pooled from two phase 3 induction studies, a phase 3 maintenance study, and an ongoing, open-label, long-term extension (OLE) study, and analyzed as 3 cohorts: induction (N = 1139), maintenance (N = 592), and overall (induction, maintenance, and ongoing OLE study; N = 1124). Proportions and incidence rates (IRs; unique patients with events per 100 patient-years [PY] of exposure) for malignancies confirmed by adjudication were calculated. RESULTS The overall cohort consisted of patients who received at least 1 dose of tofacitinib at 5 or 10 mg twice daily, for up to 6.8 years, with an exposure of 2576.4 PY. Of the 1124 overall cohort tofacitinib-treated patients, 20 developed a malignancy (excluding NMSC; IR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-1.16), of which 17 occurred in patients treated with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily; importantly, more than 80% of patients predominantly received this dose. Furthermore, there was no apparent clustering of malignancy types, and IRs were stable over time. CONCLUSIONS In the tofacitinib UC clinical development program, malignancy events were infrequent, and rates were comparable with those in the tofacitinib rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis clinical development programs, and for biologic UC treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01465763, NCT01458951, NCT01458574, and NCT01470612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Lichtenstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Address correspondence to: Gary R. Lichtenstein, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 400 Civic Center Boulevard, 753 Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, South Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julian Panés
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Abstract
In order to identify the practical implications for both health care practitioners and patients in understanding differences between the results of trials assessing therapies for ulcerative colitis [UC], we reviewed clinical trials of therapies for moderate to severe UC, with a focus on trial design. Over time, patient populations in UC trials have become more refractory, reflecting that patients are failing treatment with additional and different classes of drug, including conventional therapies, immunosuppressant drugs, and anti-tumour necrosis factor therapies. Outcomes used to measure efficacy have become increasingly stringent in order to meet the expectations of patients and physicians, and the requirements of regulatory bodies. Trial design has also evolved to integrate induction and maintenance therapy phases, so as to facilitate patient recruitment and to answer clinically important questions such as how efficacious therapies are in specific subpopulations of patients and during long-term use. As UC clinical trial design continues to evolve, and with limited head-to-head trials and real-world comparative effectiveness studies evaluating UC therapies, careful judgment is required to appreciate the differences and similarities in trial designs, and to understand how these variances may affect the observed efficacy and safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Sands
- Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author: Bruce E. Sands, MD, Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1069, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel.: 212-241-6744; fax: 646-537-8647;
| | - Adam S Cheifetz
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hanauer S, Panaccione R, Danese S, Cheifetz A, Reinisch W, Higgins PDR, Woodworth DA, Zhang H, Friedman GS, Lawendy N, Quirk D, Nduaka CI, Su C. Tofacitinib Induction Therapy Reduces Symptoms Within 3 Days for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:139-147. [PMID: 30012431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of JAK for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated the onset of symptom improvement in post-hoc analyses of data from 2 phase 3 trials of induction therapy with tofacitinib in patients with UC (OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2). METHODS The studies comprised patients with moderate to severe active UC who were intolerant to, or failed by previous treatment with, corticosteroids, thiopurines, and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. Patients received tofacitinib (10 mg twice daily, n = 905) or placebo (n = 234) for 8 weeks. Daily Mayo stool frequency and rectal bleeding subscores were calculated using diary data from the first 15 days of therapy. We analyzed data from subgroups including failure of prior anti-TNF therapy, baseline corticosteroid use, and baseline serum levels of C-reactive protein. RESULTS Mean changes were significantly greater in patients given tofacitinib vs placebo in reductions from baseline stool frequency subscore (tofacitinib: -0.27 vs placebo: -0.11; P < .01), total number of daily bowel movements (-1.06 vs -0.27; P < .0001), and rectal bleeding subscore (-0.30 vs -0.14; P < .01) by day 3. Compared with placebo, more tofacitinib-treated patients had reductions from baseline in stool frequency subscore (by ≥1 point for tofacitinib, 241/837, 28.8% vs placebo, 39/218, 17.9%) (P < .01) and rectal bleeding subscore (by ≥1 point for tofacitinib, 266/830, 32.0% vs placebo, 43/214, 20.1%) (P < .01) by day 3. A consistent effect of tofacitinib was observed in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In a post-hoc analysis of data from phase 3 trials of induction therapy with tofacitinib in patients with UC, we found significant improvements in symptoms among patients given tofacitinib compared with placebo within 3 days. These findings indicate the rapid onset of effect of this drug in patients with UC. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT01465763 and NCT01458951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanauer
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adam Cheifetz
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
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9
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Winthrop KL, Melmed GY, Vermeire S, Long MD, Chan G, Pedersen RD, Lawendy N, Thorpe AJ, Nduaka CI, Su C. Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Receiving Tofacitinib. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2258-2265. [PMID: 29850873 PMCID: PMC6140434 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor that is being investigated for ulcerative colitis (UC). Tofacitinib is approved for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, where it has been shown to increase herpes zoster (HZ) risk. We evaluated HZ risk among UC patients using tofacitinib. METHODS HZ cases were identified in tofacitinib phase II/III/ongoing, open-label, long-term extension (OLE) UC trials. We calculated HZ incidence rates (IRs) per 100 patient-years of tofacitinib exposure within phase III maintenance (Maintenance Cohort) and phase II/III/OLE (Overall Cohort) studies, stratified by baseline demographics and other factors. HZ risk factors were evaluated in the Overall Cohort using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Overall, 65 (5.6%) patients developed HZ. Eleven patients had multidermatomal involvement (2 nonadjacent or 3-6 adjacent dermatomes), and 1 developed encephalitis (resolved upon standard treatment). Five (7.7%) events led to treatment discontinuation. HZ IR (95% confidence interval [CI]) in the Overall Cohort was 4.07 (3.14-5.19) over a mean (range) of 509.1 (1-1606) days, with no increased risk observed with increasing tofacitinib exposure. IRs (95% CI) were highest in patients age ≥65 years, 9.55 (4.77-17.08); Asian patients, 6.49 (3.55-10.89); patients with prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failure, 5.38 (3.86-7.29); and patients using tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily, 4.25 (3.18-5.56). Multivariate analysis identified older age and prior TNFi failure as independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In tofacitinib-treated UC patients, there was an elevated risk of HZ, although complicated HZ was infrequent. Increased HZ rates occurred in patients who were older, Asian, or had prior TNFi failure (NCT00787202, NCT01465763, NCT01458951, NCT01458574, NCT01470612).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Winthrop
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,Address correspondence to: Kevin L. Winthrop, MD, MPH, CEI/OHSU, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 ()
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Millie D Long
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania
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10
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Winthrop KL, Wouters AG, Choy EH, Soma K, Hodge JA, Nduaka CI, Biswas P, Needle E, Passador S, Mojcik CF, Rigby WF. The Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Zoster Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Before Starting Tofacitinib: A Randomized Phase II Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1969-1977. [PMID: 28845577 PMCID: PMC5656925 DOI: 10.1002/art.40187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster, and vaccination is recommended for patients ages 50 years and older, prior to starting treatment with biologic agents or tofacitinib. Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of RA. We evaluated its effect on the immune response and safety of live zoster vaccine (LZV). METHODS In this phase II, 14-week, placebo-controlled trial, patients ages 50 years and older who had active RA and were receiving background methotrexate were given LZV and randomized to receive tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily or placebo 2-3 weeks postvaccination. We measured humoral responses (varicella zoster virus [VZV]-specific IgG level as determined by glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and cell-mediated responses (VZV-specific T cell enumeration, as determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay) at baseline and 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 14 weeks postvaccination. End points included the geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in VZV-specific IgG levels (primary end point) and T cells (number of spot-forming cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells) at 6 weeks postvaccination. RESULTS One hundred twelve patients were randomized to receive tofacitinib (n = 55) or placebo (n = 57). Six weeks postvaccination, the GMFR in VZV-specific IgG levels was 2.11 in the tofacitinib group and 1.74 in the placebo group, and the VZV-specific T cell GMFR was similar in the tofacitinib group and the placebo group (1.50 and 1.29, respectively). Serious adverse events occurred in 3 patients in the tofacitinib group (5.5%) and 0 patients (0.0%) in the placebo group. One patient, who lacked preexisting VZV immunity, developed cutaneous vaccine dissemination 2 days after starting tofacitinib (16 days postvaccination). This resolved after tofacitinib was discontinued and the patient received antiviral treatment. CONCLUSION Patients who began treatment with tofacitinib 2-3 weeks after receiving LZV had VZV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to LZV similar to those in placebo-treated patients. Vaccination appeared to be safe in all of the patients except 1 patient who lacked preexisting VZV immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chudy I. Nduaka
- Chudy I. Nduaka, DVM, PhD: Pfizer IncCollegevillePennsylvania
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Winthrop KL, Curtis JR, Lindsey S, Tanaka Y, Yamaoka K, Valdez H, Hirose T, Nduaka CI, Wang L, Mendelsohn AM, Fan H, Chen C, Bananis E. Herpes Zoster and Tofacitinib: Clinical Outcomes and the Risk of Concomitant Therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1960-1968. [PMID: 28845604 PMCID: PMC5656820 DOI: 10.1002/art.40189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), and the risk appears to be increased in patients treated with tofacitinib. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether concomitant treatment with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or glucocorticoids (GCs) contributes to the increased risk of HZ in RA patients treated with tofacitinib. Methods HZ cases were identified from the databases of 2 phase I, 9 phase II, 6 phase III, and 2 long‐term extension studies of tofacitinib in RA patients. Crude incidence rates (IRs) of all HZ events (serious and nonserious) per 100 patient‐years (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) were calculated for unique patients. Within phase III studies, we described HZ rates according to concomitant csDMARD treatment and baseline GC use. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate HZ risk factors across studies. Results Across all studies (6,192 patients; 16,839 patient‐years), HZ was reported in 636 tofacitinib‐treated patients (IR 4.0, 95% CI 3.7–4.4). In most cases (93%), HZ was classified as nonserious, and the majority of patients (94%) had involvement of only 1 dermatome. HZ IRs varied across regions, from 2.4 (95% CI 2.0–2.9) in Eastern Europe to 8.0 (95% CI 6.6–9.6) in Japan and 8.4 (95% CI 6.4–10.9) in Korea. Within phase III studies, HZ IRs varied according to tofacitinib dose, background csDMARD treatment, and baseline use of GCs. The IRs were numerically lowest for monotherapy with tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily without GCs (IR 0.56 [95% CI 0.07–2.01]) and highest for tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily with csDMARDs and GCs (IR 5.44 [95% CI 3.72–7.68]). Age, GC use, tofacitinib dose, and enrollment within Asia were independent risk factors for HZ. Conclusion Patients receiving treatment with tofacitinib and GCs appear to have a greater risk of developing HZ compared with patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy without GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Curtis JR, Lee EB, Martin G, Mariette X, Terry KK, Chen Y, Geier J, Andrews J, Kaur M, Fan H, Nduaka CI. Analysis of non-melanoma skin cancer across the tofacitinib rheumatoid arthritis clinical programme. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017; 35:614-622. [PMID: 28240592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) across the tofacitinib RA development programme. METHODS NMSC events (through August 2013) were identified in patients receiving tofacitinib in two Phase (P)1, eight P2, six P3 and two long-term extension (LTE) studies. In P123 studies, tofacitinib was administered at various doses (1-30 mg twice daily [BID], 20 mg once daily), as monotherapy or with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, mainly methotrexate. In LTE studies, patients from qualifying P123 studies received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID. Crude incidence rates (IRs; patients with events/100 patient-years) for first NMSC event were evaluated across doses and over time. RESULTS In the overall population, comprising data from 18 studies (15,103 patient-years), 83 of 6092 tofacitinib-treated patients had NMSC events. The IR for NMSC (0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.69] overall population) was stable up to 84 months of observation. IRs for tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID in combined P123 trials were 0.61 (0.34-1.10) and 0.47 (0.24-0.90), respectively. Corresponding IRs for LTE studies were 0.41 (0.26-0.66) and 0.79 (0.60-1.05). CONCLUSIONS The IR for NMSC across the tofacitinib RA clinical development programme was low and remained stable over time. The IR for NMSC in LTE studies was numerically but not significantly higher with tofacitinib 10 versus 5 mg BID; an inverse dose relationship was observed in P123 trials. Longer follow-up is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - George Martin
- Dermatology and Laser Center of Maui, Kihei, Hawaii, USA
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Sud, and Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Wollenhaupt J, Silverfield J, Lee EB, Curtis JR, Wood SP, Soma K, Nduaka CI, Benda B, Gruben D, Nakamura H, Komuro Y, Zwillich SH, Wang L, Riese RJ. Safety and efficacy of tofacitinib, an oral janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in open-label, longterm extension studies. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:837-52. [PMID: 24692527 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the longterm safety and efficacy profile of tofacitinib in patients with moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Data were pooled from 2 open-label studies (NCT00413699, NCT00661661) involving patients who had participated in qualifying phase I, II, or III index studies of tofacitinib. Safety data included over 60 months of observation; efficacy data are reported up to Month 48. Treatment was initiated with tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily. Primary endpoints were adverse events (AE) and laboratory safety data. Secondary endpoints included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response rates, and Disease Activity Score (28 joints) (DAS28)-4[erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)] and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) assessments. RESULTS Overall, 4102 patients were treated for 5963 patient-years; mean (maximum) treatment duration was 531 (1844) days; 20.8% of patients discontinued treatment over 60 months. The most common AE were nasopharyngitis (12.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (10.5%). Serious AE were reported in 15.4% of patients with an exposure-estimated incidence rate of 11.1 events/100 patient-years. Serious infections were reported in 4.5% of patients with an exposure-estimated incidence rate of 3.1 events/100 patient-years (95% CI: 2.66-3.55). Mean values for laboratory variables were stable over time and consistent with phase II and III studies. Persistent efficacy was demonstrated through Month 48, as measured by ACR response rate (ACR20/50/70) DAS28-4-ESR, and HAQ-DI. Safety and efficacy were similar for patients receiving tofacitinib as monotherapy or with background nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib demonstrated consistent safety and persistent efficacy over 48 months in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wollenhaupt
- From the Schoen Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Healthpoint Medical Group, Tampa, Florida, USA; Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut; Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA; Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Nguyen QD, Schachar RA, Nduaka CI, Sperling M, Basile AS, Klamerus KJ, Chi-Burris K, Yan E, Paggiarino DA, Rosenblatt I, Aitchison R, Erlich SS. Dose-ranging evaluation of intravitreal siRNA PF-04523655 for diabetic macular edema (the DEGAS study). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7666-74. [PMID: 23074206 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three doses of PF-04523655, a 19-nucleotide methylated double stranded siRNA targeting the RTP801 gene, for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) compared to focal/grid laser photocoagulation. METHODS This multicenter, prospective, masked, randomized, active-controlled, phase 2 interventional clinical trial enrolled 184 DME patients with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 to 20/320 inclusive in the study eye. Patients were randomly assigned to 0.4-mg, 1-mg, 3-mg PF-04523655 intravitreal injections or laser. The main outcome measure was the change in BCVA from baseline to month 12. RESULTS All doses of PF-04523655 improved BCVA from baseline through month 12. At month 12, the PF-04523655 3-mg group showed a trend for greater improvement in BCVA from baseline than laser (respectively 5.77 vs. 2.39 letters; P = 0.08; 2-sided α = 0.10). The study was terminated early at month 12 based on predetermined futility criteria for efficacy and discontinuation rates. PF-04523655 was generally safe and well-tolerated, with few adverse events considered treatment-related. By month 12, the discontinuation rates in the PF-04523655 groups were higher than the laser group and were inversely related to dose levels. CONCLUSIONS PF-04523655 showed a dose-related tendency for improvement in BCVA in DME patients. Studies of higher doses are planned to determine the optimal efficacious dose of PF-04523655. PF-04523655 may offer a new mode of therapeutic action in the management of DME. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00701181.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Dong Nguyen
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nguyen QD, Schachar RA, Nduaka CI, Sperling M, Klamerus KJ, Chi-Burris K, Yan E, Paggiarino DA, Rosenblatt I, Aitchison R, Erlich SS. Evaluation of the siRNA PF-04523655 versus Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (MONET Study). Ophthalmology 2012; 119:1867-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Nguyen QD, Schachar RA, Nduaka CI, Sperling M, Basile AS, Klamerus KJ, Chi-Burris K, Yan E, Paggiarino DA, Rosenblatt I, Khan A, Aitchison R, Erlich SS. Phase 1 dose-escalation study of a siRNA targeting the RTP801 gene in age-related macular degeneration patients. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26:1099-105. [PMID: 22627477 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and dose-limiting toxicities of a single intravitreal (IVT) injection of PF-04523655, a 19-nucleotide, O-methyl stabilized, double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid targeting the RTP801 gene in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Prospective, phase 1, clinical multicentre trial, enrolled 27 patients with neovascular AMD unresponsive to prior treatment and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤ 20/200 in the study eye in stratum 1: (dose-escalating, open-label: 50 to 3000 μg of PF-04523655) and 27 patients who had potential to benefit from therapy and BCVA of ≤ 20/100 and ≥ 20/800 in stratum 2 (parallel, masked study of 1000, 1500, 2250, and 3000 μg of PF-04523655). The primary outcome was safety and tolerability assessment as well as pharmacokinetic profiling following a single IVT injection of PF-04523655. RESULTS Doses of PF-04523655 ≥ 400 μg were generally detectable in the plasma at 1, 4, and 24 h post-injection. And all doses were below the lowest level of quantification by day 14. A single IVT injection of 50 to 3000 μg of PF-045237655 was generally safe and well tolerated over 24 months. There were no dose-limiting toxicities. CONCLUSION A single IVT injection of PF-0523655 ≤ 3000 μg seems safe and well tolerated in eyes with neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q D Nguyen
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dow RL, Carpino PA, Hadcock JR, Black SC, Iredale PA, DaSilva-Jardine P, Schneider SR, Paight ES, Griffith DA, Scott DO, O’Connor RE, Nduaka CI. Discovery of 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4]oxazepin-8(5H)-one (PF-514273), a Novel, Bicyclic Lactam-Based Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2652-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900255t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Dow
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - John R. Hadcock
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Shawn C. Black
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Philip A. Iredale
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Steven R. Schneider
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Ernest S. Paight
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - David A. Griffith
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Dennis O. Scott
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Chudy I. Nduaka
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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Andresen C, Olson E, Nduaka CI, Pero R, Bagi CM. Action of Calciotropic Hormones on Bone Metabolism – Role of Vitamin D3 in Bone Remodeling Events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2006.40.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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